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Ars Poetica (Horace)
"Ars Poetica", or "The Art of Poetry" , sometimes referred to as the ''"Epistula ad Pisones"'', or "Epistle to the Pisos", is a poem written by Horace c. 19 BC, in which he advises poets on the art of writing poetry and drama. The ''Ars Poetica'' has "exercised a great influence in later ages on European literature, notably on French drama", and has inspired poets and authors since it was written. Although it has been well-known since the Middle Ages, it has been used in literary criticism since the Renaissance. Background The poem was written in hexameter verse as an Epistle (or Letter) to Lucius Calpurnius Piso (the Roman senator and consul) and his two sons, and is sometimes referred to as the ''Epistula ad Pisones'', or "Epistle to the Pisos". The first mention of its name as the "''Ars Poetica''" was c. 95 by the classical literary critic Quintilian in his ''Institutio Oratoria'', and since then it has been known by that name. The translations of the original epistle are typi ...
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Quintus Horatius Flaccus
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (; 8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius, Life of Horace commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace (), was the leading Roman Lyric poetry, lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his ''Odes (Horace), Odes'' as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96. The only other lyrical poet Quintilian thought comparable with Horace was the now obscure poet/metrical theorist, Caesius Bassus (R. Tarrant, ''Ancient Receptions of Horace'', 280) Horace also crafted elegant Prosody (Latin), hexameter verses (''Satires (Horace), Satires'' and ''Epistles (Horace), Epistles'') and caustic Iambus (genre), iambic poetry (''Epodes (Horace), Epodes''). The hexameters are amusing yet serious works, friendly in tone, leading the ancient satiri ...
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Leda (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Leda (; Ancient Greek: Λήδα ), also rendered Lede, was an Aetolian princess who became queen consort of Sparta through her marriage to King Tyndareus. Zeus fell in love with Leda, and to avoid his wife Hera's jealousy, raped her while disguised as a swan. Leda was named as the mother of four famous children in Greek mythology: Helen of Troy, Clytemnestra, and the twins Castor and Pollux. Leda and the Swan was a popular motif in the visual arts, particularly during the Renaissance. Family Leda is most commonly named as a daughter of the Aetolian king Thestius,Apollodorus, ''Library''3.10/ref>Euripides, ''Iphigenia in Aulis''49/ref> son of Ares, and was occasionally referred to as Thestias. Her mother is disputed, and could have been Leucippe,Hyginus, ''Fabulae''14.3/ref> Deidameia, daughter of Perieres, Eurythemis, daughter of Cleoboea,Apollodorus, ''Library''1.7.10/ref> or Laophonte, daughter of Pleuron.Alcman, fr .15 as cited in Scholia on ...
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The Latin Library
The Latin Library is a website that collects public domain Latin texts. It is run by William L. Carey, adjunct professor of Latin and Roman Law at George Mason University. The texts have been drawn from different sources, are not intended for research purposes nor as substitutes for critical editions, and may contain errors. There are no translations at the site. See also *Latin literature Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language. The beginning of formal Latin literature dates to 240 BC, when the first stage play in Latin was performed in Rome. Latin literatur ... * Corpus Corporum * Library of Latin Texts References External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Latin Library Latin-language literature Computing in classical studies American digital libraries ...
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Epistles Of Horace
The ''Epistles'' (or ''Letters'') of Horace were published in two books, in 20 BC and 14 BC, respectively. *''Epistularum liber primus'' (''First Book of Letters'') is the seventh work by Horace, published in the year 20 BC. This book consists of 20 Epistles. *''Epistularum liber secundus'' (''Second Book of Letters'') was published in the year 14 BC. This book consists of 3 Epistles. However, the third epistle – the Ars Poetica – is usually treated as a separate composition. Background As one commentator has put it: "Horace's ''Epistles'' may be said to be a continuation of his Satires in the form of letters... But few of the epistles are ctuallyletters except in form..."The Works of Horace Rendered into English Prose by James Lonsdale M.A. and Samuel Lee M.A. London: MacMillan and Co., 1883. Edition is available on Google Books. They do indeed contain an excellent specimen of a letter of introduction (I.9); a piece of playful banter (I.14); pieces of friendly correspo ...
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1640 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events * Early? – ''Poems written by Wil. Shake-speare, Gent.'' is published (posthumously) by John Benson in London, the first collection of Shakespeare's non-dramatic poetry, although incomplete and mangled and with some male pronouns changed to female in the sonnets (here reissued for the first time since original publication). * English Cavalier poet Richard Lovelace, serving in the Bishops' Wars in Scotland, writes " To Lucasta, Going to the Warres" (published 1649) Works published * Francis Beaumont, ''Poems'', including a translation from the Latin poetry of Ovid's '' Metamorphoses'', which might not be by Beaumont; several other poems in the book are definitely not by him, according to ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature''Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Pr ...
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Ben Jonson
Benjamin Jonson ( 11 June 1572 – ) was an English playwright, poet and actor. Jonson's artistry exerted a lasting influence on English poetry and stage comedy. He popularised the comedy of humours; he is best known for the satire, satirical plays ''Every Man in His Humour'' (1598), ''Volpone, Volpone, or The Fox'' (), ''The Alchemist (play), The Alchemist'' (1610) and ''Bartholomew Fair (play), Bartholomew Fair'' (1614) and for his Lyric poetry, lyric and epigrammatic poetry. He is regarded as "the second most important English dramatist, after William Shakespeare, during the reign of James VI and I, James I."The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (12 June 2024)"Ben Jonson" ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived frothe originalon 12 July 2024. Jonson was a Classics, classically educated, well-read and cultured man of the English Renaissance with an appetite for controversy (personal and political, artistic and intellectual). His cultural influence was of unparalleled breadth ...
