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2C2-NBOMe
2C2-NBOMe, also known as 2C-MMDA-2-NBOMe or NBOMe-MMDPEA-2, is a phenethylamine derivative from the 25-NB (NBOMe) family. It is the NBOMe derivative of 2C-MMDA-2 (MMDPEA-2). It acts as a potent agonist at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor with weaker activity at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C, and produces a head-twitch response in animal studies which often correlates with potential for psychedelic effects in humans. It is related in structure to psychedelic phenethylamine derivatives such as MMDA-2 and lophophine (MMDPEA) and is the first phenethylamine derivative with a methylenedioxy substitution on the phenyl ring but no alkyl substitution on the alpha carbon, that has been shown to produce psychedelic-appropriate responding in animals. The drug was first described in the literature by Jason Wallach and colleagues in 2022 and 2023. See also * Substituted methoxyphenethylamine * 25-NB * 25C-NBOMe (NBOMe-2C-C) * DMMDA * MMDA (drug) * MDPEA * NBOMe-mescaline NBOMe-mescaline, also kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2C-MMDA-2
2C-MMDA-2 (2C-2), also known as MMDPEA-2 or 6-methoxy-MDPEA, as well as 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin 5-HT2 receptor agonist of the phenethylamine and methylenedioxyphenethylamine families. "The phenethylamine analog of MMDA-2 has been prepared ..The product, 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethylamine hydrochloride (2C-MMDA-2 2C-2) ..There were no effects observed at up to 2.6 milligrams, but no higher trials were made. ..The 4-carbon homologue was made similarly ..to give 1-(2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminobutane hydrochloride (4C-MMDA-2 4C-2) ..This material has never even been tasted. ..The Tweetio homologue of MMDA-2 has been tasted, however. This is 2-ethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, or EMDA-2. ..At 135 milligrams, there have been reported eyes-closed visual phenomena, with intense colors. The overall duration is similar to MMDA-2 (some 10 hours) and there are reported sleep disturbances. At 185 milligrams, the feelings were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25-NB (psychedelics)
The 25-NB (25''x''-NB''x'') series, or NBOMe series, also known as the ''N''-benzylphenethylamines, is a family of serotonergic psychedelics. They are substituted phenethylamines and were derived from the 2C (psychedelics), 2C family. The most commonly encountered NBOMe drugs are 25I-NBOMe, 25B-NBOMe, and 25C-NBOMe. The NBOMe drugs act as selective agonists of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor, 5-HT2 receptors. The 25-NB family is unique relative to other classes of psychedelics in that they are, generally speaking, extremely potency (pharmacology), potent and quite binding selectivity, selective for the 5-HT2 receptors. Use of NBOMe series drugs has caused many deaths and hospitalisations since the drugs popularisation in the 2010s. This is primarily due to their high potency, unpredictable pharmacokinetics, and sellers passing off the compounds in the series as Lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD. Use The 25-NB drugs are inactive oral administration, orally and instead are typically u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NBOMe-mescaline
NBOMe-mescaline, also known as mescaline-NBOMe, M-NBOMe, or ''N''-(2-methoxybenzyl)-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a serotonin receptor agonist and putative psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, scaline, and ''N''-benzylphenethylamine (NBOMe) families. It is the ''N''-(2-methoxybenzyl) derivative of mescaline. Use and effects The active dose range of NBOMe-mescaline in humans has not been clearly reported and hence is unknown. This is in notable contrast to many other NBOMe drugs. However, Daniel Trachsel has reported that NBOMe-mescaline at an oral dose of 50mg three times separated by 1.5hours each (150mg total over about 4.5hours) produced hallucinogenic effects and was somewhat more potent than mescaline, but only lasted 5 or 6hours with the employed dosing scheme. It was estimated that the duration if a single dose were to be taken would probably be about 2 to 3hours. NBOMe drugs are known to have very poor oral bioavailability, so NBOMe-mescaline could be much mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MMDA-2
MMDA-2, also known as 2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine or as 6-methoxy-MDA, is a psychedelic drug of the amphetamine class. It is closely related to MMDA and MDA. Alexander Shulgin was likely the first to synthesize MMDA-2. In his book ''PiHKAL'', the dose is listed as 25–50 mg, and the duration is listed as 8–12 hours. Shulgin reports that MMDA-2 produces effects such as enhanced awareness, empathy, and visual facilitation and distortion, as well as some side effects like gastrointestinal upset and appetite loss. He states that 30 mg is very similar to 80 mg of MDA, and also remarks that it would be impossible for anyone to have a bad experience on the drug at that dose. Scientific research has shown that MMDA-2, unlike MMDA, but similarly to 6-methyl-MDA, is only very weak at inducing the release of serotonin or dopamine, and accordingly, does not produce amphetamine-like responses in animals in drug discrimination studies. Instead, MMDA-2 is like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DMMDA
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (DMMDA or DMMDA-1) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug of the amphetamine family related to MMDA. It was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in the 1960s and was described in his 1991 book ''PiHKAL''. Use and effects Shulgin listed the dosage of DMMDA in ''PiHKAL'' as 30 to 75mg and the duration as 6 to 8hours. He reported DMMDA as producing LSD-like subjective effects: images, mydriasis, ataxia, and time dilation. DMMDA is not mentioned much in literature outside ''PiHKAL''. Pharmacology The mechanism behind the subjective effects of DMMDA has not been specifically established. In ''PiHKAL'', Shulgin asserts that the subjective effects of 75mg of DMMDA are equivalent to those of 75 to 100μg of LSD. LSD is a well-known partial agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. This may suggest that DMMDA is also an agonist or partial agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor. DMMDA is equivalent to 12 "mescaline units" in terms of potency. DMM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylenedioxy
