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1939 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 4 April 1939.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 Although a new system of proportional representation had been introduced to pacify voters at a time when the country was under threat from neighbouring Nazi Germany, it was not used and the elections became known as the "silent elections" as no actual vote was held.Nohlen & Stöver, p1159 Instead, the governing Progressive Citizens' Party and opposition Patriotic Union formed a coalition, assigning a roughly equal number of seats each, in order to prevent the German National Movement in Liechtenstein from acquiring any seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1179 Results By electoral district References Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German language, German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein in February 1936.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 The elections took place in two rounds; in the first round on 3 February, each of the ten municipalities with more than 300 inhabitants elected one Landtag member. The second round was held on 16 February in which the remaining five Landtag members were elected in a national vote. The result was a victory for the ruling Progressive Citizens' Party, which won 11 of the 15 seats in the Landtag.Nohlen & Stöver, p1182 Results Municipal vote National vote References Liechtenstein General Elections in Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Liechtenstein (), officially the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: link=no, Fürstentum Liechtenstein), is a German language, German-speaking microstate located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland. Liechtenstein is a semi-constit ... Election and referendum articles with incomplet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progressive Citizens' Party
The Progressive Citizens' Party in Liechtenstein (german: Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei in Liechtenstein, FBP) is a national-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The FBP is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the liberal-conservative Patriotic Union. Founded in 1918 along with the now-defunct Christian-Social People's Party, it is the oldest extant party in Liechtenstein. History The party was established in 1918 by middle class citizens and members of the agricultural community as a response to the formation of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP).Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p609 It won the majority of the elected seats in the 1918 elections, Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1182 but the VP formed a government.McHale, p611 The VP won elections in 1922, January 1926 and April 1926, but the FBP won the 1928 elections, and became the party o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Liechtenstein
Elections in Liechtenstein take place at a national level within a multi-party system, with two dominant political parties. The Landtag of Liechtenstein has 25 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation in two multi-seat constituencies. The country became a democracy in 1984 when it replaced universal male suffrage with universal suffrage, following a national referendum. Electoral process A variation of the standard party-list proportional format is used to elect 15 members from the district of Oberland and 10 members from the district of Unterland. The highest-remainder method dictates each party’s seat total in a district based on their vote share (which will be covered in more detail) there. Elections in these two districts are essentially separate, and the individual municipal divisions technically play no role in determining the eventual winners. There are four parties currently registered in Liechtenstein: the Progressive Citizen’s Party ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1939 In Liechtenstein
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidden to work with Germans. *** The Youth Protection Act was passed on April 30, 1938 and the Working Hours Regulations came into effect. *** The Jews name change decree has gone into effect. ** The rest of the world *** In Spain, it becomes a duty of all young women under 25 to complete compulsory work service for one year. *** First edition of the Vienna New Year's Concert. *** The company of technology and manufacturing scientific instruments Hewlett-Packard, was founded in a garage in Palo Alto, California, by William (Bill) Hewlett and David Packard. This garage is now considered the birthplace of Silicon Valley. *** Sydney, in Australia, records temperature of 45 ˚C, the highest record for the city. *** Philipp Etter took over as Swiss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unterland (electoral District)
Unterland (german: Wahlkreis Unterland), meaning "lower land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. The district's administrative seat is the town of Schellenberg, due to its historical existence as the Lordship of Schellenberg (german: Herrschaft Schellenberg). It has 10 seats in the Landtag. Geography The district is less populous than Oberland (the other district) and takes up between a fifth and a sixth of Liechtenstein's total area. It comprises five municipalities and three villages, for a total of eight settlements. See also * Oberland (electoral district) *Landtag of Liechtenstein *NUTS statistical regions of Liechtenstein *Lists of electoral districts by nation Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected. Argentina The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the ... References External links {{Auth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberland (electoral District)
