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2012 Belarusian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Belarus on 23 September 2012.Country Profile
IFES
At stake were the 110 seats in the , the of the .


Electoral system

According to the 1994 electoral law, the 110 members of the

2008 Belarusian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Belarus on 28 September 2008. All 110 seats in the House of Representatives were at stake. Lidia Yermoshina, the Chairperson of the Central Election Commission, announced on 29 August that 276 candidates were registered for the election; 365 people initially sought to run, but five withdrew and candidate registration for 84 others was rejected. Just prior to the election, the number of the registered candidates was reduced to 263; 82 of the candidates were members of political parties, the others were non-partisans loyal to the government. They included chief executives of local authorities and medical institutions, and top managers of large enterprises. The election was attempted to be monitored by 925 international and more than 17,000 local observers, including an Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) mission consisting of some 450 members from 43 countries. Belarusian citizens abroad were able to cast their votes at 4 ...
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Belarusian Socialist Sporting Party
The Belarusian Social Sporting Party (BSSP; ; ) was a political party in Belarus that supported the government of President Alexander Lukashenko. It was founded on 6 November 1994 and was led by Vladimir Alexandrovich. History On 6 November 1994, the Constituent Assembly of the party was held, which was registered by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Belarus on 9 December 1994. (registration certificate No. 003), re-registered on 13 September 1999 (registration certificate No. 012). In the parliamentary elections, the party did not nominate candidates on party lists, but only by collecting signatures. In the 1995 Belarusian parliamentary election, the party received one deputy mandate. In the elections to the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus five years later ''Five Years Later'' is a collaborative album by American jazz guitarists Ralph Towner and John Abercrombie (guitarist), John Abercrombie, recorded in March 1981 and ...
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Belaya Rus
The Belarusian Party "Belaya Rus", or simply Belaya Rus, is a Centrism, centrist list of political parties in Belarus, political party in Belarus. It supports the policies of Alexander Lukashenko, the first and only president of Post-Soviet states, post-Soviet Belarus. The Belaya Rus party originates from the Republican Public Association "Belaya Rus" (abbr. RPA "Belaya Rus"), founded in 2007 to support Lukashenko's presidency. While the association was involved in elections and parliamentary activities, it was never registered as a political party. In 2023, the membership of RPA "Belaya Rus" voted to create a new political party alongside the association. History The founding congress of RPA "Belaya Rus" was held in Grodno on 17 November 2007 and attended by 470 delegates who elected a chair and leadership council with 85 members. Alexander Radkov, the then education minister of Belarus, was elected as chairman. RPA "Belaya Rus" was subsequently registered with the Belarusi ...
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Borshch
Borscht () is a sour soup, made with meat stock, vegetables and seasonings, common in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. In English, the word ''borscht'' is most often associated with the soup's variant of Ukrainian origin, made with red beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which give the dish its distinctive red color. The same name, however, is also used for a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht, and cabbage borscht. Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (''Heracleum sphondylium''), an herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name. With time, it evolved into a diverse array of tart soups, among which the Ukrainian beet-based red borscht has become the most popular. It is typically made by combining meat or bone stock with sautéed vegetables, which—as well as beetroots—usually includ ...
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Alexander Lukashenko
Alexander Grigoryevich Lukashenko (also transliterated as Alyaksandr Ryhoravich Lukashenka; born 30 August 1954) is a Belarusian politician who has been the first and only president of Belarus since the office's establishment in 1994, making him the List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office, current longest-serving European leader. Before embarking on his political career, Lukashenko worked as the director of a state farm (''sovkhoz'') and served in both the Soviet Border Troops and the Soviet Army. In 1990, Lukashenko was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he assumed the position of head of the interim anti-corruption committee of the Supreme Council of Belarus. In 1994, he won the presidency in the country's 1994 Belarusian presidential election, inaugural presidential election after the adoption of a new Constitution of Belarus, constitution. Lukashenko opposed Shock ...
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Anatoly Lebedko
Anatoly Vladimirovich Lebedko ( ; ; born 27 June 1961) is a Belarusian politician and pro-democracy activist who is currently the head of the United Civic Party, an opposition party. Life Born in the village of , then part of the Stoŭbtsy Raion within the Minsk Region of the Soviet Union's Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Lebedko emerged in the 1990s as one of the leading critics of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko, whom Lebedko, along with other opposition leaders and many western governments, considers a dictator. Lebedko's strident opposition to Lukashenka led to increasingly bitter confrontations with the Belarusian authorities through the late 1990s and into the 2000s. He was arrested numerous times for participating in unsanctioned protests and marches, including the 1999 Freedom March; was charged with libel against Lukashenko several times; and was beaten outside his home by masked men he alleges were connected to Lukashenko. Lebedko appears to ...
