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Albert Brunner
Albert Brunner (17 July 1918 – 7 May 1943) was a German Luftwaffe ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross during World War II. Brunner claimed 53 aerial victories, all over the Eastern Front. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership. Career Brunner was born on 17 July 1918 in Dörtel, present-day part of Bad Mergentheim, at the time in the Kingdom of Württemberg within the German Empire. He joined the military service of the Luftwaffe in 1939. Following completion of flight and fighter pilot training, Brunner was transferred to ''Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe West'', a fighter pilot training unit, where he served as an instructor. In April 1942, he was transferred to II. '' Gruppe'' (2nd group) of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 5 (JG 5—5th Fighter Wing) and assigned to 6. '' Staffel'' (6th squadron). At the time, 6. ''Staffel'' was commanded by ''Oberleutnant'' Horst Carganico, while I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Ehrler
Heinrich Ehrler (14 September 1917 – 4 April 1945) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and wing commander during World War II. As a fighter ace, he is credited with 208 enemy aircraft shot down in over 400 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front, with nine claims over the Western Front which included eight in the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter. Born in Oberbalbach, Ehrler grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany as one of 12 children in his family. He joined the military service in the Wehrmacht in 1935, initially serving with the artillery and anti-aircraft artillery. He participated in the Spanish Civil War and following the outbreak of World War II transferred to the '' Jagdwaffe'' (fighter force). Following flight training, he was posted to the 4. '' Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 77 (JG 77–77th Fighter Wing), and later reassigned to 4. ''Staffel'' of ''Jagdgeschwader'' 5 (JG 5–5th Fighter Wing). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pechenga (urban-type Settlement), Murmansk Oblast
Pechenga (; Finnish and ; ; ; ) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Pechengsky District, Murmansk Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Pechenga Urban Settlement of Pechengsky Municipal District. Population: History The Pechenga area has been indigenously inhabited by the Finnic KvensJulku, Kyösti: ''Kvenland - Kainuunmaa''. With English summary: ''The Ancient territory of Kainuu''. Oulu, 1986. and the Sami. The settlement was founded by Russians as the Pechenga Monastery in 1533 at the influx of the Pechenga River into the Barents Sea, 135 km west of modern Murmansk. St. Tryphon of Pechenga, a monk from Novgorod is considered to be the founder of Pechenga Monastery. In 1533, the area became part of Russia. Inspired by the model of the Solovki, Tryphon wished to convert the local Sami population to Christianity and to demonstrate how faith could flourish in the most inhospitable lands. His example was eagerly followed by other Russ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Severomorsk-1
Severomorsk-1 , formerly known as Vayenga-1, is a naval air base in Murmansk Oblast, Russia south of Severomorsk (formerly called Vayenga). It one of the largest airfields on the Kola Peninsula, second only to Olenya. It can accommodate over 40 bombers and a small number of fighters. The base is home to the 403rd Independent Composite Aviation Regiment, 830th Independent Shipborne Antisubmarine Helicopter Regiment and the 216th Independent Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron. Second World War When No. 151 Wing RAF arrived in 1941, the airfield was the base of the 72nd SAP-SF (Composite Aviation Regiment-Northern Fleet) commanded by Colonel Georgii Gubanov, part of the Northern Fleet Air Force (Major-General A. A. Kuznetsov) of the Naval Air Fleet. The 4th Squadron of the 72 SAP-SF (Captain Boris Safonov), flying Polikarpov I-16 fighters, was also based at Vaenga. The airfield had an adequate surface of compacted sand, a large oval about long, on its east-west axis. The a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lafayette, Colorado
The City of Lafayette ( ) is a home rule municipality located in southeastern Boulder County, Colorado, United States. The city population was 30,411 at the 2020 United States census. Geography Lafayette is located in southeastern Boulder County. It is bordered by the town of Erie to the north and east, by the city of Broomfield to the east and south, and by Louisville to the southwest. U.S. Highway 287 is the main road through the city, leading north to Longmont and south to Broomfield and Denver. State Highway 7 leads east from Lafayette to Brighton and west to Boulder. There is also an exit off Interstate 25 to the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, Lafayette has a total area of , of which is land and , or 1.50%, is water. History Lafayette was founded in 1888 by Mary E. (Foote) Miller. She filed the original Town of Lafayette plat in January 1888 and sold the first residential lot – Lot 6, Block G, Town of Lafayette – in March 1888 to Hugh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convoy PQ 18
Convoy PQ 18 (2–21 September 1942) was an Arctic convoy of forty Allied freighters from Scotland and Iceland to Arkhangelsk in the Soviet Union during the Second World War. The convoy departed Loch Ewe, Scotland on 2 September 1942, rendezvoused with more ships and escorts at Iceland and arrived at Arkhangelsk on 21 September. An exceptionally large number of escorts were provided by the Royal Navy in Operation EV, including the first escort carrier to accompany an Arctic convoy. Detailed information on German intentions was provided by the code breakers at Bletchley Park and elsewhere, through Ultra signals decrypts and eavesdropping on ''Luftwaffe'' wireless communications. The German code-breakers read some British signals and the ''Luftwaffe'' used the lull in convoys after Convoy PQ 17 (27 June – 10 July) to prepare a maximum effort with the ''Kriegsmarine''. From 12 to 21 September Convoy PQ 18 was attacked by bombers, torpedo-bombers, U-boats and mines, which sank thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctic Convoys Of World War II
