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Akhalkalak
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქი, tr ; ) is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti Plateau. The city is located about from the border with Armenia. The town's recorded history goes back to the 11th century. As of the 2014 Georgian census the town had a population of 8,295, with 93.8% Armenian majority. Etymology The name ''Akhalkalaki'', first recorded in the 11th-century Georgian chronicle, means "a new town", from Georgian �xɑli "new", and ʰɑlɑkʰi "city" or "town". The 19th-century ethnographic accounts also mention another names for the town - ''Akhalkatak'' and ''Nor-Katak'', also meaning which in Armenian means ''Nor'' - "new", ''katak'' - "city". History Akhalkalaki was founded by Bagrat IV of Georgia in 1064. In 1066, the city was destroyed during the Seljuq invasions of the Kingdom of Georgia. In the 11th century ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქი, tr ; ) is a town in Georgia (country), Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti Plateau. The city is located about from the border with Armenia. The town's recorded history goes back to the 11th century. As of the 2014 Georgian census the town had a population of 8,295, with 93.8% Armenians, Armenian majority. Etymology The name ''Akhalkalaki'', first recorded in the 11th-century The Georgian chronicles, Georgian chronicle, means "a new town", from Georgian Help:IPA/Georgian, [ɑxɑli], "new", and Help:IPA/Georgian, [kʰɑlɑkʰi], "city" or "town". The 19th-century ethnographic accounts also mention another names for the town - ''Akhalkatak'' and ''Nor-Katak'', also meaning which in Armenian means ''Nor'' - "new", ''katak'' - "city". History Akhalkalaki was founded by Bagrat IV of Georgia in 1064. In 1066, the ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki District
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Akhalkalakis munitsip’alit’et’i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 41,026 (2021). Its main town and administrative center is Akhalkalaki and it has an area of . 93% of the inhabitants in Akhalkalaki are of Armenian descent, the second highest amount in a Georgian municipality after Ninotsminda. Administrative divisions Akhalkalaki municipality is administratively divided into one city (the municipal centre Akhalkalaki) and 21 communities (თემი, temi) with 64 villages (სოფელი, sopeli). Politics Akhalkalaki Municipal Assembly ( Georgian: ახალქალაქის საკრებულო, ''Akhalkalaki Sakrebulo'') is the representative body in Akhalkalaki Municipality, consisting of 42 members which are elected every four years. The last election was held in October 2021. Melqon Makari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki Municipality
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქის მუნიციპალიტეტი, ''Akhalkalakis munitsip’alit’et’i'') is a municipality in southern Georgia (country), Georgia, in the region of Samtskhe-Javakheti with a population of 41,026 (2021). Its main town and administrative center is Akhalkalaki and it has an area of . 93% of the inhabitants in Akhalkalaki are of Armenian descent, the second highest amount in a Georgian municipality after Ninotsminda Municipality, Ninotsminda. Administrative divisions Akhalkalaki municipality is administratively divided into one city (the municipal centre Akhalkalaki) and 21 communities (თემი, temi) with 64 villages (სოფელი, sopeli). Politics Akhalkalaki Municipal Assembly (Georgian language, Georgian: ახალქალაქის საკრებულო, ''Akhalkalaki Sakrebulo'') is the representative body in Akhalkalaki Municipality, consisting of 42 members which are elected every four yea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhalkalaki Uezd
The Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' was a county (''uezd'') of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day Akhalkalaki). The county bordered the Gori uezd, Gori ''uezd'' to the north, the Borchaly uezd, Borchaly ''uezd'' to the east, the Alexandropol uezd, Alexandropol ''uezd'' of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars Okrug, Kars and Ardahan Okrug, Ardahan ''okrugs'' of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd, Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'' to the west. The area of the county corresponded to part of the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia (country), Georgia. History The territory of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'', then part of the Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', entered into the Kutais Governorate of the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), Russo-Turkish War of 1828. By 1874, the Akhkalaki ''uezd' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javakheti
Javakheti ( ka, ჯავახეთი ) or Javakhk (, ''Javakhk'')' is a historical province in southern Georgia, corresponding to the modern municipalities of Akhalkalaki, Aspindza (partly), Ninotsminda, and partly to the Turkey's Ardahan Province. Historically, Javakheti's borders were defined by the Kura River (Mtkvari) to the west, and the Shavsheti, Samsari and Nialiskuri mountains to the north, south and east, respectively. The principal economic activities in this region are subsistence agriculture, particularly potatoes and raising livestock. In 1995, the Akhalkalaki and Ninotsminda districts, comprising the historical territory of Javakheti, were merged with the neighboring land of Samtskhe to form a new administrative region, Samtskhe–Javakheti. As of January 2020, the total population of Samtskhe–Javakheti is 152,100 individuals. Armenians comprise the majority of Javakheti's population. According to the 2014 Georgian census, 93% (41,870) of the inhabitan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samtskhe–Javakheti
