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Arsinide
An arsinide, arsanide, dihydridoarsenate(1−) or arsanyl compound is a chemical derivative of arsine, where one hydrogen atom is replaced with a metal or cation. The arsinide ion has formula . It can be considered as a ligand with name or arsanido. Few chemists study arsanyl compounds, as they are both toxic and unstable. The IUPAC names are arsanide and dihydridoarsenate(1−). For the ligand the name is arsanido. The neutral group is termed arsanyl. Formation Alkali metal arsinides can form by bubbling arsine through a liquid ammonia solution of alkali metal such as sodium, potassium or alkaline earth metal such as calcium. Arsinides are also formed when arsine reacts with thin layers of alkali metals. The arsine may reduce some compounds to metals, so for example an attempt to make an indium arsinide results in metallic indium. Reactions When heated, metal hydrogen arsinide and metal dihydrogen arsinide compounds lose hydrogen to become a metal arsenide: : With lithium dih ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsine
Arsine (IUPAC name: arsane) is an inorganic compound with the formula As H3. This flammable, pyrophoric, and highly toxic pnictogen hydride gas is one of the simplest compounds of arsenic. Despite its lethality, it finds some applications in the semiconductor industry and for the synthesis of organoarsenic compounds. The term ''arsine'' is commonly used to describe a class of organoarsenic compounds of the formula AsH3−''x''R''x'', where R = aryl or alkyl. For example, As(C6H5)3, called triphenylarsine, is referred to as "an arsine". General properties In its standard state arsine is a colorless, denser-than-air gas that is slightly soluble in water (2% at 20 °C) and in many organic solvents as well. Arsine itself is odorless, but it oxidizes in air and this creates a slight garlic or fish-like scent when the compound is present above 0.5 ppm. This compound is kinetically stable: at room temperature it decomposes only slowly. At temperatures of ca. 230 °C, decomp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azanide
Azanide is the IUPAC-sanctioned name for the anion . The term is obscure; derivatives of are almost invariably referred to as amides, despite the fact that amide also refers to the Organic chemistry, organic functional group –. The anion is the conjugate base of ammonia, so it is formed by Ammonia#Self-dissociation, the self-ionization of ammonia. It is produced by deprotonation of ammonia, usually with strong bases or an alkali metal. Azanide has a H–N–H bond angle of 104.5°. Alkali metal derivatives The alkali metal derivatives are best known, although usually referred to as alkali metal amides. Examples include lithium amide, sodium amide, and potassium amide. These salt-like solids are produced by treating liquid ammonia with strong bases or directly with the alkali metals (blue liquid ammonia solutions due to the solvated electron): :, where M = Li, Na, K Silver(I) amide () is prepared similarly. Transition metal complexes of the amido ligand are often produced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bromobenzene
Bromobenzene is an aryl bromide and the simplest of the bromobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one bromine atom. Its chemical formula is . It is a colourless liquid although older samples can appear yellow. It is a reagent in organic synthesis. Synthesis and reactions Bromobenzene is prepared by the action of bromine on benzene in the presence of Lewis acid catalysts such as aluminium chloride or ferric bromide. Bromobenzene is used to introduce a phenyl group into other compounds. One method involves its conversion to the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium bromide. This reagent can be used, e.g. in the reaction with carbon dioxide to prepare benzoic acid. Other methods involve palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, such as the Suzuki reaction. Bromobenzene is used as a precursor in the manufacture of phencyclidine Phencyclidine or phenylcyclohexyl piperidine (PCP), also known in its use as a street drug as angel dust among other names, is a dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsenic Compounds
Compounds of arsenic resemble in some respects those of phosphorus which occupies the same group (column) of the periodic table. The most common oxidation states for arsenic are: −3 in the arsenides, which are alloy-like intermetallic compounds, +3 in the arsenites, and +5 in the arsenates and most organoarsenic compounds. Arsenic also bonds readily to itself as seen in the square As ions in the mineral skutterudite. In the +3 oxidation state, arsenic is typically pyramidal owing to the influence of the lone pair of electrons. Inorganic compounds One of the simplest arsenic compounds is the trihydride, the highly toxic, flammable, pyrophoric arsine (AsH3). This compound is generally regarded as stable since, at room temperature, it decomposes only slowly. At temperatures of 250–300 °C decomposition to arsenic and hydrogen is rapid.Greenwood and Earnshaw, pp. 557–558 Several factors, such as humidity, the presence of light and certain catalysts (namely aluminium) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Ether
