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5-APBT
5-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (5-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a potent serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. It has approximately 4- and 9-fold preference for induction of serotonin release over norepinephrine and dopamine release, respectively, in rat brain synaptosomes. 5-APBT does not increase locomotor activity in rodents and hence does not appear to have stimulant-like effects. However, it does produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, and hence may have hallucinogenic effects. 5-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 5-MAPBT * 6-APBT * 5-APB 5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran") is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the phen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Benzothiophene
The substituted benzothiophenes are a class of chemical compounds based on benzothiophene. They are closely related to the substituted benzofurans, substituted tryptamines, and to other chemical groups such as the substituted benzodioxoles (or methylenedioxyphenyl compounds). Substituted benzothiophenes include the (2-aminopropyl)benzo �hiophenes (APBTs) 2-APBT, 3-APBT (SKF-6678), 4-APBT, 5-APBT, 5-MAPBT, 6-APBT, 6-MAPBT, and 7-APBT. These drugs have been found to act as serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (SNDRAs) and, in some cases, as potent serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists, analogously to the entactogen MDMA. They do not produce hyperlocomotion in rodents, suggesting that they lack psychostimulant effects. However, those acting as serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonists have been found to induce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. These findings suggest that substituted benzothiophenes may have entactogenic and/or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monoamine Releasing Agent
A monoamine releasing agent (MRA), or simply monoamine releaser, is a drug that induces the release of one or more monoamine neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron into the synapse, leading to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of the neurotransmitters and hence enhanced signaling by those neurotransmitters. The monoamine neurotransmitters include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; MRAs can induce the release of one or more of these neurotransmitters. MRAs work by reversing the direction of the monoamine transporters (MATs), including the serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter (NET), and/or dopamine transporter (DAT), causing them to promote efflux of non-vesicular cytoplasmic monoamine neurotransmitter rather than reuptake of synaptic monoamine neurotransmitter. Many, but not all MRAs, also reverse the direction of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), thereby additionally resulting in efflux of vesicular monoamine neuro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-APBT
3-APBT (former developmental code name SKF-6678), also known as 3-(2-aminopropyl)benzo �hiophene, is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the benzothiophene group. It is an analogue of α-methyltryptamine (AMT) in which the indole ring has been replaced with a benzothiophene ring. The drug acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA). It is also a full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors. 3-APBT produces the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, in rodents. It does not stimulate locomotor activity in rodents, suggesting that it does not possess stimulant-type effects. The drug has been reported be a weak monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), specifically of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) ( = 16,200nM). 3-APBT was developed by Smith, Kline & French (SKF) as a potential pharmaceutical drug in the late 1950s. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-API
5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-API, 5-IT, PAL-571) is an indole and phenethylamine derivative with empathogenic effects. Its preparation was first reported by Albert Hofmann in 1962. It is a designer drug that has been openly sold as a recreational drug by online vendors since 2011. Chemistry Although 5-IT is a positional isomer of the tryptamine drug αMT, the compound is not itself a tryptamine as the indole ring is substituted at the 5 position rather than at the 3 position. The compound is closer chemically to phenethylamine derivatives such as 5-APB. This is reflected in the compound's effects when used as a drug, which are reportedly stimulating rather than psychedelic. Pharmacology 5-IT acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) with values of 12.9nM for dopamine, 13.3nM for norepinephrine, and 104.8nM for serotonin, and is also an MAO-A inhibitor, with an of 200 to 1,600nM. Additional molecular target data have also been reported for 5-I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-APB
5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran") is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and benzofuran families. The drug and other compounds have sometimes been informally called "Benzofury". 5-APB has been sold as a designer drug since 2010. Effects Users describe the effects of 5-APB as including euphoria among others. Largely, its effects reported were similar to those of the drug MDMA but not as strong. The drug has been reported to produce visual disturbances and is said to have mild psychedelic effects. Recreational use of 5-APB has been associated with death in combination with other drugs and solely as the result of 5-APB. Pharmacology 5-APB acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with values for monoamine release of 19nM for serotonin, 21nM for norepinephrine, and 31nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes. It is also a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
6-APBT
