|
1945 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 29 April 1945.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 Following the "silent elections" of 1939, they were the first to use the new proportional representation system. The Progressive Citizens' Party won eight of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union. Electoral system Previously voters had chosen members of the Landtag by writing the names of as many candidates on the ballot paper as there were seats in their constituency.Nohlen & Stöver, p1158 In the new system, parties put forward lists of candidates.Nohlen & Stöver, p1159 The lists served as the ballot papers, with voters submitting their favoured list to the ballot box. Voters could also change the lists by crossing out names and adding others from other lists. After the number of seats a party had won was decided, the candidates who had received the most votes after the voter amendments wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 4 April 1939.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 Although a new system of proportional representation had been introduced to pacify voters at a time when the country was under threat from neighbouring Nazi Germany, it was not used and the elections became known as the "silent elections" as no actual vote was held.Nohlen & Stöver, p1159 Instead, the governing Progressive Citizens' Party and opposition Patriotic Union formed a coalition, assigning a roughly equal number of seats each, in order to prevent the German National Movement in Liechtenstein from acquiring any seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1179 Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German language, German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazism
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist '' Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the paramilitary groups that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 In Liechtenstein
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which Nuclear weapon, nuclear weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: ** Nazi Germany, Germany begins Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt by the ''Luftwaffe'' to cripple Allies of World War II, Allied air forces in the Low Countries. ** Chenogne massacre: German prisoners are allegedly killed by American forces near the village of Chenogne, Belgium. * January 6 – WWII: A German offensive recaptures Esztergom, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary from the Russians. * January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula–Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe, against the German Army (Wehrmacht), German Army. * January 13 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the East Prussian Offensive, to eliminate German forces in East Pruss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Elections In Europe
1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: ** Germany begins Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt by the ''Luftwaffe'' to cripple Allied air forces in the Low Countries. ** Chenogne massacre: German prisoners are allegedly killed by American forces near the village of Chenogne, Belgium. * January 6 – WWII: A German offensive recaptures Esztergom, Hungary from the Russians. * January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vistula–Oder Offensive in Eastern Europe, against the German Army. * January 13 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the East Prussian Offensive, to eliminate German forces in East Prussia. * January 16 – WWII: Adolf Hitler takes residence in the ''Führerbunker'' in Berlin. * January 17 ** WWII: The Soviet Union occupies Warsaw, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vent D'est
''Vent d'est'' (; ) is a Franco-Swiss historical drama film directed by Robert Enrico, on a script co-written with Frédéric H. Fajardie, released in 1993. Plot At the end of the Second World War, a regiment of the First Russian National Army, loyal to Nazi Germany fled to neutral Liechtenstein to escape the Red Army. Seeking asylum and salvation in this neutral state, these soldiers, along with some civilian associates, are warmly welcomed by the Liechtenstein government. Indeed, although returned by force in the country, Prince Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein is understanding and accepts the refugees with the respect due to their rank of combatants. Russian General Boris Smyslovsky tries to monetize the surrender of his troops to U.S. Army rather than to the Red Army. He is working to take them to Argentina, a country where they will not be hunted down, but that is without counting on the hatred of the Soviets for these "traitors". The film traces the efforts of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unterland (electoral District)
Unterland (german: Wahlkreis Unterland), meaning "lower land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. The district's administrative seat is the town of Schellenberg, due to its historical existence as the Lordship of Schellenberg (german: Herrschaft Schellenberg). It has 10 seats in the Landtag. Geography The district is less populous than Oberland (the other district) and takes up between a fifth and a sixth of Liechtenstein's total area. It comprises five municipalities and three villages, for a total of eight settlements. See also * Oberland (electoral district) *Landtag of Liechtenstein *NUTS statistical regions of Liechtenstein *Lists of electoral districts by nation Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected. Argentina The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the ... References External links {{Auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberland (electoral District)
Oberland (german: Wahlkreis Oberland), meaning "upper land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. It corresponds to the historic County of Vaduz (german: Grafschaft Vaduz), and the administrative seat is the city of Vaduz, the national capital. It has 15 seats in the Landtag. Geography The district, which includes the main towns of Vaduz and Schaan, is more populous than the Unterland and spans the southern portion, with between four-fifths and five-sixths of the country's land area. It is composed of 6 municipalities and 11 villages, for a total of 17 settlements. See also *Unterland (electoral district) *Landtag of Liechtenstein *NUTS statistical regions of Liechtenstein *Lists of electoral districts by nation Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected. Argentina The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landtag Liechtenstein 1945-1970
A Landtag (State Diet) is generally the legislative assembly or parliament of a federated state or other subnational self-governing entity in German-speaking nations. It is usually a unicameral assembly exercising legislative competence in non-federal matters. The States of Germany and Austria are governed by ''landtage''. In addition, the legislature of the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol is known in German as a ''landtag''. Historically, states of the German Confederation also established ''landtage''. The Landtag of Liechtenstein is the small nation's unicameral assembly. Name The German word Landtag is composed of the words ''Land'' (state, country or territory) and ''Tag'' (day). The German word ''Tagung'' (meeting) is derived from the German word ''Tag'', as such meetings were held at daylight and sometimes spanned several days. Historic Landtag assemblies States of the Holy Roman Empire In feudal society, the formal class system was reflected in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German National Movement In Liechtenstein
The German National Movement in Liechtenstein (german: Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein, VDBL) was a Nazi party in Liechtenstein that existed between 1938 and 1945. Formation and ideology The VDBL formed after the Anschluss of Austria in 1938, advocating for the integration of Liechtenstein into the Greater German Reich. The organization disseminated its ideology through its newspaper, ''Der Umbruch''. A slogan associated with the party was ''Liechtenstein den Liechtensteinern!'' (Liechtenstein for the Liechtensteiners!). This implied a radical populism that would threaten the allegiance of the people of Liechtenstein to ruling Prince Franz Josef II. Coup attempt and party demise In March 1939, the VDBL staged an amateurish coup attempt, first trying to provoke a German intervention by burning swastikas, followed by declaring an '' Anschluß'' with Germany. The leaders were almost immediately arrested and the hoped-for German invasion failed to materialise. The inabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Union (Liechtenstein)
The Patriotic Union (german: Vaterländische Union, VU) is a liberal-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The VU is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the national-conservative Progressive Citizens' Party. The VU is the more liberal of the two parties, advocating constitutional monarchy and greater democracy. It is led by Thomas Zwiefelhofer and has ten members in the Landtag. History The Patriotic Union was formed by the 1936 merger of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP) with the minor party Liechtenstein Homeland Service (LHD). While the VP was the larger party, following the merger it was members of the LHD who took prominent positions in the leadership of the new party. After decades of being the second party to the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), the VU became the largest party in the Landtag for the first time as a result of the 1970 elections. Although it lost the 1974 elections to the FBP, it won the 1978 election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 6 February 1949.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1165 The Progressive Citizens' Party won eight of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union.Nohlen & Stöver, p1157 Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein General election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ... Elections in Liechtenstein Liechtenstein general election {{Liechtenstein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Citizens' Party
The Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein (german: Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei in Liechtenstein, FBP) is a national-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The FBP is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. Founded in 1918 along with the now-defunct Christian-Social People's Party, it is the oldest extant party in Liechtenstein. History The party was established in 1918 by middle class citizens and members of the agricultural community as a response to the formation of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP).Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p609 It won the majority of the elected seats in the 1918 elections, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1182 but the VP formed a government.McHale, p611 The VP won elections in 1922, January 1926 and April 1926, but the FBP won the 1928 elections, and became the party o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Nazism")
