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Anil Madhavapeddy
Anil Madhavapeddy is the Professor of Planetary Computing at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, Department of Computer Science and Technology in the University of Cambridge, a Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge, and a J M Keynes Fellow. He is the Founding Director of the Cambridge Centre for Carbon Credits, aiming to distribute funds raised through the sale of carbon credits in a verifiable manner. Education Madhavapeddy graduated from Imperial College London in 1999, and obtained his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Cambridge in 2006 for research on programming languages and operating systems supervised by Andy Hopper and David Greaves. Research and Teaching Madhavapeddy is the author of Real World OCaml, the second edition of which was published in Oct 2022 by Cambridge University Press, with an earlier edition in 2013 by O'Reilly Media. RWO has been used as a text in computer science courses such as Princeton Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operating Systems
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common daemon (computing), services for computer programs. Time-sharing operating systems scheduler (computing), schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of Scheduling (computing), processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and other resources. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computerfrom cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers. , Android (operating system), Android is the most popular operating system with a 46% market share, followed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Programming
In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by Function application, applying and Function composition (computer science), composing Function (computer science), functions. It is a declarative programming paradigm in which function definitions are Tree (data structure), trees of Expression (computer science), expressions that map Value (computer science), values to other values, rather than a sequence of Imperative programming, imperative Statement (computer science), statements which update the State (computer science), running state of the program. In functional programming, functions are treated as first-class citizens, meaning that they can be bound to names (including local Identifier (computer languages), identifiers), passed as Parameter (computer programming), arguments, and Return value, returned from other functions, just as any other data type can. This allows programs to be written in a Declarative programming, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MirageOS
A unikernel is a type of computer program that is statically linked with the operating system code on which it depends. Unikernels are built with a specialized compiler that identifies the operating system services that a program uses and links it with one or more library operating systems that provide them. Such a program requires no separate operating system and can run instead as the guest of a hypervisor. The unikernel architecture builds on concepts developed by Exokernel and Nemesis in the late 1990s. Design In a library operating system, protection boundaries are pushed to the lowest hardware layers, resulting in: # a set of libraries that implement mechanisms such as those needed to drive hardware or talk network protocols; # a set of policies that enforce access control and isolation in the application layer. The library OS architecture has several advantages and disadvantages compared with conventional OS designs. One of the advantages is that since there is only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nature-based Solutions
Nature-based solutions (or nature-based systems, and abbreviated as NBS or NbS) describe the development and sustainable use, use of nature (biodiversity) and natural processes to address diverse social issue, socio-environmental issues. These issues include climate change Climate change mitigation, mitigation and Climate change adaptation, adaptation, human security issues such as water security and food security, and disaster risk reduction. The aim is that Ecological resilience, resilient ecosystems (whether natural, managed, or newly created) provide solutions for the benefit of both societies and biodiversity. The 2019 UN Climate Action Summit highlighted nature-based solutions as an effective method to combat climate change. For example, nature-based systems for climate change adaptation can include natural flood management, restoring natural coastal defences, and providing local cooling. The concept of NBS is related to the concept of ecological engineering and ecosystem-ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbon Credits
Carbon offsetting is a carbon trading mechanism that enables entities to compensate for offset greenhouse gas emissions by investing in projects that reduce, avoid, or remove emissions elsewhere. When an entity invests in a carbon offsetting program, it receives carbon credit or offset credit, which account for the net climate benefits that one entity brings to another. After certification by a government or independent certification body, credits can be traded between entities. One carbon credit represents a reduction, avoidance or removal of one metric tonne of carbon dioxide or its Global warming potential, carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e). A variety of greenhouse gas reduction projects can qualify for offsets and credits depending on the scheme. Some include forestry projects that avoid logging and plant saplings, renewable energy projects such as wind farms, biomass energy, biogas digesters, Hydroelectric Dams, hydroelectric dams, as well as Efficient energy use, energy ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Balmford
