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Abzakh Adyghe Dialect
The Abzakh dialect (; ) is one of the Adyghe language dialects. The Abzakh dialect is spoken by the Abzakh which are one of the largest Circassians, Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea alongside Shapsugs. Phonology Historically, Proto-Circassian language, Proto-Circassian had 6 distinct consonants: * * * * * * Then, in the Abzakh and Kabardian dialects, the affricate postalveolar consonants became fricative: * → * → / * → * → / * → For example: *The Proto-Circassian word кӏэкӏьын "to come out from under" became щӏэкӏьын in Kabardian and ӏекӏьын in Abzakh. *The Proto-Circassian word кӏэгъуэжьын "to regret" became щӏэгъуэжын in Kabardian & ӏегъуэжьын Abzakh. *The Proto-Circassian word пакӏэ "mustache" became пащӏэ in both Kabardian & Abzakh. *The Proto-Circassian word кӏалэ "boy; young man" became щӏалэ in Kabardian and ӏелэ in Abzakh. *The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders of Russia, land borders with fourteen countries. Russia is the List of European countries by population, most populous country in Europe and the List of countries and dependencies by population, ninth-most populous country in the world. It is a Urbanization by sovereign state, highly urbanised country, with sixteen of its urban areas having more than 1 million inhabitants. Moscow, the List of metropolitan areas in Europe, most populous metropolitan area in Europe, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, while Saint Petersburg is its second-largest city and Society and culture in Saint Petersburg, cultural centre. Human settlement on the territory of modern Russia dates back to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sibilant
Sibilants (from 'hissing') are fricative and affricate consonants of higher amplitude and pitch, made by directing a stream of air with the tongue towards the teeth. Examples of sibilants are the consonants at the beginning of the English words ''sip'', ''zip'', ''ship'', and ''genre''. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet used to denote the sibilant sounds in these words are, respectively, . Sibilants have a characteristically intense sound, which accounts for their paralinguistic use in getting one's attention (e.g. calling someone using "psst!" or quieting someone using "shhhh!"). Overview In the hissing sibilants and , the back of the tongue forms a narrow channel (is '' grooved'') to focus the stream of air more intensely, resulting in a high pitch. With the hushing sibilants (occasionally termed ''shibilants''), such as English , , , and , the tongue is flatter, and the resulting pitch lower. A broader category is stridents, which include more fricati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shapsug Adyghe Dialect
The Shapsug dialect (; ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, which are one of the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea, alongside Abzakhs. The Shapsug dialect is very similar to the Natukhai dialect and together, they make the Black Sea coast dialects of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect consists of three main sub dialects: Great Shapsug (North Shapsug), Small Shapsug (South Shapsug) and Hakuchi. The Shapsug dialect is best known as the dialect with palatalized velar stops. Subdialects *The Black Sea coast dialects ** Natukhai dialect () **Shapsug dialect () ***North Shapsugs, Great Shapsugs, Kuban Shapsugs dialect (Шапсыгъэ шху). **** Kfar Kama dialect (Кфар Камэм ишапсыгъэбзэ): Shapsug dialect spoken by the villagers of Kfar Kama in Israel. ***South Shapsugs, Small Shapsugs, Coastal Shapsugs Black Sea Shapsugs (Шапсыгъэ-цӏыкӏу) dialect. ** Hakuchi dialect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bzhedug Adyghe Dialect
The Bzhedug dialect () is a dialect of Adyghe. The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga. Phonology Dropped consonants In the Bzhedug dialect (as in the Northern Shapsug dialect) in some cases the consonants н , м and р are dropped and are not pronounced. * The consonant м is dropped before stops б , п , пI : * The consonant н is dropped before |
Kfar Kama Adyghe Dialect
Kfar Kama dialect () is a subdialect of the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe spoken by the villagers of the village Kfar Kama in Israel. Phonology The Kfar Kama dialect shares a large number of features with other Shapsug dialects such as dropping and not pronouncing н , м and р in some cases, and having the consonants сӏ , гь , кь , кӏь and чъу that correspond to цӏ , дж , ч , кӏ and цу in other Adyghe dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Bzhedug).Переднеязычные мягкие шипящие аффрикаты дж, ч, к1 Also like other Shapsug dialects the Retroflex affr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakuchi Adyghe Dialect
Hakuchi ( or in Hakuchi Adyghe) is a variety of the Shapsug sub-dialect of West Adyghe dialect of the Adyghe language spoken in Turkey. It is considered to be the most archaic variety of Adyghe. Since the Hakuchi are considered an isolated Shapsug clan, their dialect differs little from that of the Shapsug dialect. It is also believed that the Hakuchis are a blend of various Circassian tribes: Shapsug, Ubykh, Abdzakh and others. This is why the Hakuchi dialect has some interesting phonetics in it. Phonology The Hakuchi has an uvular ejective ʼand a labialized uvular ejective ʷʼref name="adygeya-republic phonetic changes adygeya-republic phonetic changes Ларингализация/ref> that correspond to West Adyghe and Kabardian Adyghe glottal stop �and labialized glottal stop �ʷ See also * Ubykh language * Circassian languages ** Adyghe language *** Abzakh Adyghe dialect *** Bzhedug Adyghe dialect *** Shapsug Adyghe dialect **** Kfar Kama Adyghe diale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khakurinokhabl
