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Amber Lager
Lager (; ) is a Type of beer, style of beer brewed and Brewing#Conditioning, conditioned at low temperature. Lagers can be Pale lager, pale, Amber lager, amber, or Dark lager, dark. Pale lager is the most widely consumed and commercially available style of beer. The term "''lager''" comes from the German word for "storage", as the beer was stored before drinking, traditionally in the same cool caves in which it was fermented. As well as maturation in Refrigeration, cold storage, most lagers are distinguished by the use of ''Saccharomyces pastorianus'', a "bottom-fermenting" yeast that ferments at relatively cold temperatures. Etymology Until the 19th century, the German language, German word ''Lagerbier'' (:de:Lagerbier, de) referred to all types of top and bottom fermenting yeast, bottom-fermented, cool-conditioned beer in normal strengths. In Germany today, it mainly refers to beers from southern Germany, either "''Helles''" (pale) or "''Dunkel#Munich Dunkel, Dunkles''" (da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bitburger Glass
Bitburger Brewery (Bitburger Brauerei Th. Simon GmbH) is a large German brewery in Bitburg, Rhineland-Palatinate. Founded in 1817 by Johann Wallenborn, its Pilsner is the third best-selling in Germany, and the nation's top-selling draught beer. History Johann Peter Wallenborn (1784–1839) founded the brewery in Bitburg in 1817 at the age of 33. His father owned a brewery in Kyllburg. Three years after Wallenborn's death in 1839, Ludwig Bertrand Simon (1813–1869) married Wallenborn's daughter Elisabeth (1819–1891) and became owner of the brewery, naming it Simonbräu. Their son, Theobald Simon (1847–1924), took over the brewery in 1876 at the age of 29. Product range Bitburger is a 4.8% abv Pilsner with annual sales of . It is a popular beer throughout western Germany, and is favored in many areas of North Rhine Westphalia even over Alt beer or Kölsch, which are popular in Düsseldorf and Cologne. In Germany, there are also variations of the original beer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hops
Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant ''Humulus lupulus'', a member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants. They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring, and stability agent in beer, to which, in addition to bitterness, they impart floral, fruity, or citrus flavours and aromas. Hops are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hops plants have separate female and male plants, and only female plants are used for commercial production. The hop plant is a vigorous climbing herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and United States) when grown commercially. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers around the world, with different types used for particular styles of beer. The first documented use of hops in beer is from the 9th century, though Hildegard of Bingen, 300 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Burke (science Historian)
James Burke (born 22 December 1936) is a broadcaster, science historian, author, and television producer. He was one of the main presenters of the BBC1 science series '' Tomorrow's World'' from 1965 to 1971 and created and presented the television series '' Connections'' (1978), and its more philosophical sequel '' The Day the Universe Changed'' (1985), about the history of science and technology. ''The Washington Post'' has called him "one of the most intriguing minds in the Western world". Early life Burke was born in Derry, Northern Ireland. During World War II he was evacuated to Downhill, County Londonderry where he lived between the ages of 4 and 9. When his father returned home after the war, the family moved to Kent, England, where James Burke attended Maidstone Grammar School. He then served in the Royal Air Force (RAF) from 1955 to 1957 before being accepted at Jesus College, Oxford, where he studied Middle English, obtaining BA and MA degrees. Personal life B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is any of various types of cooling of a space, substance, or system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one (while the removed heat is ejected to a place of higher temperature).IIR International Dictionary of Refrigeration, http://dictionary.iifiir.org/search.php ASHRAE Terminology, https://www.ashrae.org/technical-resources/free-resources/ashrae-terminology Refrigeration is an artificial, or human-made, cooling method. Refrigeration refers to the process by which energy, in the form of heat, is removed from a low-temperature medium and transferred to a high-temperature medium. This work of energy transfer is traditionally driven by work (physics), mechanical means (whether ice or electromechanics, electromechanical machines), but it can also be driven by heat, magnetism, electricity, laser cooling, laser, or other means. Refrigeration has many applications, including household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
The (; ''FAZ''; "Frankfurt General Newspaper") is a German newspaper founded in 1949. It is published daily in Frankfurt and is considered a newspaper of record for Germany. Its Sunday edition is the ''Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung'' (; ''FAS''). The paper runs its own network of correspondents. Its editorial policy is not determined by a single editor, but cooperatively by four editors. History The first edition of the ''FAZ'' appeared on 1 November 1949; its founding editors were Hans Baumgarten, Erich Dombrowski, Karl Korn, Paul Sethe and Erich Welter. Welter acted as editor until 1980. Some editors had worked for the moderate '' Frankfurter Zeitung'', which had been banned in 1943. However, in their first issue, the ''FAZ'' editorial expressly refuted the notion of being the earlier paper's successor, or of continuing its legacy: Until 30 September 1950, the ''FAZ'' was printed in Mainz. Traditionally, many of the headlines in the ''FAZ'' were styled in bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beer Garden
