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Abbas Ali Khalatbari
Abbas Ali Khalatbari (; 1912 – 11 April 1979), also known as Abbas Ali Khal'atbari, was an Iranian diplomat, who served as the minister of foreign affairs from 1971 to 1978. He was among the significant diplomats who shaped the foreign relations of Iran during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He is one of the Shah era politicians who were executed following the Iranian Revolution. Early years and education Khalatbari was born in 1912. He was a member of a well-established family. Khalatbari pursued his education in Paris where he received a degree in political science from the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris in 1936, and a PhD degree in law in 1938. Career Khalatbari was a career diplomat. He began his career in the finance ministry in 1940 and then joined the foreign ministry in 1942. He briefly served as Iran's ambassador to Poland in 1961. Khalatbari was appointed secretary general of CENTO in January 1962, replacing Mirza Osman Ali Baig in the post. Khalatbari ...
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Minister Of Foreign Affairs (Iran)
The minister of foreign affairs of Iran is the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Iran and a member of the Cabinet of Iran, Cabinet. The office is currently held by Abbas Araghchi since 2024. List of ministers Qajar Iran Pahlavi Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Timeline See also * Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Iran), Ministry of Foreign Affairs * Cabinet of Iran References External links

* {{Iran topics Ministers of foreign affairs of Iran, Lists of ministers of foreign affairs, Iran Government ministers of Iran Foreign relations of Iran ...
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The Middle East Journal
''The Middle East Journal'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.). It was established in 1947 and covers research on the modern Middle East, including political, economic, and social developments and historical events in North Africa, the Middle East, Caucasus, and Central Asia. Jacob Passel is the current editor. History The Middle East Institute was founded in 1946 to promote the study of the region in a modern, policy-relevant context. From its outset, one of its priorities was " e editing and publishing of an authoritative journal on Middle Eastern affairs." Accordingly, the first issue of the journal appeared in January 1947. Past Editors * Harvey P. Hall, 1947–1956. * William Sands, 1956–1980. * Richard B. Parker, 1981–1987. * Jean Newsom, 1987–1990. * Christopher Van Hollen Sr., 1990–1992. * Eric Hooglund, 1992–1994. * Mary-Jane Deeb, 1995–1998. * Michael Collins Dunn, 1998–2018. Current ...
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Montreal Gazette
''The Gazette'', also known as the ''Montreal Gazette'', is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper which is owned by Postmedia Network. It is published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is the only English-language daily newspaper currently published in Montreal. Three other daily English-language newspapers shuttered at various times during the second half of the 20th century. It is one of the French-speaking province's last two English-language dailies; the other is the ''Sherbrooke Record'', which serves the anglophone community in Sherbrooke and the Eastern Townships southeast of Montreal. Founded in 1778 by Fleury Mesplet, ''The Gazette'' is Quebec's oldest daily newspaper and the oldest continuously published newspaper in Canada. The oldest newspaper overall is the English-language ''Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph'', which was established in 1764 and is published weekly. History Fleury Mesplet founded a French-language weekly newspaper called ''La Gazette du c ...
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Islamic Republic Of Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both geographic size and population. It is the sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into five regions with 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's capital, largest city and financial centre. A cradle of civilisation, Iran has been inhabited since the Lower Palaeolithic. The large part of Iran was first unified as a political entity by the Medes under Cyaxares in the seventh century BCE, and reached its territorial height in th ...
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Mansour Rouhani
Mansour Rouhani (Persian: 1922–11 April 1979) was an Iranian politician who held several government posts during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. He was one of the politicians who were murdered after the Islamic revolution in 1979. Biography Rouhani's father followed the Baháʼí Faith whereas his mother was a Muslim. On 7 March 1964 Rouhani was named as the minister of water and power in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Hasan Ali Mansour. Rouhani served in the same post in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Amir-Abbas Hoveyda from 26 January 1965. He also served as the minister of agriculture in the next cabinet of Amir Abbas Hoveyda. He was reappointed to the post on 13 September 1971. Rouhani and many other leading figures close to the Shah were removed from the office in Fall 1978 shortly after the riots and protests occurred in rural parts of Iran. On 13 September 1978 Rouhani was arrested. He was in prison when a regime change took place in Iran in Februa ...
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Reuters
Reuters ( ) is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters. It employs around 2,500 journalists and 600 photojournalists in about 200 locations worldwide writing in 16 languages. Reuters is one of the largest news agencies in the world. The agency was established in London in 1851 by Paul Reuter. The Thomson Corporation of Canada acquired the agency in a 2008 corporate merger, resulting in the formation of the Thomson Reuters Corporation. In December 2024, Reuters was ranked as the 27th most visited news site in the world, with over 105 million monthly readers. History 19th century Paul Julius Reuter worked at a book-publishing firm in Berlin and was involved in distributing radical pamphlets at the beginning of the Revolutions of 1848. These publications brought much attention to Reuter, who in 1850 developed a prototype news service in Aachen using homing pigeons and electric telegraphy from 1851 on, in order to transmit messages between Brussels and Aachen, in what today is Aa ...
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The Globe And Mail
''The Globe and Mail'' is a Newspapers in Canada, Canadian newspaper printed in five cities in Western Canada, western and central Canada. With a weekly readership of more than 6 million in 2024, it is Canada's most widely read newspaper on weekdays and Saturdays, although it falls slightly behind the ''Toronto Star'' in overall weekly circulation because the ''Star'' publishes a Sunday edition, whereas the ''Globe'' does not. ''The Globe and Mail'' is regarded by some as Canada's "newspaper of record". ''The Globe and Mail''s predecessors, ''The Globe (Toronto newspaper), The Globe'' and ''The Daily Mail and Empire'' were both established in the 19th century. The former was established in 1844, while the latter was established in 1895 through a merger of ''The Toronto Mail'' and ''The Empire (Toronto), The Empire''. In 1936, ''The Globe'' and ''The Mail and Empire'' merged to form ''The Globe and Mail''. The newspaper was acquired by FP Publications in 1965, who later sold the p ...
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SAVAK
The Bureau for Intelligence and Security of the State (), shortened to as SAVAK () or S.A.V.A.K. () was the secret police of the Imperial State of Iran. It was established in Tehran in 1957 by national security law. and continued to operate until the Islamic Revolution in 1979, when it was dissolved by Iranian prime minister Shapour Bakhtiar. At peak, there were around 5,000 SAVAK agents operating under the Pahlavi dynasty. Iranian-American scholar and ex-politician Gholam Reza Afkhami estimates that SAVAK had between 4,000 and 6,000 members, while ''TIME'' stated in a publication on 19 February 1979 that the agency had 5,000 members.SAVAK: "Like the CIA". Feb. 19, 1979
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History


