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Al-Hafiz
Abūʾl-Maymūn ʿAbd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir, better known by his regnal name as al-Ḥāfiẓ li-Dīn Allāh (), was the eleventh Fatimid caliph, ruling over Egypt from 1132 to his death in 1149, and the 21st imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism. Al-Hafiz first rose to power as regent after the death of his cousin, al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, in October 1130. Al-Amir had only left an infant son, al-Tayyib, as a possible successor, so al-Hafiz—as the oldest surviving member of the dynasty—became regent. Al-Tayyib was apparently sidelined and possibly killed by the new regime, which was in turn overthrown within a few days by the army under Kutayfat. The latter imprisoned al-Hafiz, and moved to depose the Fatimids and replace Isma'ilism with a personal regime, possibly based on Twelver Shi'ism, with himself as the Hidden Imam's all-powerful vicegerent. Kutayfat's regime was toppled when he was murdered by Fatimid loyalists in December 1131, and al-Hafiz was freed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate (; ), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa and West Asia, it ranged from the western Mediterranean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids traced their ancestry to the Islamic prophet Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband Ali, the first Shi'a imam. The Fatimids were acknowledged as the rightful imams by different Isma'ili communities as well as by denominations in many other Muslim lands and adjacent regions. Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids initially conquered Ifriqiya (roughly present-day Tunisia and north-eastern Algeria). They extended their rule across the Mediterranean coast and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included—in addition to Egypt—varying areas of the Maghreb, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hej ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafizi
Hafizi Isma'ilism (), also known as Majidi Isma'ilism (), was a branch of Musta'li Isma'ilism that emerged as a result of a split in 1132. The Hafizis accepted the Fatimid caliph Abd al-Majid al-Hafiz li-Din Allah () and his successors as imams, while the rival Tayyibi branch rejected them as usurpers, favouring the succession of the imamate along the line of al-Hafiz's nephew, al-Tayyib. The Hafizi sect lost state backing and gradually disappeared after the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 and the conquest of the Fatimid-aligned dynasties of Yemen by the Ayyubid dynasty shortly after. The last remnants of the Hafizi branch are attested in the 14th century in Egypt and Syria, but had died out by the 15th century. Origin: the Hafizi–Tayyibi schism The Hafizi branch of Isma'ilism has its origin in the assassination of the tenth Fatimid caliph, and twentieth Musta'li Isma'ili imam, al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah () on 7 October 1130. Al-Amir left only a six-month-old son, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafizi Isma'ilism
Hafizi Isma'ilism (), also known as Majidi Isma'ilism (), was a branch of Musta'li Ismailism, Musta'li Isma'ilism that emerged as a result of a split in 1132. The Hafizis accepted the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid caliph al-Hafiz, Abd al-Majid al-Hafiz li-Din Allah () and his successors as Imamate in Ismaili doctrine, imams, while the rival Tayyibi Isma'ilism, Tayyibi branch rejected them as usurpers, favouring the succession of the imamate along the line of al-Hafiz's nephew, Abu'l-Qasim al-Tayyib, al-Tayyib. The Hafizi sect lost state backing and gradually disappeared after the abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171 and the conquest of the Fatimid-aligned dynasties of Yemen by the Ayyubid dynasty shortly after. The last remnants of the Hafizi branch are attested in the 14th century in Egypt and Syria, but had died out by the 15th century. Origin: the Hafizi–Tayyibi schism The Hafizi branch of Isma'ilism has its origin in the assassination of the tenth Fatimid Caliph, Fatimid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulayman Ibn Al-Hafiz
