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Arctognathus Curvimola
''Arctognathus'' is an extinct genus of Gorgonopsia, gorgonopsids that throve during the Late Permian in the Karoo Supergroup, Karoo basin of what is now South Africa. Discovery A carnivore, like all gorgonopsid, ''Arctognathus'' was given its name ("Bear jaw") in reference to its short and rounded snout. There is only one recognized species, ''A. curvimola''. Description It was a small gorgonopsid with a total length estimated at 1.1 m and an 18 cm skull. Classification Below is a cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Gebauer (2007): See also * List of therapsids References Bibliography * * Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Lopingian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1911 Taxa named by Robert Broom Lopingian genus first appearances Lopingian genus extinctions {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years, from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the sixth and last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the Perm Governorate, region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the Sauropsida, sauropsids (reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyonosaurus
''Cyonosaurus'' is a genus of gorgonopsian therapsids from the late Permian of South Africa. Some skulls have been reported from Early Triassic strata, but further investigation revealed that these reports were erroneous. ''Cyonosaurus'' was in length, with a skull in length. The type species ''Cyonosaurus longiceps'' was named in 1937. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all Genus, genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also gene ... References * Vertebrate Palaeontology by Michael J. Benton paleodb.org* Sigogneau D. 1970. Révision systématique des Gorgonopsiens sud-africains. Cahiers de Paléontologie: 417 Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Lopingian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1937 Lopingian genus first appearances Lopingian genus extinctions {{pal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clelandina
''Clelandina'' is an extinct genus of Rubidgeinae, rubidgeine gorgonopsian from the Late Permian of Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone, ''Cistecephalus'' Assemblage Zone of South Africa. It was first named by Robert Broom, Broom in 1948. The type and only species is ''C. rubidgei''. It is relatively rare, with only four known specimens. Description ''Clelandina rubidgei'' has an extraordinarily small sclerotic ring relative to the size of its orbit, which implies that it was Diurnality, diurnal. It is the only Rubidgeinae, rubidgeine with a preserved sclerotic ring, so it is unknown whether this trait was shared by other members of the subfamily. Like all rubidgeines, it was relatively large, with a skull up to 36 cm long. It had reduced dentition, with the teeth posterior to the Canine (tooth), canines being absent and replaced with a bony ridge. The skull has heavily pachyostosis, pachyostosed, with massive rugose bosses. Classification ''Clelandina'' shares many characteris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sycosaurus
''Sycosaurus'' is an extinct genus of rubidgeine gorgonopsians from the Wuchiapingian (Upper Permian) Cistecephalus zone of South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. Its Provinces of South Africa, nine provinces are bounded to the south by of coastline that stretches along the Atlantic O .... It was medium-sized, about 1.2 m in length. It was first named by Haughton in 1924, and contains two species, ''S. laticeps'' and ''S. nowaki''.Kammerer CF. (2016) Systematics of the Rubidgeinae (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia) PeerJ 4:e1608 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1608 References Gorgonopsia Prehistoric therapsid genera Permian synapsids of Africa Fossils of Tanzania Fossil taxa described in 1924 Taxa named by Friedrich von Huene {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubidgea
''Rubidgea'' is a genus of gorgonopsian from the upper Permian of South Africa and Tanzania, containing the species ''Rubidgea atrox''. The generic name ''Rubidgea'' is sometimes believed to be derived from the surname of renowned Karoo paleontologist, Professor Bruce Rubidge, who has contributed to much of the research conducted on therapsids of the Karoo Basin. However, this generic name was actually erected in honor of Rubidge's paternal grandfather, Sidney Rubidge, who was a renowned fossil hunter. Its species name ''atrox'' is derived from Latin, meaning “fierce, savage, terrible”. ''Rubidgea'' is part of the gorgonopsian subfamily Rubidgeinae, a derived group of large-bodied gorgonopsians restricted to the Late Permian (Lopingian). The subfamily Rubidgeinae first appeared in the ''Tropidostoma'' Assemblage Zone. They reached their highest diversity in the '' Cistecephalus'' and '' Daptocephalus'' assemblage zones of the Beaufort Group in South Africa. History of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aelurognathus
''Aelurognathus'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids from the Permian of South Africa and Zambia. Discovery The type species is ''Aelurognathus tigriceps'', originally named ''Scymnognathus tigriceps'' by South African paleontologists Robert Broom and Sydney H. Haughton in 1913, and later assigned to the new genus ''Aelurognathus'' by Haughton in 1924. ''Scymnognathus parringtoni'' von Huene, 1950, previously assigned to ''Aelurognathus'', is now classified as a species of '' Sauroctonus''.Gebauer E I, 2014. Re-assessment of the taxonomic position of the specimen GPIT/RE/7113 (Sauroctonus parringtoni comb. nov., Gorgonopsia). In: Kammerer C F, Angielczyk K D, Fröbisch J eds. Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida. Dordrecht: Springer. 185−207. ''Aelurognathus nyasaensis'' Haughton, 1926 is not referable to the genus.Kammerer CF. (2016) Systematics of the Rubidgeinae (Therapsida: Gorgonopsia) PeerJ 4:e1608 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1608 Palaeobiology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubidgeinae
