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Akdamut (Mahzor Worms)
''Akdamut'', or ''Akdamus'' or ''Akdamut Milin'', or ''Akdomus Milin'' ( tmr, jאַקְדָמוּת מִלִּין ''ʾaqdāmûṯ millîn'' "In Introduction to the Words," i.e. to the Ten Commandments), is a prominent piyyut ("liturgical poem") written in Aramaic recited annually on the Jewish holiday of Shavuot by Ashkenazi Jews. It was penned by Rabbi Meir bar Yitzchak (the ''Nehorai'') of Orléans, who was a cantor (prayer leader) in Worms, Germany, (died ca. 1095). ''Akdamut'' consists of praise for God, His Torah, and His people. ''Akdamut'' is read in almost all Ashkenazi synagogues on the first day of Shavuot during the Torah reading. The original practice was for it to be recited after the reading of the first verse (Exodus 19:1), but in the past few centuries, the practice has developed in many congregations (mainly Eastern European ones) that the poem is read after the kohen has been called to the Torah reading, but before he recites the blessing. The reason for the orig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talmud
The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewish cultural life and was foundational to "all Jewish thought and aspirations", serving also as "the guide for the daily life" of Jews. The term ''Talmud'' normally refers to the collection of writings named specifically the Babylonian Talmud (), although there is also an earlier collection known as the Jerusalem Talmud (). It may also traditionally be called (), a Hebrew abbreviation of , or the "six orders" of the Mishnah. The Talmud has two components: the Mishnah (, 200 CE), a written compendium of the Oral Torah; and the Gemara (, 500 CE), an elucidation of the Mishnah and related Tannaitic writings that often ventures onto other subjects and expounds broadly on the Hebrew Bible. The term "Talmud" may refer to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selichot
Selichot ( he, סְלִיחוֹת, səlīḥōt, singular: , ''səlīḥā'') are Jewish penitential poems and prayers, especially those said in the period leading up to the High Holidays, and on fast days. The Thirteen Attributes of Mercy are a central theme throughout these prayers. Selichot of the High Holidays In the Sephardic tradition, recital of Selichot in preparation for the High Holidays begins on the second day of the Hebrew month of Elul. In the Ashkenazic tradition, it begins on the Saturday night before Rosh Hashanah. If, however, the first day of Rosh Hashanah falls on Monday or Tuesday, Selichot are said beginning the Saturday night prior to ensure that Selichot are recited at least four times. This may be because originally the pious would fast for ten days during the season of repentance, and four days before Rosh Hashanah were added to compensate for the four of the Ten days of Repentance on which fasting is forbidden – the two days of Rosh Hashanah, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piyyut
A ''piyyut'' or ''piyut'' (plural piyyutim or piyutim, he, פִּיּוּטִים / פיוטים, פִּיּוּט / פיוט ; from Greek ποιητής ''poiētḗs'' "poet") is a Jewish liturgical poem, usually designated to be sung, chanted, or recited during religious services. ''Piyyutim'' have been written since Temple times. Most ''piyyutim'' are in Hebrew or Aramaic, and most follow some poetic scheme, such as an acrostic following the order of the Hebrew alphabet or spelling out the name of the author. Many ''piyyutim'' are familiar to regular attendees of synagogue services. For example, the best-known ''piyyut'' may be ''Adon Olam'' ("Master of the World"). Its poetic form consists of a repeated rhythmic pattern of short-long-long-long (the so-called hazaj meter), and it is so beloved that it is often sung at the conclusion of many synagogue services, after the ritual nightly recitation of the Shema, and during the morning ritual of putting on tefillin phylacte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinnot
Kinnot ( he, קינות; also kinnos, kinoth, qinot, qinoth; singular kinah, qinah or kinnah) are Hebrew dirges (sad poems) or elegies. The term is used to refer both to dirges in the Hebrew Bible, and also to later poems which are traditionally recited by Jews on Tisha B'Av. In the Bible In the Hebrew Bible, the term ''kinah'' or ''qinah'' refers to a dirge or lament, especially as sung by Jewish professional mourning women. The Jerusalem Bible refers to Isaiah 47 as a ''qinah'' or "lament for Babylon", and to Ezekiel 19 as a ''qinah'' or lamentation over the rulers of Israel. A. W. Streane suggests that , on the prophesied downfall of Jerusalem, is written "in Ḳinah metre". Tisha BeAv recitation On Tisha B'Av, Jews traditionally recite a series of elegiac poems, known as ''kinnot'', after the evening and morning prayers. These poems mourn the destruction of both the First and Second Temple in Jerusalem and other tragedies in Jewish history, including the Crusades, the Ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yom Tov Torah Readings
Yom Tov the Torah is read during Shacharit services. Shalosh Regalim Passover First two days On the first day of Passover, Exodus 12:21–51 is read. This reading describes the Exodus from Egypt and the Passover offering. When the first day of Passover falls out on a weekday, the individual readings are as follows: Reading 1: Exodus 12:21–24 Reading 2: Exodus 12:25–28 Reading 3: Exodus 12:29–36 Reading 4: Exodus 12:37–42 Reading 5: Exodus 12:43–51 Maftir: Numbers 28:16–25 Haftarah: Joshua 3:5–7, 5:2–6:1, 6:27 When the first day of Passover falls out on Shabbat, the individual readings are as follows: Reading 1: Exodus 12:21–24 Reading 2: Exodus 12:25–28 Reading 3: Exodus 12:29–32 Reading 4: Exodus 12:33–36 Reading 5: Exodus 12:37–42 Reading 6: Exodus 12:43–47 Reading 7: Exodus 12:48–51 Maftir: Numbers 28:16–25 Haftarah: Joshua 3:5–7, 5:2–6:1, 6:27 On the second day of Passover in the Dias ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quran
