Azanide is the
IUPAC
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is ...
-sanctioned name for the anion . The term is obscure; derivatives of are almost invariably referred to as amides,
[ despite the fact that ]amide
In organic chemistry, an amide, also known as an organic amide or a carboxamide, is a compound with the general formula , where R, R', and R″ represent organic groups or hydrogen atoms. The amide group is called a peptide bond when it is ...
also refers to the organic functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the res ...
–. The anion is the conjugate base of ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogeno ...
, so it is formed by the self-ionization of ammonia. It is produced by deprotonation of ammonia, usually with strong bases or an alkali metal. Azanide has a H–N–H bond angle of 104.5°.
Alkali metal derivatives
The alkali metal derivatives are best known, although usually referred to as alkali metal amides. Examples include lithium amide
Lithium amide or lithium azanide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is a white solid with a tetragonal crystal structure. Lithium amide can be made by treating lithium metal with liquid ammonia:
:
Other lithium amides
The c ...
, sodium amide
Sodium amide, commonly called sodamide (systematic name sodium azanide), is the inorganic compound with the formula . It is a salt composed of the sodium cation and the azanide anion. This solid, which is dangerously reactive toward water, is whit ...
, and potassium amide
Potassium amide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . Like other alkali metal amides, it is a white solid that hydrolyzes readily. It is a strong base.
Production
Potassium amide is produced by the reaction of ammonia with potassiu ...
. These salt-like solids are produced by treating liquid ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrog