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ATC Code A10
A10A Insulins and analogues A10AB Insulins and analogues for injection, fast-acting :A10AB01 Insulin (human) :A10AB02 Insulin (beef) :A10AB03 Insulin (pork) :A10AB04 Insulin lispro :A10AB05 Insulin aspart :A10AB06 Insulin glulisine :A10AB30 Combinations A10AC Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate-acting :A10AC01 Insulin (human) :A10AC02 Insulin (beef) :A10AC03 Insulin (pork) :A10AC04 Insulin lispro :A10AC30 Combinations A10AD Insulins and analogues for injection, intermediate- or long-acting combined with fast-acting :A10AD01 Insulin (human) :A10AD02 Insulin (beef) :A10AD03 Insulin (pork) :A10AD04 Insulin lispro :A10AD05 Insulin aspart :A10AD06 Insulin degludec and insulin aspart :A10AD30 Combinations A10AE Insulins and analogues for injection, long-acting :A10AE01 Insulin (human) :A10AE02 Insulin (beef) :A10AE03 Insulin (pork) :A10AE04 Insulin glargine :A10AE05 Insulin detemir :A10AE06 Insulin degludec :A10AE30 Combinations :A10AE54 Insulin glargine and lix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insulin
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats ( triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the case of the liver, into both. Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells. Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread catabolism, espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfonylurea
Sulfonylureas (UK: sulphonylurea) are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture, for example as antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas. A number of sulfonylureas are also used as herbicides, because they can interfere with plant biosynthesis of certain amino acids. Sulfonylureas are also used experimentally to inhibit interleukin 1 beta release from the NALP3 (or NLRP3) inflammasome. Drugs * First-generation drugs include acetohexamide, carbutamide, chlorpropamide, glycyclamide (tolcyclamide), metahexamide, tolazamide and tolbutamide. * Second-generation drugs include glibenclamide (glyburide), glibornuride, gliclazide, glipizide, gliquidone, glisoxepide and glyclopyramide. * Third-generation drugs include glimepiride, although it is sometimes considered a second-generation agent. Medical uses Sulfonylureas are used primarily for the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acetohexamide
Acetohexamide (trade name Dymelor) is a first-generation sulfonylurea medication used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2, particularly in people whose diabetes cannot be controlled by diet alone. Mechanism of action Acetohexamide bind to an ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells. This inhibits the out flux of potassium, which causes the membrane potential to become more positive. This depolarization in turn opens voltage-gated calcium channels. The rise in intracellular calcium Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to ... leads to increased fusion of insulin granulae with the cell membrane, and therefore increased secretion of insulin. Risks Oral hypoglycemic drugs, including acetohexamide, have been associated with increased cardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glimepiride
Glimepiride, is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is less preferred than metformin. Use is recommended together with diet and exercise. It is taken by mouth. Glimepiride takes up to three hours for maximum effect and lasts for about a day. Common side effects include headache, nausea, and dizziness. Serious side effects may include low blood sugar. Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not recommended. It works mainly by increasing the amount of insulin released from the pancreas. It is classified as a second-generation sulfonylurea. Glimepiride was patented in 1979 and approved for medical use in 1995. It is available as a generic medication. In 2020, it was the 87th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 8million prescriptions. Medical uses Glimepiride is indicated to treat Diabetes mellitus type 2, type 2 diabetes mellitus; its mode of action is to increase insulin secretion by the pancreas. However it req ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glisoxepide
Glisoxepide (INN) is an orally available anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylurea Sulfonylureas (UK: sulphonylurea) are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture, for example as antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta ...s. It belongs to second-generation sulfonylureas. References Potassium channel blockers Azepanes Carboxamides Isoxazoles Benzenesulfonylureas {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metahexamide
Metahexamide (INN) is an anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylurea Sulfonylureas (UK: sulphonylurea) are a class of organic compounds used in medicine and agriculture, for example as antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta ...s. It is long-acting and belongs to the first-generation cyclohexyl-containing sulfonylureas. It was first described in 1959. References Potassium channel blockers 1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylureas {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gliclazide