The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: , sing.: ), which consist of verses (pl.: , sing.: , cons.: ). In addition to its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language. Muslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan, when Muhammad was 40; and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle; a proof of his prophethood; and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to Adam, including the Torah, the Psalms and the Gospel. The word ''Quran'' occurs some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simchat Torah
Simchat Torah or Simhat Torah (, lit., "Rejoicing with/of the Torah", Ashkenazi: ''Simchas Torah'') is a Jewish holiday that celebrates and marks the conclusion of the annual cycle of public Torah readings, and the beginning of a new cycle. Simchat Torah is a component of the Biblical Jewish holiday of ''Shemini Atzeret'' ("Eighth Day of Assembly"), which follows immediately after the festival of Sukkot in the month of Tishrei (occurring in mid-September to early October on the Gregorian calendar). The main celebrations of Simchat Torah take place in the synagogue during evening and morning services. In many Orthodox as well as many Conservative congregations, this is the only time of year on which the Torah scrolls are taken out of the ark and read at ''night''. In the morning, the last '' parashah'' of Deuteronomy and the first ''parashah'' of Genesis are read in the synagogue. On each occasion, when the ark is opened, the worshippers leave their seats to dance and sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiddush
Kiddush (; he, קידוש ), literally, "sanctification", is a blessing recited over wine or grape juice to sanctify the Shabbat and Jewish holidays. Additionally, the word refers to a small repast held on Shabbat or festival mornings after the prayer services and before the meal. Significance The Torah refers to two requirements concerning Shabbat – to "keep it" and to "remember it" (''shamor'' and ''zakhor''). Jewish law therefore requires that Shabbat be observed in two respects. One must "keep it" by refraining from thirty-nine forbidden activities, and one must "remember it" by making special arrangements for the day, and specifically through the ''kiddush'' ceremony. Reciting ''kiddush'' before the meal on the eve of Shabbat and Jewish holidays is thus a commandment from the Torah (as it is explained by the Oral Torah). Reciting ''kiddush'' before the morning meal on Shabbat and holidays is a requirement of rabbinic origin. Kiddush is not usually recited at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behemoth
Behemoth (; he, בְּהֵמוֹת, ''bəhēmōṯ'') is a beast from the biblical Book of Job, and is a form of the primeval chaos-monster created by God at the beginning of creation; he is paired with the other chaos-monster, Leviathan, and according to later Jewish tradition both would become food for the righteous at the end-time. Metaphorically, the name has come to be used for any extremely large or powerful entity. Etymology The Hebrew word ''behemoth'' has the same form as the plural of the Hebrew noun בהמה ''behemah'' meaning 'beast', suggesting an augmentative meaning 'great beast'. However, some theorize that the word might originate from an Egyptian word of the form '' pꜣ jḥ mw'' 'the water-ox' meaning 'hippopotamus', altered by folk etymology in Hebrew to resemble ''behemah''. However, this phrase with this meaning is unattested at any stage of Egyptian. Biblical description Behemoth is mentioned in a speech from the mouth of God in chapter 40 of the B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leviathan
Leviathan (; he, לִוְיָתָן, ) is a sea serpent noted in theology and mythology. It is referenced in several books of the Hebrew Bible, including Psalms, the Book of Job, the Book of Isaiah, the Book of Amos, and, according to some translations, in the Book of Jonah; it is also mentioned in the Book of Enoch. The Leviathan is often an embodiment of chaos and threatening to eat the damned after their life. In the end, it is annihilated. Christian theologians identified Leviathan with the demon of the deadly sin envy. According to Ophite diagrams, the Leviathan encapsulates the space of the material world. The Leviathan of the Book of Job is a reflection of the older Canaanite '' Lotan'', a primeval monster defeated by the god Baal Hadad. Parallels to the role of Mesopotamian Tiamat defeated by Marduk have long been drawn in comparative mythology, as have been wider comparisons to dragon and world serpent narratives such as Indra slaying Vrtra or Thor slayi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rinat Yisrael
Rinat Yisrael (רינת ישראל; "Jubilation of Israel") is a family of ''siddurim'' (prayer books), popular within the Religious Zionist communities in Israel; and used by some Modern Orthodox in the Diaspora. They are available in Hebrew only. The ''siddur'' was first published in 1970 by the Moreshet Publishing Company, and edited by Dr. Shlomo Tal; as of 2016, a new edition of the various ''siddurim'' is being released, under the editorship of Rabbi Yoel Katan. available at daat.ac.il . Published in connection with the Israeli Ministry of Education, the siddur aims to allow youngsters and students to become familiar and comfortable with the siddur and [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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