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Altai Languages
Altai or Altay () is a set of Turkic languages spoken officially in the Altai Republic, Russia. The standard vocabulary is based on the Southern Altai language, though it is also taught to and used by speakers of the Northern Altai language as well. Gorno–Altai refers to a subgroup of languages in the Altai Mountains. The languages were called Oyrot (ойрот) prior to 1948. Altai is spoken primarily in the Altai Republic. There is a small community of speakers in the neighbouring Altai Krai as well. Classification Due to its isolated position in the Altai Mountains and contact with surrounding languages, the exact classification of Altai within the Turkic languages has often been disputed. Because of its geographic proximity to the Shor language, Shor and Khakas language, Khakas languages, some classifications place it in a Northern Turkic subgroup. Due to certain similarities with Kyrgyz language, Kyrgyz, it has been grouped as the Kyrgyz–Kipchak subgroup with the Kypcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khakas Language
Khakas, also known as Xakas, is a Turkic language spoken by the Khakas, who mainly live in the southwestern Siberian Republic of Khakassia, in Russia. The Khakas number 61,000, of whom 29,000 speak the Khakas language. Most Khakas speakers are bilingual in Russian. Dialects Traditionally, the Khakas language is divided into several closely related dialects, which take their names from the different tribes: , , Koybal, Beltir, and Kyzyl. In fact, these names represent former administrative units rather than tribal or linguistic groups. The people speaking all these dialects simply referred to themselves as ''Тадар'' (Tadar, i.e. Tatar). The Khakas language also has a dialect named Kamas Turk (or Kamas Turkic), which according to the UNESCO ''Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger'' has been extinct since the 1950s. History and documentation The people who speak the Fuyu Kyrgyz language originated in the Yenisei region of Siberia but were relocated into the Dzun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelkan Language
Chelkan (also Chalkan, Chalqandu) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia by 648 Chelkans. The Chelkans The Chelkans are sometimes called "Lebeds" (, ), of the name of the river which runs through the Altai Republic, or Qu'Kiji. In the 2002 Russian census, their population rose to 855 people. Classification Chelkan is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages, are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification scheme presented by Lars Johanson (1998). All languages of the branch combined have .... It is considered to be a dialect of Northern Altai. The Chelkan, aside from knowing Chelkan, can also understand Tubalar and Kumandin, which comprise the Northern Altai language. Phonology Consonants The word-final guttural phonemes of Chelkan are more stable then in literary Altai, for example Chelkan versus literary 'mountain'. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubalar Language
The Tuba-Kiji, Tubalar or Tuba language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ..., by the Tuba-Kiji, who are sometimes called "Black Tatars" () or Tubalars. Classification The language is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages. It is considered to be a Northern Altai dialect. However, this classification is disputed, and it may be a Kipchak language. The Tubalars, aside from knowing Tubalar, also can understand Chelkan and Kumandin. Orthography In 2010, a Russian-Tubalar phrasebook was published, with the following orthography: Notes and references Sources * (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., ''Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи)'', Северные диалекты ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleut Language
Teleut is a moribund Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Southern Altai, but also as its own language. Since 2000, the Russian government has officially recognized it as a distinct language. It was the basis for the Altai literary language before 1917. Classification The language is classed in the Kipchak languages by Novgorodov et al (2018). It is considered to be a dialect of Southern Altai, with the Telengit dialect or language and the literary form of Altai. Phonology Teleut has 8 vowels: Orthography In the 1840s, missionaries devised various alphabets to write Teleut to create Church materials for the Teleuts. A compilation of the orthographies is listed below: The current orthography of Teleut is as follows: Notes and references Sources * (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., ''Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи)'', Северные диалекты алтаиского ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telengit Language
Telengit is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia by the Telengits. It is widespread in the Kosh-Agach and Ulagan districts of the Altai Republic. The Telengit are also known as the Telengit-kiji or Chui-kiji. Classification It is classified as a Siberian Turkic language. It is considered to be a dialect of the Southern Altai language Southern Altai (also known as Oirot, Oyrot, Altai and Altai proper) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic, a federal subject of Russia located in Southern Siberia on the border with Mongolia and China. The language has some mutual i ..., along with the Teleut and the literary varieties. Dialects The Telengit language can be divided into two main dialects, the Telengit-Teles and Chui dialects. The Telengit-Teles dialect can be subdivided in to the following subdialects: *Balyktuyul *Kara-Kudyur *Chibilin *Saratan-Yazulin **Saratan **Yuzulin *Cholushman *Chibit The Chui dialect can be subdivided in to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kumandin Language
The Kumandin language is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia, spoken by the Kumandins, who name themselves "Kumandi-Kiji". It was formerly counted as a dialect of Altai, but it is more modernly seen as a separate language, with differing curricula from it and Chelkan, which also comprises the Northern Altai language Northern Altai or Northern Altay is a collective name for several tribal moribund Turkic dialects spoken in the Altai Republic of Russia. Though traditionally considered one language, Southern Altai and the Northern varieties are not fully mut .... Classification Kumandin is classed in the Siberian Turkic branch of the Turkic languages. It is considered as a dialect of Northern Altai. The Kumandin subgroup of the Altai can understand Tubalar and Chelkan, aside from Kumandin. Phonology Consonants Vowels Orthography During the Latinisation period in the Soviet Union, a Latin-based script was developed for the Kumandin l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic
The Cyrillic script ( ) is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia, and used by many other minority languages. , around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets. The Early Cyrillic alphabet was developed during the 9th century AD at the Preslav Literary School in the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Tsar Simeon I the Great, probably by the disciples of the two Byzantine brothers Cyril and Methodius, who had previously created the Gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Chulym Dialect
Lower Chulym is a Turkic dialect of Chulym formerly spoken by the Chulyms on the lower course of the Chulym river and its tributaries, the Kiya and the Yaya in Russia. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor, due to similarities. Research When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than . In the 1990s, their Russification was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct. Classification Lower Chulym is classified in the Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of Chulym, together with . However, this question is still open. It is sometimes classed with Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of Proto-Turkic ''-d-'' as , for example proto-Turkic 'leg' as 'leg', versus Middle Chulym . It also bears si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talât Tekin
Mehmet Talât Tekin (July 16, 1927, , Dilovası - November 28, 2015, Bodrum) was a Turkish linguist, Turkologist, researcher and writer who made important contributions to Turkology, the study of Old Turkic inscriptions, and Altaistics. Biography Tekin was born on July 16, 1927, to İsmail and Fatımatüzzehra Tekin in the district of Gebze (now a district of Dilovası). He attended primary school at Tavşancıl Primary School, junior high at Üsküdar Paşakapısı Junior High School, and attended high school at Haydarpaşa High School, graduating in 1945. In 1946 entered Istanbul University and studied in the Department of Turkish Language and Literature, receiving his degree in 1951. Between 1951 and 1957, Tekin taught at various high schools and performed military service in Kırklareli. In 1961 Tekin was appointed as a research assistant in the Near Eastern Languages Department at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he began his doctoral studies with Janós ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
