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Alexander Panteleimonovich Grammatin
Alexander Panteleimonovich Grammatin (Russian: Александр Пантелеймонович Грамматин; January 6, 1931, in Leningrad – August 28, 2014, in St. Petersburg) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of computational optics, the developer of the theory and author of the first national program for the automated calculation of computer parameters of optical systems by criteria of image quality. He was the Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, the USSR State Prize laureate (1977) and holder of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1983). Biography He was born on January 6, 1931, in Leningrad, in the family of a civil engineer. During the Siege of Leningrad period, he studied at school, in 1945, Grammatin attended the Leningrad Military Mechanical College, which he graduated with honors in 1949. Since 1948, he worked in the Optical Computing Office of the Optical and Mechanical Plant No. 357 "Progress". He rose from the rank ...
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Leningrad
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, with a population of roughly 5.4 million residents. Saint Petersburg is the List of European cities by population within city limits, fourth-most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow and London, the List of cities and towns around the Baltic Sea, most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's List of northernmost items#Cities and settlements, northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a Ports of the Baltic Sea, historically strategic port, it is governed as a Federal cities of Russia, federal city. ...
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Collaboration
Collaboration (from Latin ''com-'' "with" + ''laborare'' "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal. Collaboration is similar to cooperation. Most collaboration requires leadership, although the form of leadership can be social within a decentralized and egalitarian group.Spence, Muneera U. ''"Graphic Design: Collaborative Processes = Understanding Self and Others."'' (lecture) Art 325: Collaborative Processes. Fairbanks Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. 13 April 2006See also. Teams that work collaboratively often access greater resources, recognition and rewards when facing competition for finite resources. Caroline S. Wagner and Loet Leydesdorff. Globalisation in the network of science in 2005: The diffusion of international collaboration and the formation of a core group.'' Structured methods of collaboration encourage introspection of behavior and communication ...
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Soviet Computer Scientists
This list of Russian information technology, IT developers includes the hardware engineers, computer scientists and programmers from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. See also :Russian computer scientists and :Russian computer programmers. Alphabetical list __NOTOC__ A *Georgy Adelson-Velsky, inventor of AVL tree algorithm, developer of Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion) *Andrey Andreev, creator of Badoo, one of the world's largest dating sites, and the 10th largest social network in the world *Vladimir Arlazarov, DBS Ines, developer of Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion) B *Boris Babayan, developer of the Elbrus (computer), Elbrus-series supercomputers, founder of Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) *Alexander Brudno, described the Alpha-beta pruning, alpha-beta (α-β) search algorithm *Nikolay Brusentsov, inventor of ternary computer (Setun) C *Andrei Chernov, one of the founders of the Internet in Russia ...
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2014 Deaths
This is a list of deaths of notable people, organised by year. New deaths articles are added to their respective month (e.g., Deaths in ) and then linked here. 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 See also * Lists of deaths by day * Deaths by year {{DEFAULTSORT:deaths by year ...
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1931 Births
Events January * January 2 – South Dakota native Ernest Lawrence invents the cyclotron, used to accelerate particles to study nuclear physics. * January 4 – German pilot Elly Beinhorn begins her flight to Africa. * January 22 – Sir Isaac Isaacs is sworn in as the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. * January 25 – Mohandas Gandhi is again released from imprisonment in India. * January 27 – Pierre Laval forms a government in France. February * February 4 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gives a speech calling for rapid industrialization, arguing that only strong industrialized countries will win wars, while "weak" nations are "beaten". Stalin states: "We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us." The first five-year plan in the Soviet Union is intensified, for the industrialization and collectivization of agriculture. * February 10 – Official ...
