|
Arbujad
Arbujad (English as "sorcerers" or "soothsayers") was the collective name for a loose group of eight Estonian poets, which represented a new direction in Estonian poetry before the outbreak of World War II.Cornelius Hasselblatt, ''History of Estonian literature'', Berlin, New York 2006. , p. 507-514 Members The literary group included the young Estonian poets Betti Alver, Bernard Kangro, Uku Masing, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud, August Sang, Heiti Talvik and Paul Viiding, all born between 1904 and 1914. Most of them came from the student association Veljesto, which was active at the University of Tartu. Program The name Arbujad comes from the title of an anthology of poems published by Ants Oras in 1938 titled ''"Arbujad. Valimik uusimat eesti lüürikat"'' ("Shamen. A selection of the latest Estonian Poetry"). While group's poetic works tended to be eclectic, there was a common desire among members to reach a deeper intellectual and emotional plane. The poets were for th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Sang
August Sang (27 July 1914 – 14 October 1969) was an Estonian poet and literary translator.Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, ''History of the literary cultures of East-Central Europe: junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2'', John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004, p34 Life and work August Sang was born in Pärnu, where he graduated from high school in 1932. His parents were Jakob and Akelina Sang (''née'' Mellikov). He was the eldest of three brothers: Ilmar Sang (1916–1995) and Endel Sang (1921–2007). After his military service he studied from 1934 to 1942 at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Tartu. Several times he had to interrupt his studies to earn money. As early as eight years old August Sang wrote his own poetry. Under the pseudonym Injo, he successfully participated in a literary competition run by the youth magazine ''Kevad'' in 1934 with his quick tempoed poem ''Improvisatsioon''. In 1934 he made his debut in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Literature
Estonian literature ( et, eesti kirjandus) is literature written in the Estonian language (c. 1,100,000 speakers) The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. ''Originates Livoniae'' in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The '' Liber Census Daniae'' (1241) contains Estonian place and family names.The Development of Written Estonian by George Kurman The earliest extant samples of connected Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. The first known printed book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard Kangro
Bernard Kangro (18 September 1910 – 25 March 1994) was an Estonian writer and poet. Education Bernard Kangro was born the son of a farmer, Andres Kangro, and his wife, Minna. He grew up in rather humble circumstances. He attended primary school from 1919 to 1922 the primary school in Kiltre, then a school in Antsla (1922 to 1924) and finally from 1924 to 1929 the high school in Valga. From 1929 to 1938 he studied Estonian language and literature at the University of Tartu. Career In 1935 Bernard Kangro made his debut with the collection of poems ''Sonetid''. Other volumes of poetry followed. From 1938 Kangro was a member of the artist group Arbujad (shamans), who strived towards a deeper emotional and spiritual experience of the language. Kangro worked as a journalist too, for the publication ''Eesti Sona'' in 1942 and ''Puhkus ja elurõõm'' in 1943. 1943/44 he worked at the Vanemuine theater in Tartu as a dramatist. In 1941 he also worked as an assistant and from 1942 to 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betti Alver
Elisabet "Betti" Alver ( in Jõgeva – 19 June 1989 in Tartu), was one of Estonia's most notable poets. She was among the first generation to be educated in schools of an independent Estonia. She went to grammar school in Tartu. Writing She began as a prose writer. She became known for being a member of the ''Arbujad'' ("Soothsayers"), a small group of influential Estonian poets including Bernard Kangro, Uku Masing, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud, August Sang, Heiti Talvik and Paul Viiding. After the war her husband Heiti Talvik was imprisoned by the Soviets and died in Siberia. For two or three decades she was silent as a poet as protest of Soviet rule, but renewed activity in the 1960s. Of note in this second period is the 1966 collection ''Tähetund'' or "Starry Hour." She also wrote novels and did translation work. On the hundredth anniversary of her birth a museum was dedicated to her in Jõgeva Jõgeva (german: Laisholm) is a small town in Estonia with a population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uku Masing
Uku Masing (born Hugo Albert Masing, 11 August 1909 – 25 April 1985) was an Estonian philosopher. He was a significant figure in Estonian religious philosophy. Masing also wrote poetry, mostly on religious issues. Masing authored one novel, ''Rapanui vabastamine ehk Kajakad jumalate kalmistul'' (''Liberation of Rapa Nui'', or ''Seagulls at the Cemetery of Gods'') in the late 1930s, which was published posthumously in 1989. As a folklorist, he was a distinguished researcher of fairy tales, contributing to the international ''Encyclopedia of the Folktale''. He was awarded the Righteous Among The Nations by Yad Vashem and the Israeli Supreme Court for his participation during the Holocaust in helping a Jew in Estonia escape capture from 1941 until the end of the war. His actions exposed him to great danger during this period requiring him to meet with his friend as well as lying to the Gestapo. Early life Masing was born in Lipa village, Raikküla Parish, Rapla County, on 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kersti Merilaas