Methylenedioxy is the term used in the field of chemistry, particularly in organic chemistry, for a functional group with the structural formula which is connected to the rest of a molecule by two chemical bonds. The methylenedioxy group consists of two oxygen atoms connected to a methylene bridge ( unit). The methylenedioxy group is generally found attached to an aromatic structure such as phenyl where it forms the methylenedioxyphenyl or benzodioxole functional group which is widely found in natural products, including safrole, and drugs and chemicals such as tadalafil, MDMA, paroxetine and piperonyl butoxide. Enzymes within the cytochrome P450 superfamily are able to form methylenedioxy bridges by closure of an open, adjacent phenol and methoxy group. Examples of products formed by this process are canadine and berberine. Similarly, ''ortho''-demethylenation can be carried out by other members of the superfamily to open a bridge; a process which is applied to, as examples, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jason Wallach
Jason Wallach (born 1987) is an American pharmacologist who studies psychedelic drugs and other hallucinogens. He is an assistant professor at Saint Joseph's University's Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In August 2020, Wallach began a partnership with the pharmaceutical company Compass Pathways for his research lab to develop novel psychedelic drugs as therapeutics. Hamilton Morris, a psychedelic journalist and the host of ''Hamilton's Pharmacopeia'', works as a chemist in Wallach's lab. Wallach graduated from Indiana University of Pennsylvania with his bachelor's degree in cell and molecular biology in 2008 and graduated with his Doctor of Philosophy degree in pharmacology and toxicology from the University of the Sciences in 2014. In 2023, Wallach, Morris, and other colleagues published a key paper characterizing the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor intracellular signaling cascades mediating the head-twitch response The head-twitch response (HTR), also sometimes known as wet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Methoxyphenethylamine
Methoxyphenethylamines (MPEAs), as well as methoxyamphetamines (MAs) in the case of the amphetamine (α-methylphenethylamine) homologues, are substituted phenethylamines with one or more methoxy groups. In some cases, one or more of the methoxy groups may also be extended to form other alkoxy and related groups such as ethoxy or propoxy. Methoxyphenethylamines may have additional substitutions as well. Many methoxyphenethylamines that have multiple methoxy groups in the 2- through 5-positions of the phenyl ring, for instance mescaline, 2C-B, TMA, DOM, and 25I-NBOMe, are serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonists and serotonergic psychedelics. Other methoxyphenethylamines, particularly monomethoxyamphetamines like ''para''-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), are monoamine releasing agents of serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine, with stimulant and/or entactogen-related effects. Compounds closely related to methoxyphenethylamines include methylenedioxyphenethylamines (MDxx) like M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
25C-NBOMe
25C-NBOMe, also known as NBOMe-2C-C, 2C-C-NBOMe, or Cimbi-82, is a psychedelic drug and derivative of the psychedelic phenethylamine 2C-C. It acts as a potent agonist of the 5-HT2A receptor, and has been studied in its 11C radiolabelled form as a potential ligand for mapping the distribution of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain, using positron emission tomography (PET). Multiple deaths have occurred from usage of 25C-NBOMe due to the ease of accidental overdose. The long-term toxic effects of the drug have not been researched. 25C-NBOMe was first described in the scientific literature by 2010.Ettrup, A. (2010). Serotonin receptor studies in the pig brain: pharmacological intervention and positron emission tomography tracer development (Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen). https://research.regionh.dk/en/publications/serotonin-receptor-studies-in-the-pig-brain-pharmacological-inter Use 25C-NBOMe is extremely potent and the effects of the dru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serotonin
Serotonin (), also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide range of functions in both the central nervous system (CNS) and also peripheral tissues. It is involved in mood, cognition, reward, learning, memory, and physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. In the CNS, serotonin regulates mood, appetite, and sleep. Most of the body's serotonin—about 90%—is synthesized in the gastrointestinal tract by enterochromaffin cells, where it regulates intestinal movements. It is also produced in smaller amounts in the brainstem's raphe nuclei, the skin's Merkel cells, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and taste receptor cells of the tongue. Once secreted, serotonin is taken up by platelets in the blood, which release it during clotting to promote vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. Around 8% of the body's serotonin is stored in platelets, and 1–2% is found in the CNS. Serotonin acts as both a vasoconstrictor and vas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MMDA (drug)
MMDA, also known as 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine or as 5-methoxy-MDA, is a psychedelic and entactogen of the amphetamine family. Use and effects MMDA was described by Alexander Shulgin in his book ''PiHKAL''. Shulgin lists the dosage range of MMDA as 100 to 250mg. The first effects appear within 20 to 45minutes following oral administration. Its duration is described as "moderate". MMDA produces effects including relaxation, time dilation, empathy, passivity, compassion, changes in music perception, closed-eye visuals such as geometric patterns, open-eye visuals, dream-like states described as "brain movies", and an afterglow. It has been said to be gentler than certain other psychedelics. The drug is said to have similar effects to MDA, but to be to some extent more psychedelic in comparison. Side effects Side effects of MMDA have been reported to include restlessness, cold sensations, shivering, nausea, abdominal cramps, disorientation, social withdrawal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
