Lower Chulym is a
Turkic dialect of
Chulym formerly spoken by the
Chulyms on the lower course of the
Chulym river and its tributaries, the
Kiya
Kiya was one of the wives of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten. Little is known about her, and her actions and roles are poorly documented in the historical record, in contrast to those of Akhenaten's 'Great royal wife', Nefertiti. Her unusual nam ...
and the
Yaya in
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...
. It went extinct in 2011. It is sometimes grouped with
Northern Altai and the
Kondoma dialect of
Shor, due to similarities.
Research
When the Russian researcher Dulzon began to study Lower Chulym in the 1940s, the Lower Chulym Turks numbered no more than . In the 1990s, their
Russification
Russification (), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians adopt Russian culture and Russian language either voluntarily or as a result of a deliberate state policy.
Russification was at times ...
was nearly complete. The language is today, with no doubt, extinct.
Classification
Lower Chulym is classified in the
Siberian group of Turkic languages. Russian linguists consider it to be a dialect of
Chulym, together with . However, this question is still open.
It is sometimes classed with
Northern Altai and the Kondoma dialect of
Shor in a Northern Altai group. This is due to the Lower Chulym reflex of
Proto-Turkic
Proto-Turkic is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Turkic languages that was spoken by the Proto-Turks before their divergence into the various Turkic peoples. Proto-Turkic separated into Oghur (western) and Common Tu ...
''-d-'' as , for example proto-Turkic 'leg' as 'leg', versus Middle Chulym . It also bears similarities with the Tom and
Baraba dialects of
Siberian Tatar.
A third Turkic variety,
Küärik, was spoken in the
Chulym basin, north of
Mariinsk. It is known from the work of
Radloff, which comes from around 1900. This dialect, which had disappeared by the time of Dulzon in 1940, was considered by Radloff to be identical to Lower Chulym.
Phonology
Key: K - Küärik, LC - Lower Chulym
Vocabulary
The words for the numerals 80 and 90 are and , in contrast to and for the rest of the Northern Altai group, being an
isogloss
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistics, linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature. Isoglosses are a ...
with
Khalaj, Middle Chulym,
Kipchak (except for
Southern Altai),
Karluk and
Oghuz.
References
Sources
*
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External links
*
Siberian Turkic languages
Agglutinative languages
{{Turkic-lang-stub