1957–1971

After the
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Mofsed-e-filarz
''Mofsed-e-filarz'' (, also ''Mofsed fel-Arz'', ''Afsad-i fil Arz'', or ''fasad-fel-arz'', ''Al-Mufsid fi al-Arḍ'', also ''fasad fi 'l-ard''; ) is the title of capital crimes, or the person guilty of them, in Iran, which has been translated in English-language sources variously as "spreading corruption on Earth", "spreading corruption that threatens social and political well-being", "corrupt of the Earth; one who is charged with spreading corruption", "gross offenders of the moral order",Language and culture in Persian
Paul Sprauchman,
and "enemies of God on Earth".


Quran, Shariah

In classical and a

Foreign Affairs
''Foreign Affairs'' is an American magazine of international relations and foreign policy of the United States, U.S. foreign policy published by the Council on Foreign Relations, a nonprofit organization, nonprofit, nonpartisan, membership organization and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations, international affairs. Founded on 15 September 1922, the print magazine is published every two months, while the website publishes articles daily and anthologies every other month. ''Foreign Affairs'' is considered one of the United States' most influential foreign-policy magazines. It has published many seminal articles, including George F. Kennan, George Kennan's "X Article" (1947) and Samuel P. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations" (1993). Leading academics, public officials, and members of the policy community regularly contribute to the magazine. Recent ''Foreign Affairs'' authors include Robert O. Keohane, Hillary Clinton, Donald H. Rumsfe ...
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Cabinet Of Jamshid Amouzegar
The cabinet led by Jamshid Amouzegar was announced on 7 August 1977. It succeeded the Government of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (1974–1977), last cabinet of Amir-Abbas Hoveyda who submitted his resignation on 6 August. Major goal of Amouzegar's cabinet was to implement a new liberal economic program to stop inflation. The cabinet significantly decreased the annual financial aid given to mosques and religious organizations which had very negative effects on the relations between the state and religious establishment. The cabinet lasted only for one year until 27 August 1978 when Jamshid Amouzegar resigned from office. The reason for his resignation was the increased demonstrations of religious establishment and the fire occurred in Cinema Rex fire, Cinema Rex in Abadan on 19 August. The next cabinet was formed by Jafar Sharif-Emami. List of ministers Most of the ministers who had served in the previous cabinet led by Amir-Abbas Hoveyda retained their posts. Nearly all of the cabinet mem ...
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Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden. Its programme includes textbooks, journals, monographs, professional and reference works in print and online. It maintains offices in London, New York City, New York, Shanghai, Melbourne, Sydney, Hong Kong, Delhi and Johannesburg. Palgrave Macmillan was created in 2000 when St. Martin's Press in the US united with Macmillan Publishers in the UK to combine their worldwide academic publishing operations. The company was known simply as Palgrave until 2002, but has since been known as Palgrave Macmillan. It is a subsidiary of Springer Nature. Until 2015, it was part of the Macmillan Publishers, Macmillan Group and therefore wholly owned by the German publishing company Holtzbrinck Publishing Group (which still owns a controlling interest in Springer Nature). As part of Macmillan, it was headquartered at the Macmillan campus in Kings Cross, London with other Macmilla ...
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