A beer garden (German: ''Biergarten'') is an outdoor area in which beer and food are served, typically at shared tables shaded by trees. Beer gardens originated in Bavaria, of which Munich is the capital city, in the 19th century, and remain common in Southern Germany. They are usually attached to a brewery, beer hall, Public house, pub, or restaurant. History Facilities of this kind existed for example in Bamberg since 1605 under the German term :de:Bierkeller, "Bierkeller" ("Beer cellars"). At that time, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg, Archdiocese of Bamberg was directly subordinated to Rome and not yet to the Duchy of Bavaria. Hence, the first "Biergarten" in the strict sense of the term and of the decree of 1812 by the Kingdom of Bavaria developed at the beginning of 19th century in Munich. While it is unknown which brewery was first, it was likely one of Munich's big six: Löwenbräu, Hofbräuhaus, Augustinerbräu, Paulaner, Hacker-Pschorr and Spaten. Sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aesculus Hippocastanum
''Aesculus hippocastanum'', the horse chestnut, is a species of flowering plant in the maple, Sapindus, soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae. It is a large, deciduous, synoecious (hermaphroditic-flowered) tree. It is also called horse-chestnut, European horsechestnut, buckeye, and conker tree. It is not to be confused with the sweet chestnut or Spanish chestnut, ''Castanea sativa'', which is a tree in another family, Fagaceae. Description ''Aesculus hippocastanum'' is a large tree, growing to about tall with a domed crown of stout branches. On old trees, the outer branches are often pendulous with curled-up tips. The leaf, leaves are opposite and palmately compound, with 5–7 leaflets long, making the whole leaf up to across, with a petiole. The leaf scars left on twigs after the leaves have fallen have a distinctive horseshoe shape, complete with seven "nails". The flowers are usually white with a yellow to pink blotch at the base of the petals; they are produced in spri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia (), sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, medieval and History of the Czech lands, early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the predecessor state of the modern Czech Republic. The Kingdom of Bohemia was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire. The List of Bohemian monarchs, Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia itself, also ruled other Lands of the Bohemian Crown, lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria. The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century by the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Hol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saccharomyces Eubayanus
''Saccharomyces eubayanus'', a cryotolerant (cold tolerant) type of yeast, is most likely the parent of the lager brewing yeast, ''Saccharomyces pastorianus''.. Lager is a type of beer created from malted barley and fermented at low temperatures, originally in Bavaria. ''S. eubayanus'' was first discovered in Patagonia, possibly being an example of Columbian exchange, and is capable of fermenting glucose, along with the disaccharide maltose at reduced temperatures. History With the emergence of lager beer in the 14th century, S. ''eubayanus'' was considered to be the progenitor of S. ''pastorianus'' along with S. ''cerevisiae''. Since 1985 the non-''cerevisiae'' ancestor has been contentiously debated between S. ''eubayanus'', and S. ''bayanus'' which "is not found outside the brewing environment". Upon the 2011 discovery of S. ''eubayanus'' in Argentina and consequential genome analysis, S. ''eubayanus'' was found to be 99% genetically identical to S. ''pastorianus'' and S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilsener Urquell Hohes Glas
Pilsner (also pilsener or simply pils) is a type of pale lager. It takes its name from the Bohemian city of Plzeň (), where the world's first pale lager (now known as Pilsner Urquell) was produced in 1842 by Pilsner Urquell Brewery. History Origin The city of Plzeň was granted brewing rights in 1307. Until the mid-1840s, most Bohemian beers were top-fermented. The Pilsner Urquell Brewery, originally called in (, ), is where Pilsen beer was first brewed. Brewers had begun aging beer made with cool fermenting yeasts in caves (lager, i.e., tored, which improved the beer's clarity and shelf-life. Part of this research benefited from the knowledge already expounded on in a book (printed in German in 1794, in Czech in 1799) written by Czech brewer () (1753–1805) from Brno. The Plzeň brewery recruited the Bavarian brewer Josef Groll (1813–1887) who, using the local ingredients, produced the first batch of pale lager on 5 October 1842. The combination of Plzeň's remark ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of European mainland, the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of List of islands of the United Kingdom, the smaller islands within the British Isles, covering . Northern Ireland shares Republic of Ireland–United Kingdom border, a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. It maintains sovereignty over the British Overseas Territories, which are located across various oceans and seas globally. The UK had an estimated population of over 68.2 million people in 2023. The capital and largest city of both England and the UK is London. The cities o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