Oberland (german: Wahlkreis Oberland), meaning "upper land", is one of the two electoral districts of Liechtenstein. It corresponds to the historic County of Vaduz (german: Grafschaft Vaduz), and the administrative seat is the city of Vaduz, the national capital. It has 15 seats in the Landtag. Geography The district, which includes the main towns of Vaduz and Schaan, is more populous than the Unterland and spans the southern portion, with between four-fifths and five-sixths of the country's land area. It is composed of 6 municipalities and 11 villages, for a total of 17 settlements. See also *Unterland (electoral district) *Landtag of Liechtenstein *NUTS statistical regions of Liechtenstein *Lists of electoral districts by nation Electoral districts go by different names depending on the country and the office being elected. Argentina The 257 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in 24 multi-member constituencies based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German National Movement In Liechtenstein
The German National Movement in Liechtenstein (german: Volksdeutsche Bewegung in Liechtenstein, VDBL) was a Nazi party in Liechtenstein that existed between 1938 and 1945. Formation and ideology The VDBL formed after the Anschluss of Austria in 1938, advocating for the integration of Liechtenstein into the Greater German Reich. The organization disseminated its ideology through its newspaper, ''Der Umbruch''. A slogan associated with the party was ''Liechtenstein den Liechtensteinern!'' (Liechtenstein for the Liechtensteiners!). This implied a radical populism that would threaten the allegiance of the people of Liechtenstein to ruling Prince Franz Josef II. Coup attempt and party demise In March 1939, the VDBL staged an amateurish coup attempt, first trying to provoke a German intervention by burning swastikas, followed by declaring an '' Anschluß'' with Germany. The leaders were almost immediately arrested and the hoped-for German invasion failed to materialise. The inabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patriotic Union (Liechtenstein)
The Patriotic Union (german: Vaterländische Union, VU) is a liberal-conservative political party in Liechtenstein. The VU is one of the two major political parties in Liechtenstein, along with the national-conservative Progressive Citizens' Party. The VU is the more liberal of the two parties, advocating constitutional monarchy and greater democracy. It is led by Thomas Zwiefelhofer and has ten members in the Landtag. History The Patriotic Union was formed by the 1936 merger of the Christian-Social People's Party (VP) with the minor party Liechtenstein Homeland Service (LHD). While the VP was the larger party, following the merger it was members of the LHD who took prominent positions in the leadership of the new party. After decades of being the second party to the Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP), the VU became the largest party in the Landtag for the first time as a result of the 1970 elections. Although it lost the 1974 elections to the FBP, it won the 1978 election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was the German Reich, German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a dictatorship. Under Hitler's rule, Germany quickly became a totalitarian state where nearly all aspects of life were controlled by the government. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", alluded to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which Hitler and the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945 after just 12 years when the Allies of World War II, Allies defeated Germany, End of World War II in Europe, ending World War II in Europe. On 30 January 1933, H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Liechtenstein General Election
General elections were held in Liechtenstein on 29 April 1945.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1164 Following the "silent elections" of 1939, they were the first to use the new proportional representation system. The Progressive Citizens' Party won eight of the 15 seats in the Landtag, but remained in coalition with the Patriotic Union. Electoral system Previously voters had chosen members of the Landtag by writing the names of as many candidates on the ballot paper as there were seats in their constituency.Nohlen & Stöver, p1158 In the new system, parties put forward lists of candidates.Nohlen & Stöver, p1159 The lists served as the ballot papers, with voters submitting their favoured list to the ballot box. Voters could also change the lists by crossing out names and adding others from other lists. After the number of seats a party had won was decided, the candidates who had received the most votes after the voter amendments wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proportional Representation
Proportional representation (PR) refers to a type of electoral system under which subgroups of an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. The concept applies mainly to geographical (e.g. states, regions) and political divisions (Political party, political parties) of the electorate. The essence of such systems is that all votes cast - or almost all votes cast - contribute to the result and are actually used to help elect someone—not just a Plurality (voting), plurality, or a bare majority—and that the system produces mixed, balanced representation reflecting how votes are cast. "Proportional" electoral systems mean proportional to ''vote share'' and ''not'' proportional to population size. For example, the United States House of Representatives, US House of Representatives has 435 districts which are drawn so roughly equal or "proportional" numbers of people live within each district, yet members of the House are elected in first-past-the-post e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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