Samtskhe–Javakheti ( ka, სამცხე-ჯავახეთი, , ) is a region (mkhare) in southern Georgia with a population of 147,400 (2023) and an area of . The region has Akhaltsikhe as its administrative center. Samtskhe–Javakheti is made up of the historical Georgian provinces Meskheti, Javakheti and Tori. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline, the South Caucasus natural gas pipeline, and the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway pass through the region. The population of the region is made up of Georgians and Armenians, as well as smaller numbers of Russians. Geography Samtskhe–Javakheti borders Adjara and Guria in the northwestern tip, Imereti in the north, Shida Kartli in the northeast and Kvemo Kartli in the east. The southern border is formed by Armenia, the southwestern flank borders Turkey. The region covers the Javakheti Plateau, a highland of volcanic origin and the northern extension of the Armenian highlands. The plains are between 1500 and 2000 m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 resulted from the Greek War of Independence of 1821–1829; war broke out after the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II closed the Dardanelles to Russian Empire , Russian ships and in November 1827 revoked the 1826 Akkerman Convention in retaliation for the participation of the Imperial Russian Navy in the Battle of Navarino of October 1827. After suffering several defeats, both in the Balkans and in the Caucasus, the Sultan decided to suing for peace, sue for peace, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Adrianople on 14 September 1829. The Balkan front At the start of hostilities the Russian army of 100,000 men was commanded by Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, Nicholas I, while the Ottoman forces were commanded by Agha Hüseyin Pasha appointed by Sultan Mahmut II. In April and May 1828 the Russian commander-in-chief, Prince Peter Wittgenstein, moved into the Danubian Principalities. In June 1828, the main R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiflis Governorate
Tiflis Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants.Brockhaus and Efron EncyclopaediaTiflis Governorate Tiflis Governorate bordered Elizavetpol Governorate to the southeast, Erivan Governorate to the south, Kars Oblast to the southwest, Batum Oblast to the west, Kutaisi Governorate to the northwest, Terek Oblast to the north, Dagestan Oblast to the northeast, and after 1905, the Zakatal Okrug to the east. The governorate covered areas of central and southeastern Georgia, the partially recognised state of South Ossetia, most of the Lori Province of Armenia, small parts of northwestern Azerbaijan, and a minuscule southern part of Ingushetia of Russia. History Tiflis Governorate was established in 1846 along with the Kutaisi Governorate, after the dissolution of the Georgia-Imeret ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Akhalkalaki
The Duchy of Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქის საერისთავო, referred as the Duchy of Javakheti) was a duchy (''saeristavo'') in medieval Georgia. Duchy was created by King Leon III of Abkhazia (957–967). History It was first mentioned on the inscriptions in Kumurdo Cathedral. Until 1021, the Dukes of Javakheti were members of Marushiani family. It passed to the Tmogveli and then the Toreli family. From the 12th to 13th centuries, the Toreli family also owned estates in Tori, Lesser and Inner Kartli. Pressured by the princes of Samtskhe of the Jaqeli dynasty in the 14th century, the Torelis were forced to move to Shida Kartli and the duchy was absorbed into Principality of Samtskhe. Rulers * Zuiai (~964) * Vache (960 – 70's) * Zviad (10–11th century) * Pharsman Tmogveli (1023–1065) * Varazbakur Toreli (1065 – ?) * Kakha Toreli (1152) * Gamrekeli Toreli (1170's – 1191) * Kakha II Toreli (1191 – ?) * Shalva Toreli-Ak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Childir Eyalet
The Eyalet of Childir () or AkhalzikOther variants of this name include Akalzike (from ) was an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire in the Southwestern Caucasus. The area of the former Çıldır Eyalet is now divided between Samtskhe-Javakheti and the Autonomous Republic of Adjara in Georgia and provinces of Artvin, Ardahan and Erzurum in Turkey. The administrative center was Çıldır between 1578 and 1628, Ahıska between 1628 and 1829, and Oltu between 1829 and 1845. History Samtskhe was the only Georgian principality to permanently become an Ottoman province (as the eyalet of Cildir). In the eighty years after the Battle of Zivin, the region was gradually absorbed into the empire. The Ottomans took the Ahıska region from the Principality of Meskheti, a vassal state of Safavid dynasty. In 1578, when the new province was established, they appointed the former Georgian prince, Minuchir (who took the name of ''Mustafa'' after converting to Islam) as the first governor. This e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region on the coast of the Black Sea. It is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and West Asia, and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the south by Turkey and Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Georgia covers an area of . It has a Demographics of Georgia (country), population of 3.7 million, of which over a third live in the capital and List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), largest city, Tbilisi. Ethnic Georgians, who are native to the region, constitute a majority of the country's population and are its titular nation. Georgia has been inhabited since prehistory, hosting the world's earliest known sites of winemaking, gold mining, and textiles. The Classical antiquity, classical era saw the emergence of several kingdoms, such as Colchis and Kingdom of Iberia, Iberia, that formed the nucleus of the modern Georgian state. In the early fourth centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Army
The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years between 1300 (Byzantine expedition) and 1453 ( Conquest of Constantinople), the classical period covers the years between 1451 (second enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok), the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye), the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 (enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros). The Ottoman army is the forerunner of the Turkish Armed Forces. Foundation period (1300–1453) The earliest form of the Ottoman military was a steppe-nomadic cavalry force.Mesut Uyar, Edward J. Erickson, ''A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk'', Pleager Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
