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Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan (1 April 1936 – 10 October 2021) was a Pakistani Nuclear physics, nuclear physicist and metallurgist, metallurgical engineer. He is colloquially known as the "father of Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Pakistan's atomic weapons program". A Muhajir (Pakistan), Muhajir emigrant from India who migrated to Pakistan in 1952, Khan was educated in the metallurgical engineering departments of Western European technical universities where he pioneered studies in phase transitions of alloy, metallic alloys, uranium metallurgy, and isotope separation based on gas centrifuges. After learning of India's "Smiling Buddha" nuclear test in 1974, Khan joined his nation's clandestine efforts to develop atomic weapons when he founded the Khan Research Laboratories (KRL) in 1976 and was both its chief scientist and director for many years. In January 2004, Khan was subjected to a debriefing by the Pervez Musharraf#Chief Executive of Pakistan, Musharraf administration ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishan-i-Imtiaz
The Nishan-e-Imtiaz (; ) is one of the state organized Civil decorations of Pakistan, civil decorations of Pakistan. It is awarded for achievements towards world recognition for Pakistan or outstanding service for the country. However, the award is not limited to citizens of Pakistan and, while it is a civilian award, it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform. Nishan, translating as decoration/order/mark, is a highly restricted and prestigious award, roughly equivalent to Presidential Medal of Freedom (United States) and Order of the British Empire (United Kingdom), and is the first category award of Order of Imtiaz. The other three descending categories are Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Sitara-i-Imtiaz and Tamgha-e-Imtiaz. Usually, it is regarded as the highest award one can achieve in Pakistan since the higher award Nishan-e-Pakistan is awarded only to foreign Heads of States. The Nishan-e-Imtiaz was established on 19 March 1957, following the proclamation of Pak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Science And Technology (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Science and Technology (, wazarat-e-science-o-technology) (abbreviated as MoST) is a Cabinet of Pakistan, Cabinet-level Ministry (government department), Ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with science and technology in Pakistan, Science and Technology in Pakistan and in general, Pakistan's science policy, planning, coordination and directing of efforts to initiate and launch scientific and technological programs as well as projects aimed at economic development. The ministry is coordinated by the Federal Minister for Science and Technology who is currently Agha Hassan Baloch and is headquartered in Islamabad. Mission To achieve the security, prosperity and social cohesion of Pakistan through equitable and sustainable socio-economic progress using science, technology and innovation as central pillars of development in all sectors of economic activity. The principle agenda of the MoST is building Pakistan's technological competence in the 21st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani barrister and politician who served as the fourth president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and later as the ninth Prime Minister of Pakistan, prime minister of Pakistan from 1973 until his 1977 Pakistani military coup, overthrow in 1977. He was also the founder and first chairman of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) from 1967 until his execution in 1979. Born in Sindh and educated at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Oxford, Bhutto trained as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn before entering Pakistani politics, politics. He was a cabinet member during President Iskandar Ali Mirza's tenure, holding various ministries during president Ayub Khan's military rule from 1958. Bhutto became the Foreign Minister of Pakistan, Foreign Minister in 1963, advocating for Operation Gibraltar in Kashmir, leading to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, 1965 war with India. Following the Tashkent Declaration, he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Munir Ahmad Khan
Munir Ahmad Khan (; 20 May 1926 – 22 April 1999), , was a Pakistani nuclear engineer who is credited, among others, with being the "father of the atomic bomb program" of Pakistan for their leading role in developing their nation's nuclear weapons during the successive years after the war with India in 1971. From 1972 to 1991, Khan served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) who directed and oversaw the completion of the clandestine bomb program from its earliest efforts to develop the atomic weapons to their ultimate nuclear testings in May 1998. His early career was mostly spent in the International Atomic Energy Agency and he used his position to help establish the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Italy and an annual conference on physics in Pakistan. As chair of PAEC, Khan was a proponent of the nuclear arms race with India whose efforts were directed towards concentrated production of reactor-grade to weapon-grade plutoni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metallurgist
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals, including the production of metals and the engineering of metal components used in products for both consumers and manufacturers. Metallurgy is distinct from the craft of metalworking. Metalworking relies on metallurgy in a similar manner to how medicine relies on medical science for technical advancement. A specialist practitioner of metallurgy is known as a metallurgist. The science of metallurgy is further subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mineral processing, the extraction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons. Discoveries in nuclear physics have led to applications in many fields such as nuclear power, nuclear weapons, nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, industrial and agricultural isotopes, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology. Such applications are studied in the field of nuclear engineering. Particle physics evolved out of nuclear physics and the two fields are typically taught in close association. Nuclear astrophysics, the application of nuclear physics to astrophysics, is crucial in explaining the inner workings of stars and the origin of the chemical elements. History The history of nuclear physics as a discipline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urenco Group
