|
Arthaniya
Arthania ( ''’Arṯāniya'', , , ) was one of the three states of the Rus' people, Rus or Saqaliba (early East Slavs) with the center in Artha described in a lost book by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (dating from ca. 920) and mentioned in works by some of his followers (Ibn Hawqal, Estakhri, Al-Istakhri, Hudud ul-'alam). The two other centers were Slawiya ( ''Ṣ(a)lāwiya''; tentatively identified with the land of Ilmen Slavs, see Rus Khaganate) and Kuyaba ( ''Kūyāba''; usually identified with Kyiv). Ibn Hawqal claims that nobody has ever visited Artha because the locals kill every foreigner attempting to penetrate their land. They are involved in trade with Kuyaba, selling sable furs, lead, and a modicum of slaves. Modern historians have been unable to pinpoint the location of Arthania. A linguistic line of argument leads some historians to such far-away places as Cape Arkona on the Baltic Sea, the land of the Mordvins, Erzya (an ethnic group of the Mordva nation; see ''Gelons and Mord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuyaba
Kuyaba ( ''Kūyāba'') was one of the three centers of the Rus or Saqaliba (early East Slavs) described in a lost book by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (dating from ca. 920) and mentioned in works by some of his followers (Ibn Hawqal, Al-Istakhri, Hudud ul-'alam). The two other centers were Slawiya ( ''Ṣ(a)lāwiya'') (tentatively identified with the land of Ilmen Slavs, see Rus' Khaganate) and Arthaniya ( ''’Arṯāniya'') (not properly explained). Soviet historians such as Boris Grekov and Boris Rybakov hypothesized that "Kuyaba" was a mispronunciation of "Kiev". They theorized that Kuyaba had been a union of Slavic tribes in the middle course of the Dnieper River centered on Kiev (now in Ukraine). Kuyaba, Slawiya, and Artaniya later merged to form the state of Kievan Rus', believed to include modern Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. This explanation has been adopted by modern Ukrainian historiography. See also * Kyi, the legendary founder of Kiev * Kuyavia, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slawiya
Slawiya, as-Slawiya ( ''Ṣ(a)lāwiya'') was one of the three parts of the Rus' with the center in Holmgard (identified with the land of Ilmen Slavs) described in a lost book by Abu Zayd al-Balkhi (dating from c. 920) and mentioned in works by some of his followers (Ibn Hawqal, Al-Istakhri, Hudud ul-'alam). The two other centers were Arthaniya ( ''’Arṯāniya'') (not properly explained) & Kuyaba ( ''Kūyāba''; usually identified with Kiev). Slawiya is described as the most remote groups of the Rus', together with Kuyaba and Arthania they are involved in extensive international trade relations, in particular with the Muslim East. In Ibn Hawqal describing it is called primary in relation to the other two groups. Modern historiography tends to identify as-Slawiya with the Novgorodian lands. See also *Garðaríki ("the realm of towns") *Rus' Khaganate *Novgorod Republic *Kievan Rus' *Old Novgorod dialect The Old Novgorod or Old Novgorodian dialect (, ) was the East Slavic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rus' People
The Rus, also known as Russes, were a people in early medieval Eastern Europe. The scholarly consensus holds that they were originally Norsemen, mainly originating from present-day Sweden, who settled and ruled along the river-routes between the Baltic and the Black Seas from around the 8th to 11th centuries AD. The two original centres of the Rus' were Ladoga (''Aldeigja''), founded in the mid-8th century, and Rurikovo Gorodische (''Holmr''), founded in the mid-9th century. The two settlements were situated at opposite ends of the Volkhov River, between Lake Ilmen and Lake Ladoga, and the Norsemen likely called this territory ''Gardar''. From there, the name of the Rus' was transferred to the Middle Dnieper, and the Rus' then moved eastward to where the Finnic tribes lived and southward to where the Slavs lived. The name '' Garðaríki'' was applied to the newly formed state of Kievan Rus', and the ruling Norsemen along with local Finnic tribes gradually assimilated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plisnesk Archaeological Complex
Plisnesk archaeological complex is a group of archaeological sites located near the khutir of Plisnesk (now part of Pidhirtsi, Zolochiv Raion, Lviv Oblast), at the source of the Buzhok river.'' Филипчук М. А''Plisnesk Пліснеськ// Енциклопедія історії України : у 10 т. / редкол.: В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. ; Інститут історії України НАН України, Київ : Наукова думка, 2011, Т. 8 : Па — Прик, s. 274. : іл., ISBN 978-966-00-1142-7. The early medieval settlement had a big area of 400-450 ha which could inhabit tens of thousands of people, surrounded by several rows of fortifications, smaller settlements, more than 142 burial mounds, and included a fort with a pagan center. Part of the Luka-Raikovetska culture, it was a Polis-like city and one of the centers of early medieval tribe of Croats. The city's downfall and layers of burning are considered to be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Rus' People
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to develop a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timerevo
Timerevo (, ) is an archaeological site near the village of Bolshoe Timeryovo, seven kilometers southwest of Yaroslavl, Russia, which yielded the largest deposits of early medieval Arabic coins in Northern Europe. Description and history The site covers an area of five hectares and has no fortifications. It seems to have been operated by the Varangians from their principal base at Sarskoe Gorodishche, near Rostov. Like Sarskoe, it is situated at a distance from a major waterway — the Volga River. Nevertheless, substantial amounts of Arabic coins indicate its position as the most important Scandinavian trade outpost in the proximity of the Volga trade route. The site was first settled by a mixture of Norse merchants and local population in the ninth century. This dating is based on three major hoards of dirhams that were detected at Timeryovo since the 1960s. The first hoard, numbering about 2,100 coins, was dispersed before scholars learnt about its existence. Only seventee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarskoe Gorodishche
