uezd
An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; rus, уе́зд ( pre-1918: уѣздъ), p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context () was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the ...
'') of the
Tiflis Governorate
Tiflis Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire with its administrative centre in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi). In 1897, it constituted in area and had a population of 1,051,032 inhabitants. ...
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
, and then of
Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; ka, საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა, tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia (country), Georgia, which exist ...
, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak (present-day
Akhalkalaki
Akhalkalaki ( ka, ახალქალაქი, tr ; ) is a town in Georgia (country), Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe–Javakheti and the administrative centre of the Akhalkalaki Municipality. Akhalkalaki lies on the edge of the Javakheti ...
Erivan Governorate
The Erivan Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, with its centеr in Erivan (present-day Yerevan). Its area was 27,830 sq. kilometеrs, roughly corresponding to what is now most of central ...
and the
Kars
Kars ( or ; ; ) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District. ...
and
Ardahan
Ardahan ( ka, არტაანი, tr; ; Russian: Ардаган) is a city in northeastern Turkey, near the Georgian border. It is the seat of Ardahan Province and Ardahan District.Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'' to the west. The area of the county corresponded to part of the contemporary
Samtskhe–Javakheti
Samtskhe–Javakheti ( ka, სამცხე-ჯავახეთი, , ) is a region (mkhare) in southern Georgia with a population of 147,400 (2023) and an area of . The region has Akhaltsikhe as its administrative center. Samtskhe–Javakheti ...
region of
Georgia
Georgia most commonly refers to:
* Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus
* Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States
Georgia may also refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Georgia (name), a list of pe ...
.
History
The territory of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'', then part of the Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', entered into the
Kutais Governorate
The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate was a province (''guberniya'') of the Caucasus Viceroyalty (1801–1917), Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of western Georgia (country), Georgia throughout most of its ...
of the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish War of 1828. By 1874, the Akhkalaki ''uezd'' was detached from the hitherto larger Akhaltsikhe ''uezd'', becoming a constituent county of the Tiflis Governorate.
Following the
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution, social change in Russian Empire, Russia, starting in 1917. This period saw Russia Dissolution of the Russian Empire, abolish its mona ...
, the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' was incorporated into the short-lived
Democratic Republic of Georgia
The Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG; ka, საქართველოს დემოკრატიული რესპუბლიკა, tr) was the first modern establishment of a republic of Georgia (country), Georgia, which exist ...
, however, it was strongly disputed by the
Democratic Republic of Armenia
The First Republic of Armenia, officially known at the time of its existence as the Republic of Armenia, was an independent Armenian state that existed from May (28th ''de jure'', 30th ''de facto'') 1918 to 2 December 1920 in the Armenian-popula ...
which also claimed the county on the grounds of history and ethnography.
As a result of the Ottoman occupation of the ''uezd'', of the initial 80,000 Armenians in 1918, 30,000 died whilst the surviving 40,000 still in the district were affected by famine and concubinage.
Lord Curzon
George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (11 January 1859 – 20 March 1925), known as Lord Curzon (), was a British statesman, Conservative Party (UK), Conservative politician, explorer and writer who served as Viceroy of India ...
during the
Paris Peace Conference Agreements and declarations resulting from meetings in Paris include:
Listed by name
Paris Accords
may refer to:
* Paris Accords, the agreements reached at the end of the London and Paris Conferences in 1954 concerning the post-war status of Germ ...
discussions on the fate of the independent Transcaucasian republics assessed the ethnographic situation in the southwestern ''uezd''s of the Tiflis Governorate:
On the grounds of nationality, therefore, these districts ought to belong to Armenia, but they command the heart of Georgia strategically, and on the whole it would seem equitable to assign them to Georgia, and give their Armenian inhabitants the option of emigration into the wide territories assigned to the Armenians towards the south-west.
Administrative divisions
The subcounties (''
uchastok
An ''uchastok'' () or police prefecture () was a territorial-administrative unit of the Russian Empire and early Russian SFSR. Throughout most of modern Russian history, ''uchastoks'', which numbered 2,523 throughout the empire by 1914, were a thi ...
s'') of the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' in 1913 were as follows:
Demographics
1897 Russian census
According to the 1897 Russian Empire census, the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' had a population of 72,709 on , including 37,903 men and 34,806 women. The majority of the population indicated
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...
to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar, Georgian, and
Russian
Russian(s) may refer to:
*Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*A citizen of Russia
*Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
*''The Russians'', a b ...
speaking minorities.
''Kavkazskiy kalendar''
According to the 1917 publication of ''
Kavkazskiy kalendar
''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' (, ) was an annual almanac published in Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi) in the Russian Empire by the office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus from 1846 to 1917.
History
''Kavkazskiy kalendar'' contained a large number of ethno ...
'', the Akhalkalaki ''uezd'' had a population of 107,173 on , including 56,140 men and 51,033 women, 106,307 of whom were the permanent population, and 866 were temporary residents:
See also
*
History of the administrative division of Russia
The modern administrative-territorial structure of Russia is a system of territorial organization which is a product of a centuries-long evolution and reforms.
Early history
The Kievan Rus' as it formed in the 10th century remained a more or ...