Alexander Panteleimonovich Grammatin (Russian: Александр Пантелеймонович Грамматин; January 6, 1931, in

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

– August 28, 2014, in

St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

) was a Soviet and Russian scientist in the field of computational optics, the developer of the theory and author of the first national program for the automated calculation of computer parameters of optical systems by criteria of image quality. He was the Doctor of Technical Sciences, professor, the

USSR State Prize The USSR State Prize () was one of the Soviet Union’s highest civilian honours, awarded from its establishment in September 1966 until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. It recognised outstanding contributions in the fields of science, mathem ...

laureate In English, the word laureate has come to signify eminence or association with literary awards or Military awards and decorations, military glory. It is also used for recipients of the Nobel Prize, the Gandhi Peace Award, the Student Peace Pri ...

(1977) and holder of the Prize of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1983).

Biography

He was born on January 6, 1931, in

, in the family of a civil engineer. During the

Siege of Leningrad The siege of Leningrad was a Siege, military blockade undertaken by the Axis powers against the city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) in the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front of World War II from 1941 t ...

period, he studied at school, in 1945, Grammatin attended the Leningrad Military Mechanical College, which he graduated with honors in 1949. Since 1948, he worked in the Optical Computing Office of the Optical and Mechanical Plant No. 357 "Progress". He rose from the rank of the technician to the design project leader of the enterprise, working on the design of optical systems for

Microscope A microscope () is a laboratory equipment, laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic ...

s and aiming sights. In the same year, he entered the evening department of the Leningrad Institute of Precise Mechanics and Optics (LIPMO, now it is the St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics). In 1955, he graduated with honors from LIPMO majoring in "Optomechanical Instruments". In his off-work hours, Grammatin also attended the correspondence postgraduate course of the State Optical Institute named after S. I. Vavilov (now it's JSC "Vavilov State Optical Institute") under the direction of D. Y. Halpern. In 1959, he was the first in the Soviet Union, who created a program of automated calculation of optical systems. Continuing research in the direction of automation of designing optical systems, he defended his thesis. In 1976, he earned the degree of

Doctor of Engineering The Doctor of Engineering (DEng or EngD) or Doctor of Engineering Sciences is a research doctorate in engineering and applied science. An EngD is a terminal degree similar to a PhD in engineering but applicable more in industry rather than in ac ...

, with a thesis devoted to the development of opto-mechanical equipment for the microelectronics manufacturing. From 1962 to 1998, he worked in the

Vavilov State Optical Institute The Vavilov State Optical Institute in St Petersburg, Russia (named after Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov) is a research institute in optics in Russia. It works both in pure and applied optics. It was established in 1918 along the lines of a proposal by ...

. He successively worked as the chief of laboratory, the head of the scientific department and the branch. He also led the creation of software systems for computer-aided design of optical systems. In 1970–1988, he headed the development of optical systems for production and

quality control Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as "a part of quality management focused on fulfilling quality requirements". This approach plac ...

of microelectronic products. In 1976, he began teaching at LIPMO. Since 1982, he was a professor at the Department of the

Optical instrument An optical instrument is a device that processes light waves (or photons), either to enhance an image for viewing or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties. Common examples include periscopes, microscopes, telescopes, and camera ...

Theory A theory is a systematic and rational form of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the conclusions derived from such thinking. It involves contemplative and logical reasoning, often supported by processes such as observation, experimentation, ...

. Since 1996, he became a professor at the Department of Applied and Computer Optics of the Optical-Information Systems and Technologies Faculty in the ITMO. Since 1998, he got permanent job in the ITMO with the combined duties of the chief research associate at the State Optical Institute. Grammatin published over 200 scientific works, including works written in

collaboration Collaboration (from Latin ''com-'' "with" + ''laborare'' "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal. Collaboration is similar to cooperation. The ...

, and he trained more than ten candidates of sciences. He was a co-author of several

Patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an sufficiency of disclosure, enabling discl ...

Invention An invention is a unique or novelty (patent), novel machine, device, Method_(patent), method, composition, idea, or process. An invention may be an improvement upon a machine, product, or process for increasing efficiency or lowering cost. It m ...

s in the field of optics. He was a member of

Editorial board The editorial board is a group of editors, writers, and other people who are charged with implementing a publication's approach to editorials and other opinion pieces. The editorials published normally represent the views or goals of the publicat ...

s of "The Optical Periodical" and "The Optics and Spectroscopy"

Magazine A magazine is a periodical literature, periodical publication, print or digital, produced on a regular schedule, that contains any of a variety of subject-oriented textual and visual content (media), content forms. Magazines are generally fin ...

s. He died on August 28, 2014, in St. Petersburg.

Awards

* The Order of the Badge of Honour (1983) * The USSR State Prize (1977) * The Award of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1983) * The Medal "In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg" (2004)

References

External links

Personal page in the Virtual museum of Institute (ru)

Newspaper "University ITMO" №69 (1574), 2006 year (ru)

Inventions of A. P. Grammatin (ru)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Grammatin, Alexander Panteleimonovich Russian computer scientists 1931 births 2014 deaths Recipients of the USSR State Prize Soviet computer scientists Academic staff of ITMO University Scientific computing researchers