Sarskoye Gorodishche or Sarsky fort (, literally "Citadel on the Sara") was a medieval fortified settlement in present-day Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It was situated on the bank of the Sara River, a short distance from Lake Nero, to the south of modern Rostov, of which it seems to have been the early medieval predecessor. Exploration The site first attracted the attention of Russian archaeologists in the mid-19th century due to its imposing dimensions, which have no parallels in the region. Excavations begun by Count Aleksey Uvarov in 1854 revealed a number of superb Varangian objects comparable to the sites in Scandinavia, notably a Carolingian sword with the inscription "Lun fecit". Excavations have been undertaken intermittently since that period by many persons, including Nicholas Roerich in 1903. In his diary, Roerich complained that the site had been reduced drastically by road builders. After Soviet archaeologists resumed excavations, they rejected the traditional attr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoli Novoseltsev
Anatoly Petrovich Novoseltsev (Анатолий Петрович Новосельцев; 26 July 1933, Irkutsk, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – 12 September 1995 Moscow, Russia) was a Russian orientalist who brought to light and translated into Russian a slew of obscure Persian and Arab documents relating to the early history of Kievan Rus'. Together with Vladimir Pashuto he authored ''The Foreign Policy of Ancient Rus'' (1968), a groundbreaking study that demonstrated that Rus' had been as active in the Caucasus and Central Asia as it had been in Europe. He later published a sketch of the history of Khazaria and opposed the Anti-Normanist dogma perpetuated in the official Soviet historiography inter alia by Boris Rybakov. Novoseltsev was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volga Trade Route
In the Middle Ages, the Volga trade route connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea and the Sasanian Empire, via the Volga River. The Rus' (people), Rus used this route to trade with Muslim history#The Umayyad Caliphate, Muslim countries on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as Baghdad. The powerful Volga Bulgaria, Volga Bulgars (cousins of today's Balkans, Balkan Bulgarians) formed a seminomadic confederation and traded through the Volga river with Vikings, Viking people of Rus' and Scandinavia (Swedes, Danes, Norwegians) and with the southern Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) Furthermore, Volga Bulgaria, with its two cities Bulgar and Suvar east of what is today Moscow, traded with Russians and the fur-selling Ugrians. Chess was introduced to Medieval Rus via the Caspian-Volga trade routes from Persia and Arabia. There was a second route from the Baltic Sea to the Dnieper, which ran along the Western Dvina (Dau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merya People
The Meryans () or Merya people () were an ancient Finnic people that lived in the Upper Volga region. The ''Primary Chronicle'' places them around the Nero and Pleshcheyevo lakes. They were assimilated by the Russians by the 17th century, but there has been a modern revival of Meryan culture and language, termed . History Jordanes mentioned "Merens" as a nation paying tribute to the Gothic ruler Ermanarich. According to the Primary Chronicle, the Varangians also forced the Meryans to pay tribute. This event is dated to 859, although the chronology is not reliable. Oleg of Novgorod forced the Meryans to take part in his 882 campaigns against Smolensk and Kiev. They are also mentioned as the participants of Oleg's campaign against Constantinople in 907. Merya began to be assimilated by East Slavs when their territory became incorporated into Kievan Rus' in the 10th century. The ''Life of Abraham of Galich'' claims that, when arriving to the Lake Galich in the 14th century, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryazan
Ryazan (, ; also Riazan) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The city is located on the banks of the Oka River in Central Russia, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Census, Ryazan had a population of 524,927, making it the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, 33rd most populated city in Russia, and the fourth most populated in Central Federal District, Central Russia after Moscow, Voronezh, and Yaroslavl.An older city, now known as Old Ryazan (), was located east of modern-day Ryazan during the late Middle Ages, and served as capital of the Principality of Ryazan up until the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus', Mongol invasion in 1237. During the Siege of Ryazan, it became one of the first cities in Russia to be besieged and completely razed to the ground. The capital was subsequently moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky (), and later renamed to Ryazan by order of Catherine the Great in 1778. The c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Minorsky
Vladimir Fyodorovich Minorsky (; – 25 March 1966) was a White Russian academic, historian, and scholar of Oriental studies, best known for his contributions to the study of history of Iran and the Iranian peoples such as Persians, Lurs, and Kurds in addition to the Kartvelian Laz people. Life and career Minorsky was born on 5 February 1877 in Korcheva, Tver Governorate, northwest of Moscow on the upper Volga River, a town now submerged beneath the Ivankovo Reservoir. His father was Feodor M. Minorsky and his mother was Olga Minorsky (). He was a gold medallist of the Fourth Grammar School in Moscow. In 1896 he entered Moscow University to study law, graduating in 1900, then entered the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, where he spent 3 years preparing for a diplomatic career. He made his first trip to Qajar Persia in 1902, where he collected material on the Ahl-i Ḥaqq religion. In 1903 he entered the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, serving as a diplomat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
