|
Amino Acid Transporter
An amino acid transporter is a membrane transport protein that transports amino acids. They are mainly of the solute carrier family. Families There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include: TC# 2.A.3- Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily TC# 2.A.18- Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family TC# 2.A.23- Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na+ or H+) Symporter (DAACS) Family TC# 2.A.26- Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family TC# 2.A.42- Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family TC# 2.A.78- Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family TC# 2.A.95- 6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family TC# 2.A.118- Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family TC# 2.A.120- Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family Solute carrier family examples * (1) high affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter * (3) heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters * (6) Bacterial Leucine Trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Membrane Transport Protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins, integral transmembrane proteins; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion, active transport, osmosis, or reverse diffusion. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized as either ''channels'' or ''carriers'' (a.k.a. transporters, or permeases). Examples of channel/carrier proteins include the GLUT1, GLUT 1 uniporter, sodium channels, and potassium channels. The Solute carrier family, solute carriers and atypical SLCs are secondary active or facilitative transporters in humans. Collectively membrane transporters and channels are known as the transportome. Transportomes govern cellular i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vesicular Amine Transporter
The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membranes of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons. It transports monoamine neurotransmitters – such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine – into the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters into synapses, as chemical messages to postsynaptic neurons. VMATs utilize a proton gradient generated by V-ATPases in vesicle membranes to power monoamine import. Pharmaceutical drugs that target VMATs have possible applications for many conditions, leading to a plethora of biological research, including hypertension, drug addiction, psychiatric disorders, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Many drugs that target VMATs act as inhibitors and alter the kinetics of the protein. Much research regarding the effects of altered VMATs on biological systems is still ongoing. Monoamines Monoamines transported by VMATs are mainly noradrenaline, adrenaline, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC38A3
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC38A3'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC38A2
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC38A2'' gene. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC38A1
Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC38A1'' gene. Amino acid transporters play essential roles in the uptake of nutrients, production of energy, chemical metabolism, detoxification, and neurotransmitter cycling. SLC38A1 is an important transporter of glutamine, an intermediate in the detoxification of ammonia and the production of urea. Glutamine serves as a precursor for the synaptic transmitter, glutamate Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; known as glutamate in its anionic form) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a Essential amino acid, non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that ... (Gu et al., 2001). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> References Further reading * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{gene-12-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC36A2
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ''SLC36A2'' gene. Function SLC36A2 transports small amino acids (glycine, alanine, and proline) and also the D-enantiomers and select amino acid derivatives, such as gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, γ-aminobutyric acid) is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the developmentally mature mammalian central nervous system. Its principal role is reducing neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. GA .... Clinical significance Mutations in the SLC36A2 gene are associated with Iminoglycinuria. See also * Proton coupled amino acid transporter References Further reading * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{gene-5-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC36A1
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC36A1'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the eukaryote-specific amino acid/auxin permease (AAAP) 1 transporter family. The encoded protein functions as a proton-dependent, small amino acid transporter. This gene is clustered with related family members on chromosome 5q33.1. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO ... * Proton coupled amino acid transporter References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SLC32A1
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SLC32A1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine uptake into synaptic vesicles. The encoded protein is a member of amino acid/polyamine transporter family II. See also * Solute carrier family The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * Solute carrier family Neurotransmitter transporters {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System A & N, Sodium-coupled Neutral Amino Acid Transporter
A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. A system, surrounded and influenced by its environment, is described by its boundaries, structure and purpose and is expressed in its functioning. Systems are the subjects of study of systems theory and other systems sciences. Systems have several common properties and characteristics, including structure, function(s), behavior and interconnectivity. Etymology The term ''system'' comes from the Latin word ''systēma'', in turn from Greek ''systēma'': "whole concept made of several parts or members, system", literary "composition"."σύστημα" , Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, '' |
