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Antabuse Effect
Disulfiram-alcohol reaction (DAR) is the effect of the interaction in the human body of alcohol drunk with disulfiram or some types of mushrooms. The DAR is key to disulfiram therapy that is widely used for alcohol-aversive treatment and management of other addictions (e.g. cocaine use). Once disulfiram-treated patients take Alcoholic beverage, alcohol, even in small doses, they experience strong unpleasant sensations (alcohol flush reaction, flush, nausea, lightheadedness, headache, sweating, vomiting, and vertigo). Disulfiram has been used to treat alcoholism since 1948 after its accidental discovery in Denmark. Pharmacology DAR symptoms usually begin within 5–15 minutes of the ingestion of alcohol by a patient who has taken disulfiram 3–12 hours before. Increased acetaldehyde content in blood is considered to be the cause of the toxic effect. Disulfiram inhibits several human aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), most importantly the version coded for by gene ALDH2 which met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxicology
Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants. The relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism is of high significance in toxicology. Factors that influence chemical toxicity include the dosage, duration of exposure (whether it is acute or chronic), route of exposure, species, age, sex, and environment. Toxicologists are experts on poisons and poisoning. There is a movement for evidence-based toxicology as part of the larger movement towards evidence-based practices. Toxicology is currently contributing to the field of cancer research, since some toxins can be used as drugs for killing tumor cells. One prime example of this is ribosome-inactivating proteins, tested in the treatment of leukemia. The word ''toxicology'' () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
