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Aphelidiomycota
Aphelida is a phylum of Fungi that appears to be the sister to true fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one .... Taxonomy * Phylum Aphelidiomycota Tedersoo 2018 phelida Karpov, Aleoshin & Mikhailov 2014ref> ** Class Aphelidiomycetes Tedersoo 2018 phelidea Gromov 2000*** Order Aphelidiales Tedersoo et al. 2018 nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012">Aphelidida.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Aphelidida">nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012**** Family Aphelididae Gromov 2000 [Amoeboaphelidiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012] ***** Genus ''Amoeboaphelidium'' Scherffel 1925 emend. Karpov 2014 *****Genus ''Paraphelidium'' Karpov, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia 2017 *****Genus ''Pseudaphelidium'' Schweikert & Schnepf 1996 ***** Genus '' Aphelidium'' Zopf 1885 emend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one of the kingdom (biology)#Six kingdoms (1998), traditional eukaryotic kingdoms, along with Animalia, Plantae, and either Protista or Protozoa and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of motility, mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelidida
Aphelida is a phylum of Fungi that appears to be the sister to true fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one .... Taxonomy * Phylum Aphelidiomycota Tedersoo 2018 phelida Karpov, Aleoshin & Mikhailov 2014ref> ** Class Aphelidiomycetes Tedersoo 2018 phelidea Gromov 2000*** Order Aphelidiales Tedersoo et al. 2018 nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012">Aphelidida.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Aphelidida">nowiki/>Aphelidida Gromov 2000 non Cavalier-Smith 2012**** Family Aphelididae Gromov 2000 [Amoeboaphelidiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012] ***** Genus ''Amoeboaphelidium'' Scherffel 1925 emend. Karpov 2014 *****Genus ''Paraphelidium'' Karpov, Moreira & Lopez-Garcia 2017 *****Genus ''Pseudaphelidium'' Schweikert & Schnepf 1996 ***** Genus '' Aphelidium'' Zopf 1885 emend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoospore
A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion in aqueous or moist environments. Also called a swarm spore, these spores are created by some protists, bacteria, and fungi to propagate themselves. Certain zoospores are infectious and transmittable, such as '' Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'', a fungal zoospore that causes high rates of mortality in amphibians. Diversity General morphology Zoospores are composed of a microtubular cytoskeleton base which extends from the base of the flagellum. The complexity and structure of this cytoskeleton is variable and is largely dependent on volume and size. One common feature of zoospores is their asymmetrical shape; a result of the ventral grove housing the flagella base. Certain zoospores progress through different phases, the first phase commonly referred to as 'the initial'. Others form cysts that vary tremendously in volume (14-4905 cubic micrometers) and shape, each with distinctive hair structures. Flag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudopodium
A pseudopod or pseudopodium (: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filaments and may also contain microtubules and intermediate filaments. Pseudopods are used for motility and ingestion. They are often found in amoebas. Different types of pseudopodia can be classified by their distinct appearances. Lamellipodia are broad and thin. Filopodia are slender, thread-like, and are supported largely by microfilaments. Lobopodia are bulbous and amoebic. Reticulopodia are complex structures bearing individual pseudopodia which form irregular nets. Axopodia are the phagocytosis type with long, thin pseudopods supported by complex microtubule arrays enveloped with cytoplasm; they respond rapidly to physical contact. Generally, several pseudopodia arise from the surface of the body, (''polypodial'', for example, ''Amoeba proteus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion () is an organelle found in the cell (biology), cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double lipid bilayer, membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. They were discovered by Albert von Kölliker in 1857 in the voluntary muscles of insects. The term ''mitochondrion'', meaning a thread-like granule, was coined by Carl Benda in 1898. The mitochondrion is popularly nicknamed the "powerhouse of the cell", a phrase popularized by Philip Siekevitz in a 1957 ''Scientific American'' article of the same name. Some cells in some multicellular organisms lack mitochondria (for example, mature mammalian red blood cells). The multicellular animal ''Henneguya zschokkei, Henneguya salminicola'' is known to have retained mitochondrion-related organelles despite a complete loss of their mitochondrial genome. A large number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Nucleus
The cell nucleus (; : nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryote, eukaryotic cell (biology), cells. Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have #Anucleated_cells, no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have Multinucleate, many. The main structures making up the nucleus are the nuclear envelope, a double membrane that encloses the entire organelle and isolates its contents from the cellular cytoplasm; and the nuclear matrix, a network within the nucleus that adds mechanical support. The cell nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's genome. Nuclear DNA is often organized into multiple chromosomes – long strands of DNA dotted with various proteins, such as histones, that protect and organize the DNA. The genes within these chromosomes are Nuclear organization, structured in such a way to promote cell function. The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphelidium
''Aphelidium'' species are endoparasites of freshwater green algae. ''Aphelidium'' belongs to the phylum Aphelida, and is part of the Opisthosporidia, a former sister clade to Fungi.Karpov, S. A., Mamkaeva, M. A., Aleoshin, V. V., Nassonova, E., Lilje, O., Gleason, F. H. 2014: Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia. Front. Microbiol. The cells of ''Aphelidium'' are much smaller than the cells of its green algae host, which is protected by a robust cell wall. ''Aphelidium'' have evolved a remarkable life cycle to defeat host's defenses. The infection process for ''Aphelidium'' is notable for its method of entry. An ''Aphelidium'' cyst attached to a potential host will raise its internal pressure by expanding the posterior vacuole before using the sudden release of this pressure to defeat the host cell wall and jet itself into the host. As parasites of green algae, ''Aphelidium'' have import ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