Andrew Balmford is a professor of conservation science at the University of Cambridge. His research focuses on planning conservation, comparing the costs and benefits of conservation and how conservation can be reconciled with other activities. Education and career Balmford studied for his undergraduate degree, and PhD at the University of Cambridge before becoming a research fellow at the university. He was then a research fellow at the Institute of Zoology before becoming a lecturer at Sheffield University. He returned to Cambridge in 1998 as a member of the zoology department. He is currently a fellow of Clare College and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2011. Research In 1993, along with two other researchers, he investigated why the tails of birds are shaped as they are, aiming to test Charles Darwin's hypothesis that females have a preference for males with longer and more ornate tails using aerodynamic analysis. They reported that shallow forked shaped tails ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srinivasan Keshav
Srinivasan Keshav is a computer scientist who is currently the Robert Sansom Professor of Computer Science at the University of Cambridge. Biography After undergraduate studies at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1986, he received his PhD in 1991 from the University of California, Berkeley, with a thesis entitled ''Congestion Control in Computer Networks''. His advisor was Domenico Ferrari.Curriculum vitae at Cornell University, retrieved 2010-01-28. He then joined the research staff at , where he also had visiting faculty positions at IIT Delhi and |
OCaml
OCaml ( , formerly Objective Caml) is a General-purpose programming language, general-purpose, High-level programming language, high-level, Comparison of multi-paradigm programming languages, multi-paradigm programming language which extends the Caml dialect of ML (programming language), ML with Object-oriented programming, object-oriented features. OCaml was created in 1996 by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez, and others. The OCaml toolchain includes an interactive top-level Interpreter (computing), interpreter, a bytecode compiler, an optimizing native code compiler, a reversible debugger, and a package managerOPAM together with a composable build system for OCamlDune. OCaml was initially developed in the context of automated theorem proving, and is used in static program analysis, static analysis and formal methods software. Beyond these areas, it has found use in systems programming, web development, and specific financial utili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Effect Systems
In computing, an effect system is a formal system that describes the computational effects of computer programs, such as side effects. An effect system can be used to provide a compile-time check of the possible effects of the program. The effect system extends the notion of type to have an "effect" component, which comprises an effect kind and a region. The effect kind describes ''what'' is being done, and the region describes ''with what'' (parameters) it is being done. An effect system is typically an extension of a type system. The term "type and effect system" is sometimes used in this case. Often, a type of a value is denoted together with its effect as ''type ! effect'', where both the type component and the effect component mention certain regions (for example, a type of a mutable memory cell is parameterized by the label of the memory region in which the cell resides). The term "algebraic effect" follows from the type system. Effect systems may be used to prove the exter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parallel Computing
Parallel computing is a type of computing, computation in which many calculations or Process (computing), processes are carried out simultaneously. Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which can then be solved at the same time. There are several different forms of parallel computing: Bit-level parallelism, bit-level, Instruction-level parallelism, instruction-level, Data parallelism, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but has gained broader interest due to the physical constraints preventing frequency scaling.S.V. Adve ''et al.'' (November 2008)"Parallel Computing Research at Illinois: The UPCRC Agenda" (PDF). Parallel@Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. "The main techniques for these performance benefits—increased clock frequency and smarter but increasingly complex architectures—are now hitting the so-called power wall. The computer industry has accepted that future performance inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACM Queue
ACM ''Queue'' (stylized ''acmqueue'') is a bimonthly computer magazine, targeted to software engineer Software engineering is a branch of both computer science and engineering focused on designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software applications. It involves applying engineering principles and computer programming expertise to develop ...s, published by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) since 2003. It publishes research articles as well as columns, interviews, and other types of content. The magazine is described as "the ACM's magazine for practicing software engineers written ''by'' engineers ''for'' engineers", as opposed to academic researchers. Its "goal ... is to bridge the academic and industrial sides of computer science and software engineering". Only articles from "specifically invited" authors are considered for publication, and there is a review process. However, unlike some other ACM publications, is not considered a peer-reviewed jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unikernel
A unikernel is a type of computer program that is static linking, statically linked with the operating system code on which it depends. Unikernels are built with a specialized compiler that identifies the operating system services that a program uses and links it with one or more Operating_system#Library, library operating systems that provide them. Such a program requires no separate operating system and can run instead as the guest of a hypervisor. The unikernel architecture builds on concepts developed by Exokernel and Nemesis (operating system), Nemesis in the late 1990s. Design In a library operating system, protection boundaries are pushed to the lowest hardware layers, resulting in: # a set of libraries that implement mechanisms such as those needed to drive hardware or talk network protocols; # a set of policies that enforce access control and isolation in the application layer. The library OS architecture has several advantages and disadvantages compared with convent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
