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Acanthamoebidae
Acanthamoebidae is a family of single-celled eukaryotes within the group Amoebozoa. It gets its name from '' Acanthamoeba'', its best-known member. However, it also includes other species, such as '' Comandonia operculata'' and '' Protacanthamoeba bohemica''. Many kinds of Acanthamoebidae are highly prevalent in the soil and water of a variety of environments. They are similar to Hartmannella, but have differently structured pseudopodia, in regard to the actin microfilaments that comprise them. Its most prominent member, ''Acanthamoeba'', can be potentially pathogenic to humans and animals. It has been described as having a common origin with the Entamoebidae and Dictyosteliida. Structure Members of Acanthamoebidae have a specific form of pseudopodia, dubbed acanthopodia. These acanthopodia are continuously formed and reabsorbed, protrude from every area of the cell's surface, and are usually, short and fine. An exception would be ''A. astronyxis'' and ''A. comandoni'', in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luapeleamoeba
''Luapeleamoeba'' is a genus of naked amoebae of the family Acanthamoebidae. Morphology ''Luapeleamoeba'' are uninucleate amoebae that, during locomotion, generate a single broad, hyaline lamellipodium with inferior triangular pseudopodia at the edge directing the movement. Behind the lamellipodium there's a thick region of cytoplasm with granules containing a contractile vacuole usually posterior to the single nucleus. There is a big nucleolus with a diameter at least half of the nucleus' diameter. There is a centrosomal region near the nucleus with a Golgi apparatus, other vesicles, and an electron-dense lamellate microtubule-organizing center, which is visibly smaller and less lamellate than those seen in other acanthamoeboid genera. The amoeba is thickest near the contractile vacuole and the nucleus, and tapers gradually toward the edges, giving the overall appearance of a small shield volcano. The floating form is round, although not smooth. No flagella have been seen. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protacanthamoeba
''Protacanthamoeba'' is a genus of free-living naked amoebae of the family Acanthamoebidae described in 1981. It has been found in associations with mycobacteria in drinking water networks, along with other Acanthamoebidae genera, likely allowing the replication of both environmental and pathogenic mycobacteria. Morphology Members of ''Protacanthamoeba'' are characterized by having slender, flexible and sometimes furcate subpseudopodia originated from a broad, hyaline lobose pseudopodium, as well as having centrospheres in its interior, including a plaque-shaped centriole-like body. Their cysts lack preformed pores or opercula. Taxonomy ''Protacanthamoeba'' contains 3 species: * '' Protacanthamoeba bohemica'' * '' Protacanthamoeba caledonica'' * '' Protacanthamoeba invadens'' (previously ''Acanthamoeba ''Acanthamoeba'' is a genus of amoeboid, amoebae that are commonly recovered from soil, fresh water, and other habitat (ecology), habitats. The genus ''Acanthamoeba'' has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dracoamoeba
''Dracoamoeba'' is a free-living genus of discosean amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae containing the sole species ''Dracoamoeba jomungandri'', discovered in 2016 in moist muddy soil close to the ocean shore at Chincoteague, Virginia (United States). Etymology The generic name ''Dracoamoeba'' comes from the Latin “Draco”, meaning “dragon”, which is what the forms of this amoeba resemble. The specific epithet ''jomungandri'' comes from Jörmungandr, the oceanic sea serpent of norse mythology. Morphology Members of ''Dracoamoeba'' are amoebae with ramose pseudopodia capable of forming one lamellipodium with acanthapodial (i.e. tooth-shaped) subpseudopodia. Pseudopodia of all forms are made up of hyaloplasm, a hyaline cytoplasm that composes the pseudopodia, and are used for locomotion and feeding. Their cell body is made of granuloplasm, a granulose cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus as opposed to the hyaloplasm. In particular, ''D. jomungandri'' exhibits long, taper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vacuolamoeba
''Vacuolamoeba'' is a monotypic genus of free-living discosean amoebae in the family Acanthamoebidae containing the sole species ''Vacuolamoeba acanthoformis'', discovered, in 2016, at high-altitude soil in Tibet. Etymology The generic name ''Vacuolamoeba'' references the large size and prominence of the contractile vacuoles. The specific epithet ''acanthoformis'' comes from the latin "Acantho", meaning "spine", and references the spiny shape of the pseudopodia produced, as well as the species' resemblance to ''Acanthamoeba'' species. Morphology Members of ''Vacuolamoeba'' are irregular amoebae with diversely shaped pseudopodia and an anterior hyaloplasmic lamellipodium free of cytoplasmic inclusions. Their acanthopodial (tooth-shaped) extensions can form from all areas of the cell body. Occasionally, the cells produce filose uroidal extensions in their locomotive form. The cells mostly have one vesicular nucleus with a central nucleolus, although cells with two nuclei have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protacanthamoeba Bohemica