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YouTube
YouTube is an American social media and online video sharing platform owned by Google. YouTube was founded on February 14, 2005, by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim who were three former employees of PayPal. Headquartered in San Bruno, California, it is the second-most-visited website in the world, after Google Search. In January 2024, YouTube had more than 2.7billion monthly active users, who collectively watched more than one billion hours of videos every day. , videos were being uploaded to the platform at a rate of more than 500 hours of content per minute, and , there were approximately 14.8billion videos in total. On November 13, 2006, YouTube was purchased by Google for $1.65 billion (equivalent to $ billion in ). Google expanded YouTube's business model of generating revenue from advertisements alone, to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by and for YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subs ...
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2006 Belarusian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 19 March 2006. The result was a victory for incumbent, President Alexander Lukashenko, who received 84.4% of the vote. However, Western world, Western observers deemed the elections rigged. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) declared that the election "failed to meet OSCE commitments for democratic elections". In contrast, election observers from the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) described the vote as open and transparent. Candidates On 17 February 2006, the Central Election Commission of Belarus, Central Election Commission approved the following list of candidates: *Alexander Lukashenko: incumbent, in office since 1994, not associated with any party. *Alaksandar Milinkievič: challenger, candidate from an opposition union, United Democratic Forces of Belarus. *Sergei Gaidukevich: Liberal Democratic Party (Belarus), Liberal Democratic Party. *Alyaksandr Kazulin: Belarusian Social Democratic Pa ...
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Alexander Milinkevich
Alexander () is a male name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre, Aleks, Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha, Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar, Skander, Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria, and Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the noun (, genitive: , ; meaning 'man'). The earliest attested form of the name, is the Mycenaean Greek feminine anthroponym , , (/Alexandra/), written in the Linear B syllabic script. Alaksandu, alternatively called ''Alakasandu'' or ...
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Vladimir Neklyayev
Uladzimir Prakopavich Nyaklyayew (, Łacinka: ''Uładzimir Prakopavič Niaklajeŭ''; ; born 11 July 1946) is a Belarusian poet and writer, and a former head of the public campaign Tell the Truth! ("Гавары праўду!"). He was a candidate in the 2010 Belarusian presidential election, and, according to Amnesty International, was placed under house arrest for his role in post-election protests. Parents Vladimir Nyaklyayew was born on 11 July 1946 in the city of Smarhon in Grodno Region. His father, Prokofiy Neklyayev, was Russian, and used to work as a mechanic. His mother, Anastasiya Mahyer, was a Belarusian. Education Vladimir Nyaklyayew spent his childhood in a small place called Kreva where he finished his first school year.Някляеў Уладзімір Пракопавіч. Біяграфія< ...
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Andrei Sannikov
Andrei Olegovich Sannikov (or Andrei Sannikau, , , born 8 March 1954) is a Belarusian politician and activist. In the early 1990s, he headed the Belarusian delegation on Nuclear and Conventional Weapons Armament Negotiations, also serving as a Belarusian diplomat to Switzerland. From 1995 to 1996, he served as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Belarus), Deputy Foreign Minister of Belarus, resigning as a form of political protest. He co-founded the civil action Charter 97, and was awarded the Bruno Kreisky Prize in 2005. Sannikov was a candidate at the 2010 Belarusian presidential election, 2010 presidential election in Belarus, and had the second highest percentage of the popular votes after incumbent Alexander Lukashenko. He was incarcerated in a Minsk State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus, KGB facility for peacefully protesting at a demonstration after the elections. Sannikov was beaten by police, tortured, and held incommunicado for two months. Amnesty International l ...
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2010 Belarusian Presidential Election
Presidential elections were held in Belarus on 19 December 2010. The elections had originally been planned for the beginning of 2011. However, the final date was set during an extraordinary session of the National Assembly on 14 September 2010. Of the ten candidates, incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko was declared the winner by the Central Election Commission with 80% of the vote. Andrei Sannikov received the second-highest percentage. After a protest was violently suppressed by riot police the night after the elections, hundreds of protesters and seven presidential candidates were arrested by the KGB, including runner-up Sannikov. Western countries decried the election as a farce and an egregious affront to democracy and human rights. The United States and the European Union called for the release of all imprisoned candidates, but took no further action except a travel ban on Lukashenko. By contrast, countries such as Syria, China, Vietnam, and Russia congratulated the re- ...
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