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Russian Computer Scientists
This list of Russian IT developers includes the hardware engineers, computer scientists and programmers from the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. See also :Russian computer scientists and :Russian computer programmers. Alphabetical list __NOTOC__ A * Georgy Adelson-Velsky, inventor of AVL tree algorithm, developer of Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion) * Andrey Andreev, creator of Badoo, one of the world's largest dating sites, and the 10th largest social network in the world *Vladimir Arlazarov, DBS Ines, developer of Kaissa (the first World Computer Chess Champion) B *Boris Babayan, developer of the Elbrus-series supercomputers, founder of Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) *Alexander Brudno, described the alpha-beta (α-β) search algorithm * Nikolay Brusentsov, inventor of ternary computer (Setun) C *Andrei Chernov, one of the founders of the Russian Internet and the creator of the KOI8-R character encoding ...
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Medal "In Commemoration Of The 300th Anniversary Of Saint Petersburg"
The Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg" (russian: Медаль «В память 300-летия Санкт-Петербурга») is a state commemorative medal of the Russian Federation established on February 19, 2003, by Presidential Decree No. 210 to denote the 300th anniversary of the foundation of the city of St Petersburg, known as Leningrad during the Soviet Era. Medal statute The Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg" is awarded to participants of the wartime defence of Leningrad, persons awarded a medal for the defence of Leningrad; residents who were blockaded in Leningrad; wartime workers who worked during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 years in Leningrad and who were awarded state awards; citizens who were previously awarded the Medal "In Commemoration of the 250th Anniversary of Leningrad"; citizens who have made a significant contribution to the development of the city of St. Petersburg. ...
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Order Of The Badge Of Honour
The Order of the Badge of Honour (russian: орден «Знак Почёта», orden "Znak Pochyota") was a civilian award of the Soviet Union. It was established on 25 November 1935, and was conferred on citizens of the USSR for outstanding achievements in production, scientific research and social, cultural and other forms of social activity; for promotion of economic, scientific, technological, cultural and other ties between the USSR and other countries; and also for significant contribution to basic and applied research. The order was awarded 1,574,368 times. The "Order of the Badge of Honour" was replaced by the "Order of Honour" (russian: Орден Почёта) by a Decree of the Presidium of the USSR on 28 December 1988. Following the USSR dissolution, it was replaced by the " Order of Honour" of the Russian Federation, established by Presidential Decree no. 442 of 2 March 1994.Ельцин, Б.Н. (2 марта 1993 г.)"Указ Президента России� ...
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Magazine
A magazine is a periodical publication, generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, purchase price, prepaid subscriptions, or by a combination of the three. Definition In the technical sense a '' journal'' has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Thus '' Business Week'', which starts each issue anew with page one, is a magazine, but the ''Journal of Business Communication'', which continues the same sequence of pagination throughout the coterminous year, is a journal. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed, for example the '' Journal of Accountancy''. Non-peer-reviewed academic or professional publications are generally ''professional magazines''. That a publication calls itself a ''journal'' does not make it a journal in the technical sense; '' The Wall Street Journal'' is actually a newspaper. Etymology The word "magazine" derives from Arabi ...
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Optics And Spectroscopy
''Optics and Spectroscopy'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is the English version of the Russian journal ' (') that was established in 1956. The journal was aided in development by Patricia Wakeling through a grant to her from the National Science Foundation. It covers research on spectroscopy of electromagnetic waves In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) lig ..., from radio waves to X-rays, and related topics in optics, including quantum optics. External links * Optics journals Spectroscopy journals Science and technology in Russia Science and technology in the Soviet Union Academic journals established in 1956 Monthly journals English-language journals {{spectroscopy-journal-stub ...
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Editorial Board
The editorial board is a group of experts, usually at a publication, who dictate the tone and direction the publication's editorial policy will take. Mass media At a newspaper, the editorial board usually consists of the editorial page editor, and editorial writers. Some newspapers include other personnel as well. Editorial boards for magazines may include experts in the subject area that the magazine focuses on, and larger magazines may have several editorial boards grouped by subject. An executive editorial board may oversee these subject boards, and usually includes the executive editor and representatives from the subject focus boards. Editorial boards meet on a regular basis to discuss the latest news and opinion trends and discuss what the newspaper should say on a range of issues. They will then decide who will write what editorials and for what day. When such an editorial appears in a newspaper, it is considered the institutional opinion of that newspaper. At some newspa ...
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