Gliclazide, sold under the brand name Diamicron among others, is a sulfonylurea type of anti-diabetic medication, used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used when dietary changes, exercise, and weight loss are not enough. It is taken by mouth. Side effect may include low blood sugar, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash, and liver problems. Use by those with significant kidney problems or liver problems or who are pregnant is not recommended. Gliclazide is in the sulfonylurea family of medications. It works mostly by increasing the release of insulin. Gliclazide was patented in 1966 and approved for medical use in 1972. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is not available for sale in the United States. Medical uses Gliclazide is used for control of hyperglycemia in gliclazide-responsive diabetes mellitus of stable, mild, non-ketosis prone, type 2 diabetes. It is used when diabetes cannot be controlled by proper dietary management and exerci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gliquidone
Gliquidone (INN, sold under the trade name Glurenorm) is an anti-diabetic medication in the sulfonylurea class. It is classified as a second-generation sulfonylurea. It is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. It is marketed by the pharmaceutical company Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany). Contraindications * Allergy to sulfonylureas or sulfonamides * Diabetes mellitus type 1 * Diabetic ketoacidosis * Patients that underwent removal of the pancreas * Acute porphyria * Severe liver disease accompanying with liver insufficiency * Several conditions (e.g., infectious diseases or major surgical intervention), when insulin administration is required * Pregnancy or breastfeeding Pharmacokinetics Gliquidone is fully metabolized by the liver. Its metabolites are excreted virtually completely with bile (even with long-term administration), thus allowing the use of medication in diabetic patients with kidney disease and diabetic nephropathy Diabetic nephropathy, also known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glipizide
Glipizide, sold under the brand name Glucotrol among others, is an anti-diabetic medication of the sulfonylurea class used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is used together with a diabetic diet and exercise. It is not indicated for use by itself in type 1 diabetes. It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within half an hour and can last for up to a day. Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, low blood sugar, and headache. Other side effects include sleepiness, skin rash, and shakiness. The dose may need to be adjusted in those with liver or kidney disease. Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is not recommended. It works by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. Glipizide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984. It is available as a generic medication A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that contains the same chemical substance as a drug that was originally protected by chemical pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbutamide
Carbutamide (brand name Glucidoral) is an anti-diabetic drug of the sulfonylurea class, developed by Servier. It is classified as first-generation. It was patented A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ... in 1953 and approved for medical use in 1956. See also * Hellmuth Kleinsorge (1920-2001) German medical doctor References Potassium channel blockers Benzenesulfonylureas Anilines {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tolazamide
Tolazamide is an oral blood glucose lowering drug used for people with Type 2 diabetes. It is part of the sulfonylurea family (ATC A10BB). Synthesis ''para''-Toluenesulfonamide is converted to its carbamate with ethyl chloroformate in the presence of a base. Heating that intermediate with 1-amino-azepane Azepane is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)6NH. It is a colorless liquid. A cyclic secondary amine, it is a precursor to several drugs and pesticides. It is produced by partial hydrogenolysis of hexamethylene diamine. Like many amine ... leads to the displacement of the ethoxy group and the formation of tolazemide: Azepane proper would lead to 3078-23-4 References External links * Potassium channel blockers Benzenesulfonylureas Azepanes p-Tosyl compounds {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glibornuride
Glibornuride (INN) is an anti-diabetic drug from the group of sulfonylureas. It is manufactured by MEDA Pharma and sold in Switzerland under the brand name Glutril. Synthesis Gliburnide is an endo-endo derivative made from camphor-3-carboxamide by borohydride reduction (exo approach), followed by Hofmann rearrangement to carbamate In organic chemistry, a carbamate is a category of organic compounds with the general formula and structure , which are formally derived from carbamic acid (). The term includes organic compounds (e.g., the ester ethyl carbamate), formall ..., followed by displacement with sodium tosylamide. References Potassium channel blockers Secondary alcohols 1-(Benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylureas p-Tosyl compounds {{gastrointestinal-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
