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Afrasiyab Dynasty
The Afrasiyab or Chalavi dynasty was a relatively minor Iranian Shia dynasty of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province, Iran) and flourished in the late medieval, pre-Safavid period; it is also called the Kia dynasty. It was founded by Kiya Afrasiyab, who conquered the Bavand kingdom in 1349 and made himself king of the region. In 1504, Ismail I invaded Mazandaran and ended Afrasiyab rule of the region. __TOC__ History Kiya Afrasiyab was the son of certain Hasan Chulabi, who belonged to the Chulabids, a prominent family of Mazandaran which served the Bavandids. Afrasiyab was the '' sipahsalar'' and the brother-in-law of the Bavandid ruler Hasan II (r. 1334–1349). In 1349, the Bavandid ruler Hasan ordered the execution of one of his most powerful officials, Jalal ibn Ahmad Jal, who was from the powerful Jalali which governed Sari. The execution resulted in a revolt by the nobles of Mazandaran. Hasan then tried to get support from the Chulabids. However, the two sons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavandids
The Bavand dynasty () (also spelled Bavend), or simply the Bavandids, was an Iranian dynasty that ruled in parts of Tabaristan (present-day Mazandaran province) in what is now northern Iran from 651 until 1349, alternating between outright independence and submission as vassals to more powerful regional rulers. They ruled for 698 years, which is the second longest dynasty of Iran after the Baduspanids. Origins The dynasty itself traced its descent back to Bav, who was alleged to be a grandson of the Sasanian prince Kawus, brother of Khosrow I, and son of the shah Kavad I (ruled 488–531), who supposedly fled to Tabaristan from the Muslim conquest of Persia. He rallied the locals around him, repelled the first Arab attacks, and reigned for fifteen years until he was murdered by a certain Valash, who ruled the country for eight years. Bav's son, Sohrab or Sorkab ( Surkhab I), established himself at Perim on the eastern mountain ranges of Tabaristan, which thereafter became the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timur
Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history, as well as one of the most brutal and deadly. Timur is also considered a great patron of art and architecture, for he interacted with intellectuals such as Ibn Khaldun, Hafez, and Hafiz-i Abru and his reign introduced the Timurid Renaissance. Born into the Turkicized Mongol confederation of the Barlas in Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan) in the 1320s, Timur gained control of the western Chagatai Khanate by 1370. From that base he led military campaigns across Western, South, and Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Southern Russia, defeating in the process the Khans of the Golden Horde, the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, the emerg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iskandar-i Shaykhi
Iskandar-i Shaykhi (), was an Iranian from the Afrasiyab dynasty, who ruled Amul as a Timurid vassal from 1393 to 1403. He was the youngest son of Kiya Afrasiyab, who had initially established his rule in eastern Mazandaran from 1349 to 1359, but was defeated and killed by the local shaykh (religious scholar) Mir-i Buzurg, who established his own dynasty—the Mar'ashis—in the region. Together with some supporters and two nephews of his father, Iskandar initially took refuge in Larijan, but later left for Herat, where entered into the service of the Kartid ruler Ghiyath al-Din II (). After Herat was captured by the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur () in 1381, Iskandar joined the latter, whom he encouraged and accompanied in the conquest of Mazandaran in 1392–1393. After the Mar'ashis were dislodged, Timur assigned the governorship of Amul to Iskandar, but he soon staged a rebellion. Defeated, he was either killed by a Timurid army in 1403/4 at Shir-rud-duhazar, or committed suic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marashis
The Marashiyan or Marashis ( Mazandarani: مرعشیون; ) were an Iranian Sayyid Twelver Shiʿite dynasty of Mazandarani origin, ruling in Mazandaran from 1359 to 1596. The dynasty was founded by Mir-i Buzurg, a Sayyid native to Dabudasht. Their capitals were Amol, Sari A sari (also called sharee, saree or sadi)The name of the garment in various regional languages include: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * is a drape (cloth) and a women's garment in the Indian subcontinent. It consists of an un-sti ..., and Vatashan. Sources * * * * * External links * Rulers of Tabaristan Iranian Muslim dynasties Alid dynasties States and territories disestablished in the 1590s {{iran-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Husayn Kiya Chulavi In A Cage, And Murad Beg's Body Roasted On A Spit
Hussein, Hossein, Hussain, Hossain, Huseyn, Husayn, Husein, Hussin, Hoessein, Houcine, Hocine or Husain (; ), coming from the triconsonantal root Ḥ-S-N (), is an Arabic name which is the diminutive of Hassan, meaning "good", "handsome" or "beautiful". It is commonly given as a male given name, particularly among Muslims. In Persian language contexts, the transliterations ''Ḥosayn, Hosayn'', or ''Hossein'' are sometimes used. In the transliteration of Indo-Aryan languages, the forms "Hussain" or "Hossain" may be used. Other variants include ''Husên'', ''Husejin'', ''Husejn'', ''Husain'', ''Hisên'', ''Hussain'', ''Husayin'', ''Hussayin'', ''Hüseyin'', ''Hüseyn'', ''Husseyin'', ''Huseyn'', ''Hossain'', ''Hosein'', ''Houssein'', ''Husseyn'', ''Usain'' (etc.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, which follows a standardized way for transliterating Arabic names, used the form "Ḥusain" in its first edition and "Ḥusayn" in its second and third editions. This name was not used in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dabudasht
