An amino acid transporter is a
membrane transport protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins, integral transmembr ...
that transports
amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 a ...
s. They are mainly of the
solute carrier family
The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO ...
.
Families
There are several families that function in amino acid transport, some of these include:
TC# 2.A.3-
Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily
TC# 2.A.18-
Amino Acid/Auxin Permease (AAAP) Family
TC# 2.A.23- Dicarboxylate/Amino Acid:Cation (Na
+ or H
+) Symporter (DAACS) Family
TC# 2.A.26-
Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter (LIVCS) Family
TC# 2.A.42-
Hydroxy/Aromatic Amino Acid Permease (HAAAP) Family
TC# 2.A.78-
Branched Chain Amino Acid Exporter (LIV-E) Family
TC# 2.A.95-
6TMS Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (NAAT) Family
TC# 2.A.118-
Basic Amino Acid Antiporter (ArcD) Family
TC# 2.A.120-
Putative Amino Acid Permease (PAAP) Family
Solute carrier family examples
* (1)
high affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter
* (3)
heavy subunits of heteromeric amino acid transporters
* (6)
Bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT)
* (7)
cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated
* (15)
proton oligopeptide cotransporter
* (17)
vesicular glutamate transporter
* (18)
vesicular amine transporter
* (25) some
mitochondrial carrier
Mitochondrial carriers are proteins from solute carrier family 25 which transfer molecules across the membranes of the mitochondria. Mitochondrial carriers are also classified in thTransporter Classification Database The Mitochondrial Carrier (MC ...
s
* (26)
multifunctional anion exchanger
* (32) ''vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter''
* (36)
proton-coupled amino acid transporter
* (38)
System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter
VIAAT
Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) is responsible for the storage of GABA and glycine in neuronal synaptic vesicles.
[ esicular Inhibitory Amino Acid Transporter Is Present in Glucagon-Containing Secretory Granules in TC6 Cells, Mouse Clonal -Cells, and -Cells of Islets of LangerhansDiabetes 52:2066-2074, 2003]
Human proteins containing this domain
SLC32A1;
SLC36A1;
SLC36A2;
SLC36A3;
SLC36A4;
SLC38A1;
SLC38A2;
SLC38A3;
SLC38A4;
SLC38A5;
SLC38A6.
See also
*
Solute carrier family
The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO ...
*
Amino acid transport
*
Amino acid transport, acidic
*
Amino acid transport, basic
*
Amino acid transport disorder
*
Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. Only these 22 a ...
*
Transporter Classification Database
The Transporter Classification Database (or TCDB) is an International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB)-approved classification system for membrane transport proteins, including ion channels.
Classification
The upper level of cla ...
References
{{Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators
Solute carrier family