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1992 Indonesian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 9 June 1992, to select 400 of the 500 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR). The election was the sixth legislative elections since Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Indonesian independence and the fifth legislative elections under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order regime of president Suharto. The election resulted in a clear victory for Golkar, which retained its status as the ruling party, although the opposition, under the United Development Party (PPP) and the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI), saw their vote shares rise. Golkar had governed Indonesia since 1971 Indonesian legislative election, 1971, winning four consecutive elections. However, by the late 1980s, it had struggled with internal division, between the military wing and the civil and bureaucratic wing, as well as demands for more openness in government. The opposition, led mainly by the Islam in Indonesia, Islamic PPP and the Indonesian natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Representatives (Indonesia)
The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia (, DPR-RI or simply DPR) is one of two elected chambers of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), the national legislature of Indonesia. It is considered the lower house, while the Regional Representative Council (DPD) serves as the upper house; while the Constitution of Indonesia, Indonesian constitution does not explicitly mention the divide, the DPR enjoys more power, privilege, and prestige compared to the DPD. Members of the DPR are elected through a elections in Indonesia, general election every five years. Currently, there are 580 members; an increase compared to 575 prior to the 2024 Indonesian legislative election, 2024 elections. Its members are called Members of Parliament (''anggota dewan''). History ''Volksraad'' In 1915, members of the Indonesian nationalist organisation Budi Utomo and others toured the Netherlands to argue for the establishment of a legislature for the Dutch East Indies, and in D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam In Indonesia
Islam is the largest religion in Indonesia, with 87.06% of the Indonesian population identifying themselves as Muslims, based on Civil registration, civil registry data in 2023. In terms of denomination, the overwhelming majority are Sunni and Non-denominational Muslim, Non-denominational Muslims; the Pew Research Center estimates them as comprising ~99% of the country's Muslim population in 2011, with Shia Islam in Indonesia, the remaining 1% being Shia, who are concentrated around Jakarta, and about 400,000 Ahmadi Islam, Ahmadi as well. In terms of maddhab, schools of jurisprudence, based on demographic statistics, 99% of Indonesian Muslims mainly follow the Shafi'i school, although when asked, 56% do not adhere to any specific school. Trends of thought within Islam in Indonesia can be broadly categorized into two orientations: "Modernism (Islam in Indonesia), modernism", which closely adheres to orthodox theology while embracing modern learning, and "Traditionalism (Isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudharmono
Sudharmono (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, EVO: Soedharmono; 12 March 1927 – 25 January 2006), also known by his nickname Pak Dar, was an Indonesian Army officer and politician who served as the fifth vice president of Indonesia from 1988 until 1993 under the New Order (Indonesia), New Order regime. Previously, he served in several positions in the Government of Indonesia, government and Indonesian National Armed Forces, military, including as the Golkar#List of chairmen, Chairman of Golkar, Ministry of State Secretariat (Indonesia), State Secretary of Indonesia, and a lieutenant general in the Indonesian Army, army. Sudharmono was born on 12 March 1927, in Gresik Regency, Gresik, East Java. He completed his Middle School education in 1945. Following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, he dropped out from any further education to join the Indonesian Army, army in the Indonesian National Revolution. He became the Commander of the Ronggolawe Division in the army, a posi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transition To The New Order
Transition or transitional may refer to: Mathematics, science, and technology Biology * Transition (genetics), a point mutation that changes a purine nucleotide to another purine (A ↔ G) or a pyrimidine nucleotide to another pyrimidine (C ↔ T) * Transitional fossil, any fossilized remains of a lifeform that exhibits the characteristics of two distinct taxonomic groups * A phase during childbirth#First stage, childbirth contractions during which the cervix completes its dilation Gender and sex * Gender transition, the process of changing one's gender presentation to accord with one's internal sense of one's gender – the idea of what it means to be a man or woman ** Gender-affirming care, the physical aspect of a gender transition ** Gender-affirming surgery, surgical intervention a part of medical gender affirmation Physics * Phase transition, a transformation of the state of matter; for example, the change between a solid and a liquid, between liquid and gas or between ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30 September Movement
The Thirtieth of September Movement (, also known as G30S, and by the syllabic abbreviation Gestapu for ''Gerakan September Tiga Puluh'', Thirtieth of September Movement, also unofficially called Gestok, for ''Gerakan Satu Oktober'', or First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members. In the early hours of 1 October 1965, they assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive '' coup d'état''. Later that morning, the organization declared that it was in control of media and communication outlets and had taken President Sukarno under its protection. By the end of the day, the coup attempt had failed in Jakarta. Meanwhile, in central Java there was an attempt to take control over an army division and several cities. By the time this rebellion was put down, two more senior officers were dead. In the days and weeks that followed, the army, socio-political, and religious groups blamed the coup attempt on the Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TVRI (TV Channel)