The Urenco Group is a British-German-Dutch nuclear fuel consortium operating several uranium enrichment plants in Germany, the Netherlands, United States, and United Kingdom. It supplies nuclear power stations in about 15 countries, and states that it had a 29% share of the global market for enrichment services in 2011. Urenco uses centrifuge enrichment technology. Urenco, headquartered in Stoke Poges, England, is owned one third by the UK government, one third by the Dutch government, and the final third equally by two major German utilities, E.ON and RWE. Group structure Ownership Urenco is owned in three equal parts by Ultra-Centrifuge Nederland NV (owned by the Government of the Netherlands), Uranit GmbH (owned equally by German energy companies E.ON and RWE) and Enrichment Holdings Ltd (owned by the Government of the United Kingdom and managed by UK Government Investments). The company was set up in 1971, pursuant to the Treaty of Almelo (named after the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamdard University
Hamdard University () is a private research university with campuses in Karachi and Islamabad, Pakistan.University Overview of Hamdard University on uniRank (Australian University Ranking website) Retrieved 10 May 2021 It was founded in 1991 by the philanthropist Hakim Said of the Hamdard Foundation. It is one of the first and oldest private institutions of higher education in Pakistan, and also is the largest private research university in , with a campus area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute Of Engineering Sciences And Technology
The Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (; ; commonly referred as GIKI) is a private research university located in Topi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The institute has a campus that is located in the vicinity of Swabi District. It was founded by the former President of Pakistan, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, in 1993. GIK is one of the top institutions ranked by the Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Higher Education Commission (HEC). History The GIK Institute is a private educational institution, named after former bureaucrat and former President of Pakistan Ghulam Ishaq Khan. The project was delegated to Pakistani scientist, Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, who was one of the founding members of the institute and was once registered as an associate professor of physics. The genesis of the Institute can be traced back to the early 1950s when Ghulam Ishaq Khan became acutely aware of Pakistan's dependence on foreign expertise and imported technology. Out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khan Research Laboratories
The Dr. A. Q. Khan Research Laboratories (shortened as KRL), is a federally funded research and development laboratory located in Kahuta at a short distance from Rawalpindi in Punjab, Pakistan. Established in 1976, the laboratory is best known for its central role in Pakistan's nuclear weapons program and its understanding the nuclear science. Established in 1976, it was originally organized as a top-secret plant dedicated to enrichment as a response to the India's detonation of its first nuclear bomb in 1974. Chosen for its remote yet relatively accessible location from Rawalpindi. In the 1970s, the site was the cornerstone of the first stage of Pakistan's atomic bomb program, and serves as the center for conducting the nuclear scientific research. It is globally known for its research in gas centrifuges to produce the enriched uranium; and in past, it has competed with the PINSTECH on wide variety of weapon designs but it is now have focused in civilian missions, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metallurgical Engineering
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys. Metallurgy encompasses both the science and the technology of metals, including the production of metals and the engineering of metal components used in products for both consumers and manufacturers. Metallurgy is distinct from the craft of metalworking. Metalworking relies on metallurgy in a similar manner to how medicine relies on medical science for technical advancement. A specialist practitioner of metallurgy is known as a metallurgist. The science of metallurgy is further subdivided into two broad categories: chemical metallurgy and physical metallurgy. Chemical metallurgy is chiefly concerned with the reduction and oxidation of metals, and the chemical performance of metals. Subjects of study in chemical metallurgy include mineral processing, the extraction o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan
Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan (TTP) (; ''Movement for the Protection of Pakistan'') was a political party in Pakistan founded and led by nuclear scientist Abdul Qadeer Khan. The party is registered at the Election Commission of Pakistan and is headquartered in Islamabad. It participated in the Pakistani general elections of 2013. In September 2013, the party was dissolved by Abdul Qadeer Khan. Introduction The Tehreek-e-Tahaffuz-e-Pakistan was formed to defend Pakistan's geographic boundaries and to develop strong socio-economic principles. This aim was to lead the Pakistani nation towards Quaid-e-Azam's dream of an Islamic, democratic welfare state and to build a strong Pakistan for future generations. Abdul Qadeer Khan took up this challenge and this Tahreek aimed to follow his guidelines and aspirations to achieve its objectives. History When the Pakistani nation was demoralized after the separation of East Pakistan East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
