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Abu Ishaq Inju
Abu Ishaq Inju, or Abū Esḥāq (1321-58, ) was the last Injuid ruler from 1343 to 1357. He was the youngest of four sons of Šaraf-al-dīn Maḥmūd Shah b. Moḥammad Īnǰū, who had been the governor of Fārs for the last Mongol Il-khan, Sultan Abu Sa'id, until the latter's death in 1335. Background Following Abu Sa'id's death in 1335, Ilkhanid power desintegrated. An intense seven-year conflict (1335-1342) erupted for the control of southern Iran, between the Chupanids from Tabriz, the Jalayirids of Baghdad, the Muzaffarids of Yazd and the Inju family. The father of Abu Ishaq Inju and all his elder brothers were killed in the conflict. The Chupanid Amir Pir Husayn Chubani, whose nominal ruler was the new Il-Khan Suleiman Khan, gained suzerainty over Fārs and Isfahan. Isfahan was administered by an Ilkhanid Governor in the person of Sultanshah Jandar. Meanwhile, Shiraz was being held by the Injuids Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau (1336–1338/9) and Amir Jalal al-Din ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleiman Khan
Suleiman Khan () was a Chobanids, Chobanid puppet for the throne of the Ilkhanate during the breakdown of central authority in Persia. Life His birth name was Ilyas and he was descended from the great-grandson of the Ilkhan Hülegü Khan, Hülegü's third son Yoshmut. Like Jalayirid puppet Jahan Temür, his ancestors had fallen out of favor in Ilkhanate. Yoshmut lost a kurultai to Abaqa Khan, Abaqa in 1265 and died on 18 Jul 1271. Yoshmut's son and Ilyas' grandfather Sogai were executed for treason against Arghun in 1289. Ilyas was raised to the throne around May 1339 by the Chobanid Hasan Kucek and was given title Suleiman Khan. He then married Sati Beg, who had previously been Hasan Kucek's puppet Ilkhan despite being very younger than her. Suleiman was present at the battle on the Jaghatu against the Jalayirids under Hasan Buzurg in June 1340; the Chobanids emerged victorious. Around 1341 the Sarbadars, in an attempt to foster an alliance with the Chobanids, accepted Hasan Kuc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasanian
The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranians"), was an Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, the length of the Sasanian dynasty's reign over ancient Iran was second only to the directly preceding Arsacid dynasty of Parthia. Founded by Ardashir I, whose rise coincided with the decline of Arsacid influence in the face of both internal and external strife, the House of Sasan was highly determined to restore the legacy of the Achaemenid Empire by expanding and consolidating the Iranian nation's dominions. Most notably, after defeating Artabanus IV of Parthia during the Battle of Hormozdgan in 224, it began competing far more zealously with the neighbouring Roman Empire than the Arsacids had, thus sparking a new phase of the Roman–Iranian Wars. This effort by Ardashir's dynasty ultimately re-established Iran as a major power of late antiquity.Norman A. Stillman ''The Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubayd Zakani
Khwajeh Nizam al-Din Ubayd Allah al-Zakani (; d. 1370), better known as Ubayd Zakani (), was a Persian poet of the Mongol era, regarded as one of the best satirists in Persian literature. His most famous work is '' Mush-o Gorbeh'' ("Mouse and Cat"), a political satire which attacks religious hypocrisy. Although a highly popular figure in his own time, Ubayd's work received little attention from modern scholars until recently, due to provocative and bawdy texts in the majority of his works. His style of satire has been compared to the French Enlightenment writer Voltaire (d. 1778). Background Ubayd was from the Zakani family, which was descended from the Banu Khafaja, an Arab tribe that had immigrated to Qazvin in northern Iran at the start of the Islamic era. The Zakani family was made up of two branches; one being notable for its field in religion, while the other, to which Ubayd belonged, consisted of landowners and bureaucrats. Ubayd himself was born in Qazvin, most likely bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwaju Kermani
Khwaju Kermani (; December 1290 – 1349) was a famous Persian poet and Sufi mystic from Iran. Life He was born in Kerman, Iran on 24 December 1290. His nickname Khwaju is a diminutive of the Persian word ''Khwaja'' which he uses as his poetic penname. This title points to descent from a family of high social status. The nisba (name title) Morshedi display his association with the Persian Sufi master Shaykh Abu Eshaq Kazeruni, the founder of the Morshediyya order. Khwaju died around 1349 in Shiraz, Iran, and his tomb in Shiraz is a popular tourist attraction today. In his youth he visited Egypt, Syria, Jerusalem and Iraq. He also performed the Hajj to Mecca. One purpose of his travels is said to have been education and meeting with scholars of other lands. He composed one of his best known works, ''Homāy o Homāyun'', in Baghdad. Returning to Iranian lands in 1335, he strove to find a position as a court poet by dedicating poems to the rulers of his time, such as the Ilkhan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafez
(), known by his pen name Hafez ( or 'the keeper'; 1325–1390) or Hafiz, “Ḥāfeẓ” designates someoone who has learned the Qurʾān by heart" also known by his nickname Lisan al-Ghaib ('the tongue of the unseen'), was a Persian lyric poet whose collected works are regarded by many Iranians as one of the highest pinnacles of Persian literature. His works are often found in the homes of Persian speakers, who learn his poems by heart and use them as everyday proverbs and sayings. His life and poems have become the subjects of much analysis, commentary, and interpretation, influencing post-14th century Persian writing more than any other Persian author. Hafez is best known for his '' Divān'', a collection of his surviving poems probably compiled after his death. His works can be described as " antinomian" and with the medieval use of the term "theosophical"; the term "theosophy" in the 13th and 14th centuries was used to indicate mystical work by "authors only inspired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frontispiece (King Abu Ishaq Hunting)
Frontispiece may refer to: * Frontispiece (books), a decorative illustration facing a book's title page * Frontispiece (architecture) In architecture, the term frontispiece is used to describe the Façade, principal face of the building, usually referring to a combination of elements that frame and decorate the main or front entrance of a building. The earliest and most notable v ..., the combination of elements that frame and decorate the main, or front, door to a building * ''Frontispiece'' (Unsuk Chin), orchestra by Unsuk Chin {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorestan Province
Lorestan province () is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Khorramabad. Lorestan is in the western part of the country in the Zagros Mountains and covers an area of 28,392 km2. In 2014 it was placed in Region 4. Lorestan is located close to the border with Iraq. Situated in a scenic valley surrounded by mountains, Lorestan lies approximately 100 kilometers (about 62 miles) east of the Iraqi border. Etymology The name ''Lorestan'' means "land of the Lurs." History The ancient history of Lorestan is closely intertwined with the rest of the Ancient Near East. In the 3rd and 4th millennium BC, migrant tribes settled down in the mountainous area of the Zagros Mountains. The Kassites, an ancient people who spoke neither an Indo-European nor a Semitic language, originated in Lorestān. They would control Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire ca. 1531 BC and until ca. 1155 BC. Parts of Luristan were invaded and settled by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yagi Basti
Yagi Basti (d. c. 1344) was a member of the Chobanid family and the ruler of Shiraz for a part of 1343. He was the son of Amir Chupan by his second wife. Career Like most of the other Chobanids, Yagi Basti threw his support behind his nephew Hasan Kuchak when the latter took control of northwestern Iran in 1338. Eventually, however, he had a falling out with Hasan Kuchak and fled to the court of the Jalayirid Hasan Buzurg, who controlled Baghdad, in 1341. There he met the Injuid Mas'ud Shah and formed a plan to seize the city of Shiraz from Pir Hosayn, who was Yagi Basti's cousin. The two led an army to take Shiraz, only to learn that Pir Hosayn had lost the city to another Injuid, Abu Ishaq. This did not stop Yagi Basti and Mas'ud Shah from entering Shiraz; once the two had gained control, Yagi Basti murdered Mas'ud and seized power for himself. Without his Injuid ally, however, Yagi Basti had little support within the city, and in March 1343 he was forced out by supporters of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasan Kuchak
Hasan Kuchak or Ḥasan-i Kūchik (; 1319 – 15 December 1343) was a Chupanid prince during the 14th century. He is credited with setting up a nearly independent Chupanid state in Iran during the struggles taking place in the aftermath of the Ilkhanate. He effectively became kingmaker like his namesake Hasan Buzurg. Early life He was born to Timurtash and his wife Daulat Khatun during his viceroyalty in Anatolia. However Hasan's father was executed by the Mamelukes in 1328, forcing Hasan to go into hiding from his father's rivals for a while. Hasan's rise to power began three years after the death of the last powerful Ilkhan, Abu Sa'id. The Jalayirids under Hasan Buzurg had recently mastered western Persia, putting a puppet Muhammad Khan on the Ilkhanid throne in 1336. Hasan attempted to unify the fragmented Chobanid family. Claiming his father was alive, he used a slave named Qara Jari (a possible offspring of Hasan's grandfather Chupan) to impersonate him. The widows of Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malek Ashraf
Malek Ashraf (), (–1357) was a Chupanid ruler of northwestern Iran during the 14th century. He was the last of the Chupanids to possess a significant influence within Ilkhanate. His regnal name was Giyas al-Din Shah Malek Ashraf (). Early years He was the second son of Timurtash and his wife Daulat Khatun, born sometime after Hasan Kuchak. He was imprisoned with his brothers in Karahisar by Abu Sa'id after their father's execution. Malek Ashraf distinguished himself while serving under his brother Hasan Kuchak, defeating an army of Khurasan sent by Togha Temur against Hasan in 1341. He then became embroiled in the conflict with the Injuids over Shiraz. Malek Ashraf received a request for assistance by the Injuid Abu Ishaq against his cousin Pir Hosayn, following which Malek defeated Pir Hosayn in August 1342, allowing Abu Ishaq to temporarily regain control of Shiraz. De facto reign Upon the death of Hasan Kuchak in 1343, the Chobanid lands were at first split between M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