In organic chemistry, crown ethers are cyclic chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing several ether groups (). The most common crown ethers are cyclic oligomers of ethylene oxide, the repeating unit being ethyleneoxy, i.e., . Important members of this series are the tetramer (''n'' = 4), the pentamer (''n'' = 5), and the hexamer (''n'' = 6). The term "crown" refers to the resemblance between the structure of a crown ether bound to a cation, and a crown sitting on a person's head. The first number in a crown ether's name refers to the number of atoms in the cycle, and the second number refers to the number of those atoms that are oxygen. Crown ethers are much broader than the oligomers of ethylene oxide; an important group are derived from catechol. Crown ethers strongly bind certain cations, forming complexes. The oxygen atoms are well situated to coordinate with a cation located at the interior of the ring, whereas the exterior of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorosilane
In inorganic chemistry, chlorosilanes are a group of reactive, chlorine-containing chemical compounds, related to silane () and used in many chemical processes. Each such chemical has at least one silicon-chlorine () bond. Trichlorosilane is produced on the largest scale. The parent chlorosilane is silicon tetrachloride (). Synthesis Hydrochlorosilanes These include chlorosilane , dichlorosilane , and, most importantly trichlorosilane . The idealized equation for the production of trichlorosilane is: : Methylchlorosilanes Methyltrichlorosilane , dimethyldichlorosilane , and trimethylsilyl chloride are produced by the Direct Process, the reaction of methyl chloride with a silicon-copper alloy. Each of these three methylchlorosilanes are common reagents in organosilicon chemistry. Reactions The methylchlorosilanes react with water to produce hydrogen chloride, giving siloxanes. In the case of trimethylsilyl chloride, the hydrolyzed product is hexamethyldisiloxane: : The ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triphenylarsine
Triphenylarsine is the chemical compound with the formula As(C6H5)3. This organoarsenic compound, often abbreviated As Ph3, is a colorless crystalline solid that is used as a ligand and a reagent in coordination chemistry and organic synthesis. The molecule is pyramidal with As-C distances of 1.942–1.956 Å and C-As-C angles of 99.6–100.5°. This compound is prepared by the Wurtz reaction of arsenic trichloride with chlorobenzene using sodium as the reducing agent: :AsCl3 + 3 PhCl + 6 Na → AsPh3 + 6 NaCl Reactions Reaction of triphenylarsine with lithium gives lithium diphenylarsenide and phenyllithium: :AsPh3 + 2 Li → LiAsPh2 + LiPh Triphenylarsine is the precursor to tetraphenylarsonium chloride, sPh4l, a popular precipitating agent. AsPh3 forms metal complexes with metals. Most are analogues of the corresponding triphenylphosphine derivatives. Examples include rCl(CO)(AsPh3)sub>2, hCl(AsPh3)3 and e(CO)4(AsPh3) Tetraphenylarsonium chloride Tetrap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benzene
Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. Benzene is a natural constituent of petroleum and is one of the elementary petrochemicals. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. Benzene is a colorless and highly Combustibility and flammability, flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. It is used primarily as a Precursor (chemistry), precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structures, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. Although benzene is a major Chemical industry, industrial che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iodobenzene
Iodobenzene is an aryl iodide and the simplest of the iodobenzenes, consisting of a benzene ring substituted with one iodine atom. Its chemical formula is . It is useful as a synthetic intermediate in organic chemistry. It is a volatile colorless liquid, although aged samples appear yellowish. Preparation Iodobenzene is commercially available, or it can be prepared in the laboratory from aniline via the diazotization reaction. In the first step, the amine functional group is diazotized with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite. Potassium iodide is added to the resultant phenyldiazonium chloride, causing nitrogen gas to evolve. The product is separated by steam distillation. : Alternatively, it can be produced by refluxing iodine and nitric acid with benzene. Reactions Since the C–I bond is weaker than C–Br or C–Cl, iodobenzene is more reactive than bromobenzene or chlorobenzene. Iodobenzene reacts readily with magnesium to form the Grignard reagent, phenylmagnesium i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
