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Jaap Sahib (or Japu Sahib; , pronunciation: ) is the morning prayer of the
Sikh Sikhs (singular Sikh: or ; , ) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ''Si ...
s. The beaded prayers were composed by the Tenth Sikh Guru,
Guru Gobind Singh Guru Gobind Singh (; born Gobind Das; 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708) was the tenth and last human Sikh gurus, Sikh Guru. He was a warrior, poet, and philosopher. In 1675, at the age of nine he was formally installed as the leader of the ...
and is found at the start of the Sikh scripture Dasam Granth. This Bani is an important Sikh prayer, and is recited by the ''
Panj Pyare Panj Pyare (, ', the five beloved ones) refers to a gathered ad hoc quintet of five baptised (''Amritdhari'') Khalsa Sikhs who act as institutionalized leaders for the wider Sikh community. Function The Panj Pyare are convened for pressing ma ...
'' while preparing ''
Amrit Amrit (), the classical antiquity, classical Marathus (, ''Marathos''), was a Phoenicians, Phoenician port located near present-day Tartus in Syria. Founded in the third millenniumBC, Marat (, ) was the northernmost important city of ancient Ph ...
'' on the occasion of '' Amrit Sanchar'' (initiation), a ceremony held to Amrit initiates into the
Khalsa The term ''Khalsa'' refers to both a community that follows Sikhism as its religion,Khalsa: Sikhism< ...
and it is a part of a Sikh's '' Nitnem'' (daily meditation). The ''Jaap Sahib'' is reminiscent of ''
Japji Sahib ''Japji Sahib'' (, pronunciation: ) is the Sikh thesis, that appears at the beginning of the '' Guru Granth Sahib'' – the scripture of the Sikhs. ''Jap'' is the original name of the prayer and to show respect, it is called ''Jap ji Sahib''. I ...
'' composed by Guru Nanak, and both praise God.


Meaning of ''jaap''

Following are some accepted meanings of ''jaap'': * The popular meanings of Jaap is ''to recite'', to repeat, or ''to chant''.S Deol (1998), Japji: The Path of Devotional Meditation, , page 11 * ''Jaap'' also means ''to understand''. Gurbani cites ''Aisa Giaan Japo Man Mere, Hovo Chakar Sache Kere'', where Jap word means to understand wisdom. ''Jaap'' is a Sanskrit word meaning "to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations); to invoke or call upon in a low voice". ''Jaap Sahib'' is a rhythmic hymn composed like a necklace of pearls and gems, beauteously (beautifully) arranged around a string: the string is the Supreme God; the pearls and gems are His attributes, excellences, and glories. It basically helps reader do a daily Greetings to Waheguru in 199 verses, just like we do hello to each other. The glories sung by Guru Sahib revolve around the following attributes of God: *God is metaphysical, beyond time, Eternal, Unborn, Uncreated, Self-existent, and without form, feature, colour or contour. Therefore, neither can God be described or depicted, nor can anyone make an image or idols of that which is undefinable. *God's manifestations are universally pervasive. God cannot be confined to any particular place, land, country, religion, race, garb, body or name. *God is the Creator of the Universe and the laws governing it. Never can anyone be outside the ambit of these laws nor can anyone have the power to oppose them. God's Law and Justice is Righteous and Ultimate. *God's is pervasive in all that 'He' has created, yet God also extends beyond 'His' creations; God is thus Immanent in His Creation and at the same time Transcends it. *God is Omnipotent, Omnipresent, and Omniscient; nothing, whether good or evil, can happen outside of the Creator's Will; God is the Creator-Sustainer-Annuller of His Creation. God is the Life of life, the Death of death, the Darkness of darkness, the Light of light.


Content

The Jaap Sahib is a recitation and praise of God. It includes various names of God in various languages. Understand the fact that god has no name but is called by various names by devotees based on their experience and the blessings they have obtained from him. There is only one sole religion of humans - humanity, and the worldly path that we choose to understand the natural power, our source, source of creation - is called faith only. All faiths are rivers and are destined to merge into one great "Ocean - the lord, the light"; whatever you may call, think, believe or perceive.Amarjit Singh (1985), Concept of God in Jaap Sahib: An analytic study, Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, Vol. 4, Issue 1, pages 85–92


Form

''Jaap Sahib'' is made up of 199 verses and is the first Bani of the Dasam Granth (p. 1-10). The Jaap Sahib begins with the words: This line is clearly intended to authenticate Guru Gobind Singh Ji as the Author of the Dasam Granth. ''Jaap'' is a Sanskrit word which means "to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter (especially prayers or incantations); to invoke or call upon in a low voice." The form of the word here is ''Japu'', which makes it a noun, meaning "meditation on nothing but the Truth; ('God') (or The True God).


Language

The language of Jaap, is close to classical with words and compounds drawn from
Sanskrit Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural ...
, Brij Bhasha,
Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...
and
Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
. The contents of Jaap Sahib, are divided into various ''Chhands'' bearing the name of the related meter according to the then prevalent system of prosody in India.


Japji Sahib and Jaap Sahib

The Guru Granth Sahib starts with ''Japji Sahib'', while Dasam Granth starts with Jaap Sahib also called Japu Sahib.HS Singha (2009), The Encyclopedia of Sikhism, Hemkunt Press, , page 110 Guru Nanak is credited with the former, while Guru Gobind Singh is credited with the latter. The Jaap Sahib, unlike Japji Sahib, is composed in Braj bhasha, Sanskrit and Arabic, and with 199 stanzas, is longer than Japji Sahib. The Jaap Sahib is, like Japji Sahib, a praise of God as the unchanging, loving, unborn, ultimate power.


References


Bibliography

* * * Neki, Jaswant (2008). ''Basking in the Divine Presence - A Study of Jap Sahib.'' Amritsar: Singh Brothers. * Singh, Sahib (2003). ''Jaap Sahib Steek.'' Amritsar: Singh Brothers.


External links


Jaap SahibJaap Sahib Bani in PunjabiJaap Sahib Bani in Hindi

Jaap Sahib Bani in English
{{Guru Gobind Singh Sikh scripture Sikh prayer Dasam Granth Prayer beads