''Protacanthamoeba bohemica''Dykova, I., Veverkova-Fialova, M., Fiala, I. & Dvorakova, H. (2005). ''Protacanthamoeba bohemica'' sp. n., isolated from the liver of tench '' Tinca tinca'' (Linnaeus, 1758). Acta Protozool 44, 369–376. is a species of Acanthamoebidae Acanthamoebidae is a family of single-celled eukaryotes within the group Amoebozoa. It gets its name from '' Acanthamoeba'', its best-known member. However, it also includes other species, such as '' Comandonia operculata'' and '' Protacanthamoe .... See also * '' Protoacanthamoeba'' References Discosea Amoebozoa species {{Amoebozoa-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discosea
Discosea is a class of Amoebozoa, consisting of naked amoebae with a flattened, discoid body shape. Members of the group do not produce tubular or subcylindrical pseudopodia, like amoebae of the class Tubulinea. When a discosean is in motion, a transparent layer called ''hyaloplasm'' forms at the leading edge of the cell (see lamellipodium). In some discoseans, short "subpseudopodia" may be extended from this hyaloplasm, but the granular contents of the cell do not flow into these, as in true pseudopodia. Discosean amoebae lack hard shells, but some, like ''Cochliopodium'' and '' Korotnevella'' secrete intricate organic scales which may cover the upper (dorsal) surface of the cell. No species have flagella or flagellated stages of life. The composition of Discosea is similar to that of the class Flabellinea, proposed by Alexey Smirnov and his collaborators in 2005. However, Discosea is a more comprehensive taxon, including several groups not included in Flabellinea. In 2011, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centramoebida
Discosea is a class of Amoebozoa, consisting of naked amoebae with a flattened, discoid body shape. Members of the group do not produce tubular or subcylindrical pseudopodia, like amoebae of the class Tubulinea. When a discosean is in motion, a transparent layer called ''hyaloplasm'' forms at the leading edge of the cell (see lamellipodium). In some discoseans, short "subpseudopodia" may be extended from this hyaloplasm, but the granular contents of the cell do not flow into these, as in true pseudopodia. Discosean amoebae lack hard shells, but some, like ''Cochliopodium'' and ''Korotnevella'' secrete intricate organic scales which may cover the upper (dorsal) surface of the cell. No species have flagella or flagellated stages of life. The composition of Discosea is similar to that of the class Flabellinea, proposed by Alexey Smirnov and his collaborators in 2005. However, Discosea is a more comprehensive taxon, including several groups not included in Flabellinea. In 2011, Smi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthamoeba Keratitis
''Acanthamoeba'' keratitis (AK) is a rare disease in which amoebae of the genus ''Acanthamoeba'' invade the clear portion of the front (cornea) of the human eye, eye. It affects roughly 100 people in the United States each year. ''Acanthamoeba'' are protozoa found nearly ubiquitously in soil and water and can cause infections of the skin, eyes, and central nervous system. Infection of the cornea by ''Acanthamoeba'' is difficult to treat with conventional medications, and AK may cause permanent visual impairment or blindness, due to damage to the cornea or through damage to other structures important to vision. Recently, AK has been recognized as an orphan disease and a funded project, orphan diseases ''Acanthamoeba'' keratitis (ODAK), has tested the effects of a diverse range drugs and biocides on AK. Pathogenesis In the United States, ''Acanthamoeba'' keratitis is nearly always associated with soft contact lens use. ''Acanthamoeba'' spp. is most commonly introduced to the eye b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AIDS
The HIV, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that attacks the immune system. Without treatment, it can lead to a spectrum of conditions including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is a Preventive healthcare, preventable disease. It can be managed with treatment and become a manageable chronic health condition. While there is no cure or vaccine for HIV, Management of HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease, and if used before significant disease progression, can extend the life expectancy of someone living with HIV to a nearly standard level. An HIV-positive person on treatment can expect to live a normal life, and die with the virus, not of it. Effective #Treatment, treatment for HIV-positive people (people living with HIV) involves a life-long regimen of medicine to suppress the virus, making the viral load undetectable. Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. An HIV-positive person who has an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis
Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a rare, often fatal, subacute-to-chronic central nervous system disease caused by certain species of free-living amoebae of the genera ''Acanthamoeba'', ''Balamuthia mandrillaris, Balamuthia'' and ''Sappinia''. The term is most commonly used with ''Acanthamoeba''. In more modern references, the term "balamuthia amoebic encephalitis" (BAE) is commonly used when ''Balamuthia mandrillaris'' is the cause. Similarly, Sappinia amoebic encephalitis (SAE) is the name for amoebic encephalitis caused by species of ''Sappinia''. Symptoms and signs GAE starts slowly, with symptoms like headache, nausea, dizziness, irritability and a low-grade fever. The CNS symptoms depend on the part of the brain that is infected. Changes in behavior are an important sign. Other CNS signs may include seizures, focal neurologic signs, diplopia (double vision), cranial nerve palsies, ataxia, confusion, and personality changes. Some of the symptoms may mimic glioma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogens
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest or most pers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