The Arctic convoys of World War II were oceangoing convoys which sailed from the United Kingdom, Iceland, and North America to northern ports in the Soviet Union – primarily Arkhangelsk (Archangel) and Murmansk in Russia. There were 78 convoys between August 1941 and May 1945, sailing via several seas of the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Arctic Ocean, Arctic oceans, with periods with no sailings during several months in 1942, and in the summers of 1943 and 1944. About 1,400 merchant ships delivered essential supplies to the Soviet Union under the Anglo-Soviet Agreement and US Lend-Lease program, escorted by ships of the Royal Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, and the U.S. Navy. Eighty-five merchant vessels and 16 Royal Navy warships (two cruisers, six destroyers, eight other escort ships) were lost. Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' lost a number of vessels including German battleship Scharnhorst, one battleship, three destroyers, 30 U-boats, and many aircraft. The convoys demonstrated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murmansk
Murmansk () is a port city and the administrative center of Murmansk Oblast in the far Far North (Russia), northwest part of Russia. It is the world's largest city north of the Arctic Circle and sits on both slopes and banks of a modest fjord, Kola Bay, an estuarine inlet of the Barents Sea, with its bulk on the east bank of the inlet. The city is a major port of the Arctic Ocean and is about from the Norway–Russia border, border with Norway, from the Finland–Russia border, border with Finland and from Moscow. Benefiting from the North Atlantic Current, Murmansk resembles cities of its size across western Russia, with highway and railway access to the rest of Europe, and the northernmost trolleybus system on Earth. Its connectivity contrasts with the isolation of Arctic ports like the Siberian Dikson (urban-type settlement), Dikson on the shores of the Kara Sea, and Iqaluit, in the Canadian Arctic. Despite long, snowy winters, Murmansk's climate is moderated by the generall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junkers Ju 88
The Junkers Ju 88 is a twin-engined multirole combat aircraft designed and produced by the German aircraft manufacturer Junkers Aircraft and Motor Works. It was used extensively during the Second World War by the ''Luftwaffe'' and became one of the most versatile combat aircraft of the conflict. The Ju 88 originated from a ''Reichsluftfahrtministerium'' (RLM) requirement issued in 1934 for a new multipurpose aircraft. Junkers was one of several firms to respond, producing two separate design studies that produced both the Ju 85 and Ju 88. The design work was headed by Junkers' chief designer Ernst Zindel. The Ju 88 was envisioned to function as a so-called '' Schnellbomber'' ("fast bomber") that would evade interception by enemy fighters of its era by flying at high speed. On 21 December 1936, the first prototype performed its maiden flight. The performance of the third prototype was highly favourable, resulting in the competing Henschel Hs 127 and Messerschmitt Bf 162 bein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautsi
Nautsi () was a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality in Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. It lies on the east bank of the Paatsjoki River, which forms part of the Norway–Russia border, border between Norway and Russia. Prior to it abandonment in 1962, Nautsi was the westernmost village in the Soviet Union. History Prior to World War II, between 1921 and 1944, Nautsi was a Finnish village in Petsamo Province. Finnish forces retreated to this location in 1939 during the Winter War. During World War II, Nazi Germany, Germany sought to capture this area because of the nearby nickel mines. Nautsi became a part of the Soviet Union in 1945. It was officially abolished on December 13, 1962. References {{Reflist, refs= {{cite book, title=The War of 1939, pages=39–40, editor1=Vernon Bartlett , editor2=W. Gordon Williams , editor3=Geoffrey Pomeroy Dennis, publisher=The Caxton Publishing Co., year=1940 {{cite book, author1=Mann, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hawker Hurricane
The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–40s which was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. for service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was overshadowed in the public consciousness by the Supermarine Spitfire during the Battle of Britain in 1940, but the Hurricane inflicted 60% of the losses sustained by the ''Luftwaffe'' in the campaign, and fought in all the major theatres of the Second World War. The Hurricane originated from discussions between RAF officials and aircraft designer Sir Sydney Camm about a proposed monoplane derivative of the Hawker Fury biplane in the early 1930s. Despite an institutional preference for biplanes and lack of interest by the Air Ministry, Hawker refined its monoplane proposal, incorporating several innovations which became critical to wartime fighter aircraft, including retractable landing gear and the more powerful Rolls-Royce Merlin engine. The Air Ministry ordered Hawker's ''Interce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scrambling (military)
In military aviation, scrambling is the act of quickly mobilising military aircraft. Scrambling can be in reaction to an immediate threat, usually to intercept hostile aircraft. Battle of Britain The term was used during the Battle of Britain, when Royal Air Force pilots and their fighters were readied and available to fly. Detection and monitoring of enemy aircraft, e.g. by the Chain Home radar stations, would feed into the RAF Fighter Command's Dowding system for control and management of the defenses. Once a decision had been made to intercept the enemy formation a telephone call would be made to the chosen fighter squadron's airfield, and those air crews available would be scrambled. The scramble order was communicated to alert pilots waiting by their aircraft by the loud ringing of a bell. Every minute lost before takeoff would be advantageous to the enemy, as it could allow a pilot to gain extra height above the advancing plane formations. Information passed to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pori Airport
Pori Airport () is an airport in Pori, Finland. The airport is located south of the Pori town centre. It has two check-in desks, and a cafeteria service. During 2011 Pori Airport served 54,056 passengers, an increase of 25.2% from previous year. However, in 2014 it was down to 24 983. History During Continuation War, Pori airfield was used by Luftwaffe. The aviation equipment depot Feldluftpark 3/XI Pori operating at the airfield was from where Germans dispatched aircraft to the north and carried out major overhauls. Facilities The airport is at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 12/30 measures and 17/35 is . The Finnish Aviation Academy is a flight school based at Pori Airport. As is the Satakunta Parachute club "Satakunnan Laskuvarjourheilijat". Flight training for private pilots (PPL/LAPL-licences) is given by local flight school Porin Lentotilaus Oy. Airlines and destinations Statistics Ground transportation See als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