Rubidgeinae is an extinct subfamily of gorgonopsid therapsids known only from Africa. They were among the largest gorgonopsians, and their fossils are common in the Cistecephalus and Daptocephalus assemblage zones of the Karoo Basin. They lived during the Late Permian, and became extinct at the end of the Permian. Description Rubidgeines were large, quadrupedal carnivores of the family Gorgonopsidae. Their largest teeth are their upper canines, which were blade-like and had well-developed serrations. Their postcanine teeth were small and conical, but were also frequently serrated. Tooth replacement was rapid relative to basal therocephalians. Rubidgeines can be distinguished from other gorgonopsians by the absence of a blade-like parasphenoid bone and reduced or absent preparietal bone. The jugal bone, while narrow in most gorgonopsians, was often broadly expanded in rubidgeines. The largest rubidgeins were '' Dinogorgon'' and '' Rubidgea''. Paleobiology Rubidgeines were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inostrancevia
''Inostrancevia'' is an extinction, extinct genus of large carnivorous therapsids which lived during the Late Permian in what is now European Russia and Southern Africa. The first-known fossils of this gorgonopsian were discovered in the context of a long series of excavations carried out from 1899 to 1914 in the Northern Dvina, Russia. Among these are two near-complete skeletons embodying the first described specimens of this genus, being also the first gorgonopsian identified in Russia. Several other fossil materials were discovered there, and the various finds led to confusion as to the exact number of valid species, before only two of them were formally recognized, namely ''I. alexandri'' and ''I. latifrons''. A third species, ''I. uralensis'', was erected in 1974, but the fossil remains of this taxon are very thin and could come from another genus. More recent research carried out in Southern Africa has discovered specimens identified as belonging to this genus, with the spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycaenops
''Lycaenops'' ("wolf-face") is a genus of carnivorous therapsids. It lived during the Middle Permian to the early Late Permian, about 260 mya, in what is now South Africa. Description Like the modern-day wolves from which it took its name, ''Lycaenops'' had a long and slender skull, with dog-like fangs set into its upper and lower jaws. These pointed canine teeth were ideal for stabbing and/or tearing at the flesh of any large prey that it came upon. ''Lycaenops'' most likely hunted small vertebrates such as reptiles and dicynodonts. ''Lycaenops'' walked and ran with its long legs held close to its body. This feature is found in mammals but not in more primitive amniotes, early reptiles, and synapsids such as pelycosaurs, whose legs are positioned to the sides of their bodies. The ability to move like a mammal would have given ''Lycaenops'' an advantage over other land vertebrates since it would have been able to outrun them. Species The type species ''Lycaenops ornatus'' wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gorgonops
''Gorgonops'' (from 'Gorgon' and 'eye, face', literally 'Gorgon eye' or 'Gorgon face') is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsid, of which it is the type genus. ''Gorgonops'' lived during the Late Permian (Wuchiapingian), about 260–254 million years ago in what is now South Africa. History of discovery The holotype of the type species, ''Gorgonops torvus'', was one of the first therapsids discovered. It was described by Richard Owen, who also coined the name "Dinosauria" on the basis of the first known dinosaur fossils. ''G. torvus'' was also used as the type for the family Gorgonopsidae, which was described by Richard Lydekker in 1890. Five years later, in 1895, Harry Govier Seeley used this genus to establish the larger clade of Gorgonopsia. In later years, a large number of further species and genera were designated, though many of these were later determined to be synonyms. ''Gorgonops'' is known from the ''Tropidostoma'' and most of the ''Cistecephalus'' Assembl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoarctops
''Eriphostoma'' is an extinct genus of gorgonopsian therapsids known from the Middle Permian (middle Capitanian stage) of Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone, South Africa. It has one known species, ''Eriphostoma microdon'', and was first named by Robert Broom in 1911 in paleontology, 1911. It is the oldest known gorgonopsian and among the smallest and most basal members of the clade. History ''Eriphostoma'' was named in 1911 by Robert Broom, based on a poorly preserved specimen collected by the Reverend J. H. Whaits in the town of Fraserburg Road (now Leeu-Gamka), South Africa. The holotype was accessioned in the American Museum of Natural History with the specimen number AMNH FARB 5524. It was the first named gorgonopsian from the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone, ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group. Despite its status as one of the oldest known gorgonopsians, its poor preservation meant that the specimen was largely ignored for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
