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Amrit Sanskar
Amrit Sanskar (, pronunciation: , lit. "nectar ceremony") is one of the four Sikh Samskara (rite of passage), Sanskaars. The Amrit Sanskar is the initiation rite introduced by Guru Gobind Singh when he founded the Khalsa in 1699. A Sikh who has been initiated into the Khalsa ('pure'; the Sikh brotherhood) is considered to be ''Amritdhari'' (baptised) () or ''Khalsa'' ('pure'). Those who undergo initiation are expected to dedicate themselves to ''Waheguru'' (Almighty God) and work toward the establishment of the Raj Karega Khalsa, Khalsa Raj. Names The Amrit Sanskar ceremony has many alternative names, such as ''Amrit Parchar'', ''Amrit Sanchar'', ''Khande di Pahul'', ''Khande Batte di Pahul'' (), or ''khande-baate da amrit''. History Charan-Pahul The original Sikh initiation ceremony, ever since the Guru Gaddi, guruship period of Guru Nanak, was known as ''Charan-Pahul'' (), ''Pagpahul'', or ''Charan Amrit'' (). It involved pouring water over the toes of the Sikh guru an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guru Gobind Singh Preparing Amrit
Guru ( ; International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ''guru'') is a Sanskrit term for a "mentor, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field. In pan-Indian religions, Indian traditions, a guru is more than a teacher: traditionally, the guru is a reverential figure to the disciple (or ''wikt:शिष्य, shisya'' in Sanskrit, literally ''seeker [of knowledge or truth'']) or student, with the guru serving as a "counsellor, who helps mould values, shares experiential knowledge as much as Knowledge#Hinduism, literal knowledge, an Role model, exemplar in life, an inspirational source and who helps in the spiritual evolution of a student". Whatever language it is written in, Judith Simmer-Brown says that a tantra, tantric spiritual text is often codified in an obscure twilight language so that it cannot be understood by anyone without the verbal explanation of a qualified teacher, the guru. A guru is also one's spiritual guide, who helps one to discover the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaisakhi
Vaisakhi, also known as Baisakhi or Mesadi, marks the first day of the month of Vaisakh and is traditionally celebrated annually on 13 April or sometimes 14 April. It is seen as a spring harvest celebration primarily in Punjab and Northern India. Whilst it is culturally significant in many parts of India as a festival of harvest, Vaisakhi is also the date for the Indian Solar New Year. However, Sikhs celebrate the new year on the first the month Chet, according to the Nanakshahi calendar. Historically, the festival of Vaisakhi was north India’s most important annual market. Although Vaisakhi began as a grain harvest festival for Hindus and its observance predates the creation of Sikhism, it gained historical association with the Sikhs following the inauguration of the Khalsa. For Sikhs, in addition to its significance as the harvest festival, during which Sikhs hold kirtans, visit local gurdwaras, community fairs, hold ''nagar kirtan'' processions, raise the Nishan Sahib f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Sahib Singh
Sahib Singh ( ; 17 June 1663 – 7 December 1704 or 1705) was one of the Panj Pyare (or the Five beloved ones). He was formerly known as Sahib Chand and was born into the Nai (caste), Nai caste (also transliterated as Naee) before being baptized into the Khalsa tradition. Biography Early life There are different versions of different scholars regarding the birth place and family members of Sahib Singh, although all accept the fact that he was born into a family of barbers. Early Sikh literature claims Sahib Singh was the reincarnation of Bhagat Sain. Birth Regarding birthplace: * The most popular and acceptable belief is that he was born in Bidar in present-day Karnataka. * As per Mahankosh, Bhai Sahib Singh was born at Nangal Shaheedan in 4, Harh Samvat 1722, District Hoshiarpur. Using the European calendar, this means he was born in 1665; he died in 1705. Family background Regarding father and mother name: * As per Mahankosh, He was born to Bishan Devi and Tulsi R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Mukham Singh