Khakurinokhabl (; , ''Hekurynehabl'') is a rural locality (an ''aul'') and the administrative center of Shovgenovsky District of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, located on the Fars River, north of Maykop. Population: History Until March 27, 1996, the aul was called Shovgenovsky ().Resolution of the State Council-Khase of the Republic of Adygea #62-1 of March 27, 1996 ''On Restitution of the Historical Name of the "aul of Khakurinokhabl" to the Aul of Shovgenovsky of Shovgenovsky District'' Culture and education There is a museum of Khusen Andrukhayev, a Hero of Soviet Union, founded in 1973 in the aul. As of 2003, there are no educational facilities above the level of secondary school. Ecology The landfill A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials. It is the oldest and most common form of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of waste with daily, intermediate and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, waste was ... of Khaku ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alveolo-palatal Ejective Fricative
The alveolo-palatal ejective fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . Features Features of the alveolo-palatal ejective fricative: Occurrence See also * Index of phonetics articles A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar ej ... External links * {{IPA navigation Fricative consonants Alveolar consonants Palatal consonants Ejectives Oral consonants Central consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glottal Stop
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many Speech communication, spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . As a result of the obstruction of the airflow in the glottis, the glottal vibration either stops or becomes irregular with a low rate and sudden drop in intensity. Features Features of the glottal stop: * It has no phonation at all, as there is no airflow through the glottis. It is voiceless, however, in the sense that it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. Writing In the traditional romanization of many languages, such as Arabic, the glottal stop is transcribed with the Modifier letter apostrophe, apostrophe ʼ, or the symbol ʾ, , which is the source of the IPA character . In many Polynesian languages that use the Latin alphabet, however, the glottal stop is written wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (, ) or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate. Consonants pronounced this way are said to be palatalized and are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet by affixing a superscript ''j'' ⟨ʲ⟩ to the base consonant. Palatalization is not Phonemic contrast, phonemic in English, but it is in Slavic languages such as Russian language, Russian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian, Finnic languages such as Estonian language, Estonian, Karelian language, Karelian, and Võro language, Võro, and other languages such as Irish language, Irish, Marshallese language, Marshallese, Kashmiri language, Kashmiri, and Japanese language, Japanese. Types In technical terms, palatalization refers to the secondary articulation of consonants by which the body of the tongue is raised toward the hard palate and the alveolar ridge during the articulation of the consonant. Such consonants are phon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kabardian Language
Kabardian (), also known as , is a Northwest Caucasian languages, Northwest Caucasian language, that is widely considered to be the eastern dialect of Adyghe language, Adyghe. While some Soviet linguists have treated the two as distinct languages, the Circassians (including Kabardians, Kabardian people) consider the eastern and western language variants to be dialects of one Circassian languages, Circassian language. It is spoken mainly in parts of the North Caucasus republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia (Eastern Circassia), and in Turkey, Jordan and Syria (the extensive post-war diaspora). It has 47 or 48 consonant phonemes, of which 22 or 23 are fricative consonant, fricatives, depending upon whether one counts as phonemic, but it has only 3 phonemic vowels. It is one of very few languages to possess a clear phonemic distinction between ejective affricate consonant, affricates and ejective fricatives. Some linguists argue that Kabardian is only one dial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affricate Consonant
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j'', respectively. Examples The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" ( broadly transcribed as and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, voiced affricates other than are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all. Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German, Kinyarwanda and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or in High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