Dabudasht () is a city in, and the capital of, Dabudasht District of Amol County, Mazandaran province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort .... Demographics Population At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 1,096 in 300 households. The following census in 2011 counted 1,169 people in 358 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 1,758 people in 572 households. See also * Dabuyids Notes References Cities in Mazandaran province Populated places in Amol County {{Amol-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dervish
Dervish, Darvesh, or Darwīsh (from ) in Islam can refer broadly to members of a Sufi fraternity (''tariqah''), or more narrowly to a religious mendicant, who chose or accepted material poverty. The latter usage is found particularly in Persian and Turkish (''derviş'') as well as in Tamazight (''Aderwic''), corresponding to the Arabic term '' faqīr''. Their focus is on the universal values of love and service, deserting the illusions of ego (''nafs'') to reach God. In most Sufi orders, a dervish is known to practice ''dhikr'' through physical exertions or religious practices to attain the ecstatic trance to reach God. Their most popular practice is Sama, which is associated with the 13th-century mystic Rumi. In folklore and with adherents of Sufism, dervishes are often credited with the ability to perform miracles and ascribed supernatural powers. Historically, the term Dervish has also been used more loosely, as the designation of various Islamic political movements or mil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyid
''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the family of the Bani Hashim through the Prophet’s great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, Hashim, and others including Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Hamza, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abbas, Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib, and Asad ibn Hashim. Etymology A few Arabic, Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word ''al-asad'' , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership. The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as a meritocratic sign of respect. Hans Wehr's ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mir-i Buzurg
Qavam al-Din ibn Abdallah al-Marashi (), better known as Mir Buzurg or Mir Bozorg (, ''Mīr-e Bozorg'', lit. "The great Mir"), was the founder of the Marashi dynasty, ruling from 1359 to 1362. Early life Mir-i Buzurg belonged to a Sayyid family, he was the son of a certain Abdallah al-Marashi, who was the eponymous ancestor of the Marashi dynasty. Mir-i Buzurg, during his early life, lived in Dabudasht near Amol, which was then under Bavandid control. He studied religion and came into contact with Izz al-Din Sughandi, an influential sufi who was a pupil of Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah, the founder of the Sarbadars of Khorasan. Mir-i Buzurg later founded a Khanqah in Dabudasht and gained numerous followers. He also made a pilgrimage to the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad. In 1359, the Bavand dynasty was put to an end by the Chulabi nobleman Kiya Afrasiyab who founded the Afrasiyab dynasty. However, the nobles of Mazandaran did not acknowledge his rule and viewed it as usurpation. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eskandar II
Jalal al-Dawla Iskandar was the ruler ('' ustandar'') of the Baduspanids from 1333 to 1360. Under his rule, the kingdom reached its zenith. Taking advantage of the collapse of the Mongol Ilkhanate in 1335, he expanded his rule into the southern Alborz, ruling an area stretching from Qazvin to Simnan. In 1346, he founded the town of Kojur and conquered the region of Daylam. In 1360, he was mortally wounded by his bodyguard during a ruckus at a drinking party. He died three days later, and was succeeded by his brother Fakhr al-Dawla Shah-Ghazi. Biography A son of Taj al-Dawla Ziyar (), Jalal al-Dawla Iskandar played a key-role in his father's accession to the throne, by murdering his uncle, the ''ustandar'' Nasir al-Din Shahriyar (). When Taj al-Dawla Ziyar ascended the throne, he made Iskandar the ruler of Kalarrustaq. Iskandar became the new ''ustandar'' after his father's death in 1333, entrusting his brother Fakhr al-Dawla Shah-Ghazi with rule of Natelrustaq. He took adva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paduspanid
The Baduspanids, Paduspanids or Badusbanids (), were a local Iranian dynasty of Tabaristan which ruled over Ruyan/Rustamdar. The dynasty was established in 665, and with 933 years of rule as the longest dynasty in Iran, it ended in 1598 when the Safavids invaded and conquered their domains. History During the Arab invasion of Iran, the last Sasanian King of Kings () Yazdegerd III () reportedly granted control over Tabaristan to the Dabuyid ruler Gil Gavbara, who was a great-grandson of Jamasp (). Gil Gavbara's son Baduspan I was granted control over Ruyan in 665, thus forming the Baduspanid dynasty, which would rule the region until the 1590s. Another son, Dabuya succeeded their father the former as the head of the Dabuyid family, ruling the rest of Tabaristan. The last Dabuyid ruler Khurshid managed to safeguard his realm against the Umayyad Caliphate, but after its replacement by the Abbasid Caliphate, he was finally defeated in 760. Tabaristan was subsequently mad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