Mohkam Singh ( ; 6 June 1663 – 7 December 1704 or 1705), born Mohkam Chand (his given name is also transliterated as Muhkam or Mohkhum), was one of the inaugural group of Panj Pyare, or the first ''Five Beloved'' of honoured memory in the Sikh tradition. Biography Mohkam was born into the Chhimba caste and was the son of Tirath Chandi and Devi Bai, from Bet Dwarka (modern-day Gujarat, India). In about the year 1685, he came to Anandpur Sahib, Anandpur, then the seat of Guru Gobind Singh. He practised martial arts and took part in Sikhs battles with the surrounding hill chiefs and imperial troops. He was one of the five who offered their heads in response to Guru Gobind Singh's call on the Baisakhi day of 1699 and earned the appellation of Panj Pyare. Initiated into the order of the Khalsa, Mohkam Chand received the common surname of Singh and became Mohkam Singh. Bhai Mohkam Singh died in the battle of Chamkaur on 7 December 1704 or 1705 with Bhai Himmat Singh and Bhai Sahi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhai Daya Singh
Daya Singh ( ; born Daya Ram; 1661–1708) was one of the Panj Pyare, the first five Sikhs to be initiated into the Khalsa order in 17th-century India. Among the inaugural panj piare quintet, he is traditionally the highest-regarded as he was the first to answer the call for a sacrifice from the guru. Daya Singh was an educated Sikh, with literature being attributed to his authorship. Biography Early life He was born as Daya Ram in a Sudan SashwatBrahaman family in 1661 to Bhai Suddha and Mai Diali. His father, Suddha, was from Lahore and was a devout Sikh of Guru Tegh Bahadur. Suddha had visited the ninth guru's court in Anandpur on multiple occasions. In 1677, the family of Suddha, including his son Daya Ram and wife Diali, shifted permanently to Anandpur and sought the blessings of Guru Gobind Singh. While living in Anandpur, Daya Ram who had a background of education in Persian and Punjabi, pursued the study of martial arts, the classics, and gurbani. Later life Am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panj Piare
Panj Pyare (, ', the five beloved ones) refers to a gathered ad hoc quintet of five baptised (''Amritdhari'') Khalsa Sikhs who act as institutionalized leaders for the wider Sikh community. Function The Panj Pyare are convened for pressing matters in the Sikh community, covering both local and international issues. The constituent members of a Panj Piare quintet are selected based on meritocratic grounds. Ceremonies They are responsible for leading a Nagar Kirtan procession. The Panj Pyare are also responsible for carrying out the '' Amrit Sanchar'' ceremony of baptizing new members into the Khalsa order of Sikhism. Until the Vaisakhi of AD 1699, the Sikh initiation ceremony was known as ''Charan Pahul''. They are responsible for laying the cornerstone of newly built gurdwaras. Historical usage In a historical sense, the term is used to refer to a collective name given to five men − Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh, Bhai Himmat Singh, Bhai Mohkam Singh and Bhai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Arthur Macauliffe
Max Arthur MacAuliffe (11 September 1838 − 15 March 1913), originally known as Michael McAuliffe, was a senior British administrator, prolific scholar and author. MacAuliffe is renowned for his partial translation of Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib and history into English. Early life and education MacAuliffe was born in Ireland at Newcastle West, County Limerick, on 10 September 1841. He was educated at Newcastle School, Limerick, and Springfield College. He attended Queen's College Galway between 1857 and 1863, being awarded junior scholarships in the Literary Division of the Arts Faculty for 1857–58, 1858–59, and 1859–60. He was awarded a B.A. degree with first class honours in Modern Languages in 1860. He obtained a senior scholarship in Ancient Classics for 1860-1, and a senior scholarship in Modern Languages and History for 1861-62. He also served as Secretary of the college's Literary and Debating Society for the 1860–61 session. Career MacAuliffe entered t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dasam Granth
The ( Gurmukhi: ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ ''dasama gratha'') is a collection of various poetic compositions attributed to Guru Gobind Singh.Dasam Granth Encyclopædia Britannica, pages 2, 67 The text previously enjoyed an equal status with the Adi Granth, or Guru Granth Sahib, in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and were installed side by side on the same platform. The ''Dasam Granth'' lost favor during the colonial period when reformist Singh Sabha Movement scholars couldn't contextualize the reworkings of Puranic stories or the vast collection of 'Tale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaupai (Sikhism)