TVRI (also referred to as TVRI Nasional, TVRI Siaran Nasional, or Kanal 1 TVRI Nasional), formerly also known as TVRI Jakarta Central Station (), is an Indonesian national television channel owned by the country's public television broadcaster Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI). The channel began broadcasting on 24 August 1962, making it the first television station in Indonesia. The channel was also the only television channel in Indonesia until 1989, when Programa Dua TVRI (now TVRI Jakarta) in Jakarta broadcast separately from TVRI and private television stations began broadcasting. TVRI is currently available on terrestrial, satellite, and most of pay television providers throughout the country, as well as on ''TVRI Klik'' streaming service. Prior to digital switchover in 2022, the channel is networked with regional TVRI stations on analog broadcasts (except Special Capital Region of Jakarta and its surroundings). History As a preparation towards the fourth Asian G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SCTV (TV Network)
PT Surya Citra Televisi (SCTV) is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster A television broadcaster or television network is a telecommunications network for the distribution of television show, television content, where a central operation provides programming to many television stations, pay television providers or .... Established on 1 January 1990, it was originally a local station based in Surabaya with limited broadcasts before receiving its national broadcasting license in January 1993. History PT Surya Citra Television started out as a company called PT Foresta Maju which was founded on 5 May 1987. The company owned by Henry Pribadi and Sudwikatmono applied for a permit to establish a limited channel television station in Surabaya on 28 April 1989. Its establishment was also supported by the former Governor of East Java, Mohammad Noer because according to him, TVRI Surabaya did not receive a good budget and it was time to provide alternative informat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RCTI
RCTI (abbreviated from ''Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia'') is an Indonesian free-to-air television broadcaster. It is best known for its soap operas, celebrity bulletins, news, and sports programmes. It was first launched in 1989, originally as a local pay television operator that broadcasts mostly foreign programmes, before switching to free-to-air terrestrial network a year later. RCTI was initially co-owned by PT Rajawali Wira Bhakti Utama (later Rajawali Corpora) and PT Bimantara Citra (later Global Mediacom, now known as PT Media Nusantara Citra (MNC)), thus its name. One of its commissioners at that time, Indra Rukmana, is the husband of Tutut Soeharto, the founder and ex-owner of its eventual sister network, TPI. It is completely owned by MNC, which also owns GTV, MNCTV, and iNews, both private Indonesian television networks. Naming The name comes from its founding companies Rajawali Wira Bhakti Utama and Bimantara Citra. Despite Rajawali was not the mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Television
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "radio broadcasting", which refers to an audio signal sent to radio receivers. Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.Diggs-Brown, Barbara (2011''Strategic Public Relations: Audience Focused Practice''p. 48 In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monopolies
A monopoly (from Greek and ) is a market in which one person or company is the only supplier of a particular good or service. A monopoly is characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce a particular thing, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the possibility of a high monopoly price well above the seller's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit. The verb ''monopolise'' or ''monopolize'' refers to the ''process'' by which a company gains the ability to raise prices or exclude competitors. In economics, a monopoly is a single seller. In law, a monopoly is a business entity that has significant market power, that is, the power to charge overly high prices, which is associated with unfair price raises. Although monopolies may be big businesses, size is not a characteristic of a monopoly. A small business may still have the power to raise prices in a small industry (or market). A monopoly may also have monopsony control of a sector of a market. A mono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Term Limit
A term limit is a legal restriction on the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office. When term limits are found in presidential and semi-presidential systems they act as a method of curbing the potential for monopoly, where a leader effectively becomes " president for life". Term limits may be a lifetime limit on the number of terms an officeholder may serve, or a limit on the number of consecutive terms. According to a 2020 analysis, nearly one in four incumbents who face term limits seek to circumvent the term limits through various strategies, including constitutional amendments, working with the judiciary to reinterpret the term limits, let a placeholder govern for the incumbent, and cancelling or delaying elections. History Europe Term limits date back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Republic, as well as the Republic of Venice. In ancient Athenian democracy, many officeholders were limited to a single term. Council members were allowed a maximum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corruption In Indonesia
While hard data on corruption are difficult to collect, Corruption in Indonesia is seen through public opinion, collated through surveys as well as observation of how each system runs. Transparency International's 2024 Corruption Perceptions Index, which scored 180 countries on a scale from 0 ("highly corrupt") to 100 ("very clean"), gave Indonesia a score of 37. When ranked by score, Indonesia ranked 99th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with regional scores, the best score among the countries of the Asia Pacific region was 84, the average score was 44 and the worst score was 16. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90 (ranked 1), the average score was 43, and the worst score was 8 (ranked 180). There are two key areas in the public sector in which corruption in Indonesia can be found. These are the justice and civil service sectors. Corruption within the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