Kersti Merilaas ( in Narva – 8 March 1986 in Tallinn) was an Estonian poet and translator. In addition, she wrote poems and prose for children and plays. Early life and education Kersti Merilaas was born Eugenie Moorberg in Narva, Estonia shortly before the outbreak of the First World War. She spent her early childhood in St. Petersburg, Russia with her mother, Anna Moorberg and sister. The family returned to Estonia in 1917 because of the turmoil of the Russian Revolution. From 1921 to 1927 she attended school in the village of Kiltsi, then furthered her studies in Väike-Maarja and Rakvere in Lääne-Viru County. In 1932, she completed high school in Tapa, Estonia. Career In 1935, she made her literary debut with a collection of poems titled ''Loomingus''. In 1936, Merilaas married the Estonian writer and translator August Sang (1914–1969) and the couple had a son named Joel Sang in 1950 who would go on to become a poet, literary critic, linguist, translator and p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mart Raud (writer)
Mart Raud (14 September 1903 – 6 July 1980) was an Estonian poet, playwright and writer. History Mart Raud was born in Aidu, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia. He attended the village school in Heimtali (today Pärsti Parish) and the parish schools in Paistu and Viljandi. Later he attended the University of Tartu studying literature. In the 1920s, Raud joined the literary movement Arbujad. After the 1940 Soviet occupation of Estonia, however, he was loyal to the new regime and distanced himself from his previous literary companions, many of whom were deported to Siberia. He was married twice. From his first marriage to the educator Lea Raud he had son, children's writer Eno Raud. His second marriage to the translator Valda Raud resulted in daughter Anu Raud and son Annus Raud. His grandchildren are scholar and author Rein Raud, musician and journalist Mihkel Raud and artist and writer Piret Raud Piret Raud (born 15 July 1971) is a contemporary Estonian author and illu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heiti Talvik
Heiti Talvik (9 November 1904 – 18 July 1947) was an Estonian poet. Life and literary career Heiti Talvik's father was a family doctor based in Tartu and his mother was a pianist. In 1923 he left the school early and initially sought work in oil shale mining at Kohtla-Järve. During that time he wrote poetry which was published in the literary magazine '' Looming'' (''Creation''), then edited by Friedebert Tuglas. In 1926 he completed his study at a gymnasium (secondary school) in Pärnu. After his graduation he studied at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Tartu from 1926 to 1934. After 1928, Talvik dedicated himself more and more to poetry. In 1934, after the publication of the poetry collection ''Palavik'' (''Fever''), he became one of the most famous Estonian poets and a member of the writers group ''Arbujad'' (''Shaman''). The circle included the poet Betti Alver, who married Talvik in 1937. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Viiding
Paul Viiding (22 May 1904 – 27 June 1962) was an Estonian poet, author and literary critic. Born in Valga, to Juhan and Ann Viiding (''née'' Rose), he was the oldest of two children; his sister Linda was born in 1907. He graduated with a degree in mathematics in Tartu before pursuing a career as an author and poet. He was a member of the influential group of Estonian poets brought together in 1938 by literary scholar Ants Oras who was greatly influenced by T. S. Eliot. The small circle of six poets became known as ''Arbujad'' ("Soothsayers") and included Heiti Talvik, Betti Alver, Uku Masing, Bernard Kangro, Kersti Merilaas, Mart Raud and August Sang. Viiding married translator Linda Laarmann and had four children: Reet, Anni, Mari and the youngest (and only son) Juhan Viiding. His grandchildren include historian Juhan Kreem, musician Jaagup Kreem, poet Elo Viiding, politician Indrek Tarand, and journalist Kaarel Tarand. Paul Viiding died in Tallinn Tallin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonians
Estonians or Estonian people ( et, eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language. The Estonian language is spoken as the first language by the vast majority of Estonians; it is closely related to other Finnic languages, e.g. Finnish, Karelian and Livonian. The Finnic languages are a subgroup of the larger Uralic family of languages, which also includes, e.g., the Sami languages. These languages are markedly different from most other native languages spoken in Europe, most of which have been assigned to Indo-European family of languages. Estonians can also be classified into subgroups according to dialects (e.g., Võros, Setos), although such divisions have become less pronounced due to internal migration and rapid urbanisation in Estonia in the 20th century. There are approximately 1.1 million ethnic Estonians and their descendants with some degree of Estonian identity worldwide; the large majority of them are living in Esto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poetry
Poetry (derived from the Greek '' poiesis'', "making"), also called verse, is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language − such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre − to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, a prosaic ostensible meaning. A poem is a literary composition, written by a poet, using this principle. Poetry has a long and varied history, evolving differentially across the globe. It dates back at least to prehistoric times with hunting poetry in Africa and to panegyric and elegiac court poetry of the empires of the Nile, Niger, and Volta River valleys. Some of the earliest written poetry in Africa occurs among the Pyramid Texts written during the 25th century BCE. The earliest surviving Western Asian epic poetry, the '' Epic of Gilgamesh'', was written in Sumerian. Early poems in the Eurasian continent evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese ''Shijing'', as well as religious hymns (the Sanskr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million Military personnel, personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Poetry")