Kaviyo Bach Benti Chaupai (also referred to as Chaupai Sahib or simply as Benti Chaupai) (Gurmukhi: ਕਬਿਯੋਬਾਚ ਬੇਨਤੀ ਚੌਪਈ or ਚੌਪਈ ਸਾਹਿਬ) is a hymn by Guru Gobind Singh. Chaupai is the 405th ''Charitar'' of the Charitropakhyan composition contained within the Dasam Granth. It forms part of a Sikh's Nitnem (daily scripture reading) and is read during Amrit Sanchar ceremonies. Synopsis Chaupai Sahib is an extension of the 405th charitar, where two massive battles, including the latter between "Mahakal" and various demons, is narrated, as well as the struggle of the goddess that was born as a result of the first battle, and her quest for the acceptance of the Supreme Being, by her abandoning all other worldly desires, is illustrated. Structure Benti Chaupai consists of three parts: Kabiyo Bach Benti Chaupai, Arril, Chaupai, Savaiye, and Dohra. Kabiyo Bach Benti Chaupai is normally referred to as Chaupai in short. The Savai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anand Sahib
Anand Sahib (Gurmukhi: ਅਨੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ ''anada sāhiba'') is a collection of hymns in Sikhism, written in the Ramkali Raag by Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of the Sikhs. It appears on pages 917 to 922 in Guru Granth Sahib Ji. The word Anand means complete happiness. Synopsis The Anand Sahib is a part of the Nitnem (daily prayers) which are read by Amritdhari Sikhs before dawn. Anand Sahib is chanted at all the religious ceremonies of the Sikhs irrespective of the nature of the event. There are two versions of Anand Sahib: one which extends 40 pauries and one shorter version often called Chhota Anand Sahib which comprises the first five pauries and then skips to the last one. This shorter version of Anand Sahib is usually recited at the closing ceremonies before Ardas. The Chhota Anand Sahib is included at the end of Rehras Sahib. Anand Sahib, alongside ''Panj Granthi's'' (five chosen texts) Dakhni Oankar and Sidh Gosht are written in Raga Ramkali—the Raga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guru Amar Das
Guru Amar Das (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰ ਦਾਸ, pronunciation: ; 5 May 1479 – 1 September 1574), sometimes spelled as Guru Amardas, was the third of the Ten Gurus of Sikhism and became Sikh Guru on 26 March 1552 at age 73. Before becoming a Sikh (Shishya from Sanskrit), on a pilgrimage after having been prompted to search for a ''guru'', he heard his nephew's wife, Bibi Amro, reciting a hymn by Guru Nanak, and was deeply moved by it. Amro was the daughter of Guru Angad, the second Guru of the Sikhs. Amar Das persuaded Amro to introduce him to her father. In 1539, Amar Das, at the age of sixty, met Guru Angad and became a Sikh, devoting himself to the Guru. In 1552, before his death, Guru Angad appointed Amar Das as the third Guru of Sikhism. Guru Amar Das was an important innovator in the teachings of Guru who introduced a religious organization called the Manji (Sikhism), Manji system by appointing trained clergy, a system that expanded and survives into the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaap Sahib
Jaap Sahib (or Japu Sahib; , pronunciation: ) is the morning prayer of the Sikhs. The beaded prayers were composed by the Tenth Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh and is found at the start of the Sikh scripture Dasam Granth. This Bani is an important Sikh prayer, and is recited by the ''Panj Pyare'' while preparing ''Amrit'' on the occasion of '' Amrit Sanchar'' (initiation), a ceremony held to Amrit initiates into the Khalsa and it is a part of a Sikh's '' Nitnem'' (daily meditation). The ''Jaap Sahib'' is reminiscent of ''Japji Sahib'' composed by Guru Nanak, and both praise God. Meaning of ''jaap'' Following are some accepted meanings of ''jaap'': * The popular meanings of Jaap is ''to recite'', to repeat, or ''to chant''.S Deol (1998), Japji: The Path of Devotional Meditation, , page 11 * ''Jaap'' also means ''to understand''. Gurbani cites ''Aisa Giaan Japo Man Mere, Hovo Chakar Sache Kere'', where Jap word means to understand wisdom. ''Jaap'' is a Sanskrit word meaning "to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