6-(2-Aminopropyl)-1-benzothiophene (6-APBT) is a monoamine releasing agent and serotonin receptor agonist of the amphetamine and benzothiophene families. It is related to MDA and other MDA bioisosteres like the benzofurans. The drug acts as a potent and well-balanced serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA) and full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. 6-APBT does not increase locomotor activity in rodents and hence does not appear to have stimulant-like effects. However, it does produce the head-twitch response, a behavioral proxy of psychedelic effects, and hence may have hallucinogenic effects. 6-APBT was first described in the scientific literature by 2020. See also * 5-APBT * 6-APB 6-APB (6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran) is an empathogenic psychoactive drug of the substituted benzofuran and substituted phenethylamine classes. 6-APB and other compounds are sometimes informally called "Benzofury" in newspaper reports. It is ... * 6-APDB * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. It is an amine synthesized by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of its precursor chemical, L-DOPA, which is synthesized in the brain and kidneys. Dopamine is also synthesized in plants and most animals. In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by neurons (nerve cells) to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine pathways, one of which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain, and many addictive drugs increase dopamine release or block its reuptake into neurons following release. Other brain dopamine pathways are involved in motor control and in controllin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-APDB
5-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (5-APDB, 3-Desoxy-MDA, EMA-4) is a putative entactogen drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. It is an analogue of MDA where the heterocyclic 3-position oxygen from the 3,4- methylenedioxy ring has been replaced by a methylene bridge. 6-APDB is an analogue of 5-APDB where the 4-position oxygen has been replaced by a methylene bridge instead. 5-APDB was developed by a team led by David E. Nichols at Purdue University as part of their research into non-neurotoxic analogues of MDMA. Pharmacology In animal drug discrimination studies, 5-APDB's effects generalize most closely to non-stimulant MDMA analogues such as MBDB and MMAI, while producing no substitution for LSD or amphetamine. ''In vitro'' studies show that 5-APDB acts as a highly selective serotonin releasing agent (SSRA), with IC50 values of 130 nM, 7,089 nM, and 3,238 nM for inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, respectively. It also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-MAPBT
5-MAPBT (5-methylaminopropylbenzothiophene) is an empathogenic drug of the benzothiophene group. It is closely related to 5-MAPB but with the oxygen atom replaced by sulfur, changing the core ring structure to benzothiophene rather than benzofuran. It has been patented by Tactogen as an entactogen for potential use as a medicine. See also * 5-MAPDI * BK-5-MAPB * IBF5MAP * MDMA * Methamnetamine Methamnetamine (also known as methylnaphetamine, MNA, MNT, MNAP, PAL-1046, and MY-10) is a triple monoamine releasing agent of the amphetamine and naphthylaminopropane families. It is the ''N''-methyl analog of the non-neurotoxic experimental d ... * TDMA References {{Monoamine releasing agents Benzothiophenes Designer drugs Entactogens Secondary amines Substituted amphetamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original empirical research and theoretical contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as "the literature" within specific research fields. The process of academic publishing involves disseminating research findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as peer review, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors. Original scientific research first published in scientific journals co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hallucinogen
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelics, entheogens, or historically as psychotomimetics, are a large and diverse class of psychoactive drugs that can produce altered states of consciousness characterized by major alterations in thought, mood, and perception as well as other changes. Hallucinogens are often categorized as either being psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants, but not all hallucinogens fall into these three classes. Examples of hallucinogens include psychedelics or serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists like LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, and DMT; dissociatives or NMDA receptor antagonists like ketamine, PCP, DXM, and nitrous oxide; deliriants or antimuscarinics like scopolamine and diphenhydramine; cannabinoids or cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists like THC, nabilone, and JWH-018; κ-opioid receptor agonists like salvinorin A and pentazocine; GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and gaboxadol; and oneirogens like ibogaine and harmaline, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychedelic Drug
Psychedelics are a subclass of hallucinogenic drugs whose primary effect is to trigger non-ordinary mental states (known as psychedelic experiences or "trips") and a perceived "expansion of consciousness". Also referred to as classic hallucinogens or serotonergic hallucinogens, the term ''psychedelic'' is sometimes used more broadly to include various other types of hallucinogens as well, such as those which are atypical or adjacent to psychedelia like salvia and MDMA, respectively. Classic psychedelics generally cause specific psychological, visual, and auditory changes, and oftentimes a substantially altered state of consciousness. They have had the largest influence on science and culture, and include mescaline, LSD, psilocybin, and DMT. There are a large number of both naturally occurring and synthetic serotonergic psychedelics. Most psychedelic drugs fall into one of the three families of chemical compounds: tryptamines, phenethylamines, or lysergamides. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