Sulaymān ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ was the oldest son of the eleventh Fatimid caliph and imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism, al-Hafiz. Designated as heir-apparent, he served as vizier for two months in 1134, before his death in office. Life Sulayman was the oldest son of the Fatimid caliph al-Hafiz (). Al-Hafiz had come to the throne under dubious circumstances, and was not the son of the previous caliph, al-Amir, but his cousin. This event created a crisis of legitimacy, and a schism among the Isma'ili faithful, dividing them into the Hafizi and Tayyibi branches. After disposing of the too powerful vizier Abu'l-Fath Yanis, al-Hafiz initially ruled without a vizier who might threaten his throne. In 1134, al-Hafiz appointed Sulayman both as heir-apparent () and vizier. It was the first time that a Fatimid prince, or even the heir-apparent, had been appointed to the vizierate. With this unusual conferment of plenipotentiary power in Sulayman's hands, the caliph intended to solidify the successi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Isma'ili Imams
This is a list of the Imamate in Ismaili doctrine, Imams as recognized by the different sub-sects of the Isma'ilism, Ismai'li sect of Shia Islam. Imams are considered members of the ''Ahl al-Bayt, Bayt'' (Household) of Muhammad through his daughter Fatima. Early Imams All Isma'ili sects share the first four Imams with the Zaydism, Zaydi Shia, and the first six Imams with the Twelver Shi'ism, Twelver Shia. The Nizari Isma'ilism, Nizari and Musta'li Ismailism, Musta'li are collectively also known as Fatimid Isma'ili, in contrast to the Sevener, Sevener Isma'ili. After Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, the Zaydis consider Zayd ibn Ali to be their next Imam rather than his older brother Muhammad al-Baqir who is considered the next Imam by the Isma'ili and Twelvers. After Ja'far al-Sadiq, the Twelvers consider Musa al-Kazim, Musa ibn Ja'far to be their next Imam, whereas Fatimid Isma'ilis consider his older brother Isma'il ibn Ja'far to be their next Imam, followed next by his son Mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Ibn Al-Hafiz
Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ was a younger son of the eleventh Fatimid caliph and imam of Hafizi Isma'ilism, al-Hafiz, and vizier and heir-apparent of the Fatimid Caliphate from 19 July 1134 until his death in March 1135. Hasan came to power rebelling against his own father, and had allegedly espoused Sunnism. His reign was marked by brutality and repression which cost him support, and sparked another uprising that resulted in his downfall. He was poisoned by al-Hafiz, and succeeded by Bahram al-Armani. Life Origin Hasan was a younger son of the Fatimid caliph al-Hafiz (). The legitimacy of al-Hafiz' rule was challenged, as he had succeeded his cousin, al-Amir, in a coup. This led to a schism among the Isma'ili faithful, dividing them into the Hafizi and Tayyibi branches. In 1134, in an attempt to consolidate the line of succession, al-Hafiz appointed his eldest son, Sulayman, both as heir-apparent () and as vizier (head of government). It was the first time that a Fatimid prince ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isma'ilism
Ismailism () is a branch of Shia Islam. The Isma'ili () get their name from their acceptance of Imam Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed spiritual successor (Imamate in Nizari doctrine, imām) to Ja'far al-Sadiq, wherein they differ from the Twelver Shia, who accept Musa al-Kazim, the younger brother of Isma'il, as the Imamah (Shia doctrine), true Imām. After the death of Muhammad ibn Isma'il in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismailism further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning () of the Islamic religion. With the eventual development of Usulism and Akhbarism into the more literalistic () oriented, Shia Islam developed into two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismaili, Alevism, Alevi, Bektashi Order, Bektashi, Alians, Alian, and Alawites, Alawite groups focusing on the mysticism, mystical path and nature of God in Islam, God, along with the "Imam of the Time" representing the mani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu'l-Qasim Al-Tayyib
Abū'l-Qāsim al-Ṭayyib ibn al-Āmir () was, according to the Tayyibi sect of Isma'ilism, the twenty-first imam. The only son of Caliph al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah, al-Tayyib was an infant when his father was murdered. Amidst the ensuing power struggle, al-Tayyib disappeared; modern historians suggest that he died or was secretly killed by one of the rival strongmen. By 1132, his uncle al-Hafiz declared himself as the caliph and imam in succession to al-Amir. This was not accepted by the Yemeni Isma'ilis, who upheld the rights of al-Tayyib. This marked the creation of two rival sects of Musta'li Isma'ilism, the Hafizi one, following al-Hafiz, and the Tayyibi one, following al-Tayyib. The Tayyibis hold that al-Tayyib was rescued from Cairo and brought to safety, but that he and all subsequent Tayyibi imams remained in concealment. The Tayyibi community has instead been led by a sequence of 'absolute missionaries' (). Life Al-Tayyib was the only son of the twentieth Fatimid imam-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Amir Bi-Ahkam Allah