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Thomas Drant
Thomas Drant (c.1540–1578) was an English clergyman and poet. Work of his on prosody was known to Sir Philip Sidney and Edmund Spenser. He was in the intellectual court circle known as the 'Areopagus', and including, as well as Sidney, Edward Dyer, Gabriel Harvey, and Daniel Rogers. He translated Horace into English, taking a free line in consideration of the Roman poet's secular status; but he mentioned he found Horace harder than Homer. Drant's translation was the first complete one of the ''Satires'' in English, in fourteeners, but makes some radical changes of content. Life The son of Thomas Drant, he was born at Hagworthingham in Lincolnshire. He matriculated as pensioner of St John's College, Cambridge, 18 March 1558, proceeded B.A. 1561, was admitted fellow of his college 21 March 1561, and commenced M.A. 1564. On the occasion of Queen Elizabeth's visit to the university in August 1564 he composed copies of English, Latin, and Greek verses, which he presented to her ...
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1566 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events Works published England * Peter Beverley, ''The Historie of Ariodanto and Ieneura'' * Thomas Churchyard: ** ''Churchyard's Round''Cox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, ** ''Churchyardes Farewell'' ** ''Churchyardes Lamentacion of Freyndshyp'' * Thomas Drant, translation (from the Latin of Horace's ''Ars Poetica'') ''A Medicinable Morall'' (see also ''Horace his Arte of Poetrie'' 1567) Births Death years link to the corresponding "earin poetry" article: * October 6 (birth year uncertainFrance, Peter, editor, ''The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French'', 1993, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, ) — Marie de Gournay, also known as Marie le Jars, demoiselle de Gournay (died 1645), French writer, author of feminist tracts and poet; a close associate of ...
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Twelve Olympians
file:Greek - Procession of Twelve Gods and Goddesses - Walters 2340.jpg, upright=1.8, Fragment of a Hellenistic relief sculpture, relief (1st century BC1st century AD) depicting the twelve Olympians carrying their attributes in procession; from left to right: Hestia (scepter), Hermes (winged cap and staff), Aphrodite (veiled), Ares (helmet and spear), Demeter (scepter and wheat sheaf), Hephaestus (staff), Hera (scepter), Poseidon (trident), Athena (owl and helmet), Zeus (thunderbolt and staff), Artemis (bow and quiver) and Apollo (lyre) from the Walters Art Museum. In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, the twelve Olympians are the major Deity, deities of the Greek Pantheon (religion), pantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus. They were called ''Olympians'' because, according to tradition, they resided on Mount Olympus. Besides the twelve Olym ...
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Deus Ex Machina
''Deus ex machina'' ( ; ; plural: ''dei ex machina''; 'God from the machine') is a plot device whereby a seemingly unsolvable problem in a story is suddenly or abruptly resolved by an unexpected and unlikely occurrence. Its function is generally to resolve an otherwise irresolvable plot situation, to surprise the audience, to bring the tale to a happy ending, or act as a comedic device. Origin of the expression ''Deus ex machina'' is a Latin calque . The term was coined from the conventions of ancient Greek theater, where actors who were playing gods were brought on stage using a machine. The machine could be either a crane ('' mechane'') used to lower actors from above or a riser that brought them up through a trapdoor. Aeschylus introduced the idea and it was used often to resolve the conflict and conclude the drama. The device is associated mostly with Greek tragedy, although it also appeared in comedies. Ancient examples Aeschylus used the device in his '' Eumenides'' but ...
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Purple Prose
In literary criticism, purple prose is overly ornate prose text that may disrupt a narrative flow by drawing undesirable attention to its own extravagant style of writing, thereby diminishing the appreciation of the prose overall. Purple prose is characterized by the excessive use of adjectives, adverbs, and metaphors. When it is limited to certain passages, they may be termed purple patches or purple passages, standing out from the rest of the work. Purple prose is criticized for desaturating the meaning in an author's text by overusing melodramatic and fanciful descriptions. As there is no precise rule or absolute definition of what constitutes purple prose, deciding if a text, passage, or complete work has fallen victim is subjective. According to Paul West, "It takes a certain amount of sass to speak up for prose that's rich, succulent and full of novelty. Purple is immoral, undemocratic and insincere; at best artsy, at worst the exterminating angel of depravity." Origins T ...
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Decorum
Decorum (from the Latin: "right, proper") was a principle of classical rhetoric, poetry, and theatrical theory concerning the fitness or otherwise of a style to a theatrical subject. The concept of ''decorum'' is also applied to prescribed limits of appropriate social behavior within set situations. In rhetoric and poetry In classical rhetoric and poetic theory, decorum designates the appropriateness of style to subject. Both Aristotle (in, for example, his ''Poetics'') and Horace (in his '' Ars Poetica'') discussed the importance of appropriate style in epic, tragedy, comedy, etc. Horace says, for example: "A comic subject is not susceptible of treatment in a tragic style, and similarly the banquet of Thyestes cannot be fitly described in the strains of everyday life or in those that approach the tone of comedy. Let each of these styles be kept to the role properly allotted to it." Hellenistic and Latin rhetors divided style into the grand style, the middle style, and the ...
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