Abu Ali al-Mansur ibn al-Musta'li (; 31 December 1096 – 7 October 1130), better known by his regnal name al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah () was the tenth Fatimid caliph, ruling from 1101 to his death in 1130, and the 20th imam of the Musta'li Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam. Al-Amir succeeded his father, al-Musta'li, at the age of five. For the first twenty years of his reign, al-Amir was a puppet of his uncle and father-in-law, the vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah, who ruled the Fatimid state and confined al-Amir, like al-Musta'li before him, to the palace. In December 1121, al-Afdal was murdered, officially by agents of the rival Nizari branch of Isma'ilism, although some medieval accounts blame al-Amir and al-Afdal's chief secretary, al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, instead. Al-Amir and al-Bata'ihi moved quickly to forestall a succession by one of al-Afdal's sons, imprisoning them and moving the vast treasures al-Afdal had amassed into the caliphal palace. Al-Bata'ihi was appointed as the new ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musta'li Isma'ilism
Musta'li Isma'ilism () is a branch of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate ninth Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah (). The Nizari Isma'ilism, Nizari the other living branch of Ismailism, led by Aga Khan V believe the ninth caliph was al-Musta'li's elder brother, Nizar ibn al-Mustansir, Nizar. The Musta'li originated in Fatimid-ruled Egypt, later moved its religious center to Yemen, and gained a foothold in 11th-century Western India through dawah, missionaries. The Tayyibi and the Hafizi Historically, there was a distinction between the Tayyibi Isma'ilism, Tayyibi and the Hafizi Isma'ilism, Hafizi Musta'lis, the former recognizing at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim as the legitimate heir of the Imamate after al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah and the latter following al-Hafiz, who was enthroned as caliph. The Hafizi view lost all support following the downfall of the Fatimid Caliphate: later Musta'lis are all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Fatimid Caliphs
This is a list of an Arab dynasty, the Shia Islam, Shi'ite caliphs of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid dynasty (909–1171). The Shi'ite caliphs were also regarded at the same time as the Imamate in Ismaili doctrine, imams of the Isma'ili branch of Shi'a Islam. Family tree of Fatimid caliphs See also *List of Caliphs *List of rulers of Egypt *List of Ismaili imams Notes References {{Fatimid Caliphate topics Shia Muslims, Fatmid caliphs Lists of monarchs, Fatimid caliphs Fatimid caliphs Muslim dynasties, Fatimid caliphs Medieval Islamic world-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tayyibi
Tayyibi Isma'ilism () is the only surviving sect of the Musta'li branch of Isma'ilism, the other being the extinct Hafizi branch. Followers of Tayyibi Isma'ilism are found in various Bohra communities: Dawoodi, Sulaymani, and Alavi. The Tayyibi originally split from the Fatimid Caliphate-supporting Hafizi branch by supporting the right of at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim to the Imamate. History Upon the death of the twentieth Imam, al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah (d. ), his new born child at-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim (b. ) was appointed the twenty-first Imam. As he was not in a position to run the Dawah, the Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi, his Hujjah or proof, established the office of the Da'i al-Mutlaq, who acted on his behalf. The Da'i al-Mutlaq had now been given absolute authority and made independent from political activity. Da'i al-Mutlaq Dhu'ayb ibn Musa Da'i al-Mutlaq Zoeb bin Moosa used to live in and died in Huth, Yemen. His ''ma'zoon'' ("associate") was Khattab bin Hasan. After the death of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
