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1777 In Science
The year 1777 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * March – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer James Cook, Captain Cook discovers Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook Islands. Mathematics * Leonhard Euler introduces the symbol ''i'' to represent the square root of −1. Technology * ''probable date'' – Thomas Arnold of London produces the first watch ("Arnold 36") to be called a ''chronometer watch, chronometer''. Awards * Copley Medal: John Mudge Births * February 12 – Bernard Courtois, French people, French chemist (died 1838 in science, 1838) * April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, Germans, German mathematician (died 1855 in science, 1855) * May 4 – Louis Jacques Thénard, French chemist (died 1857 in science, 1857) * May 18 – John George Children, English people, English chemist, mineralogist and entomologist (died 1852 in science, 1852) * August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danes, Danish physicist (died 1851 in science, 185 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French People
French people () are a nation primarily located in Western Europe that share a common Culture of France, French culture, History of France, history, and French language, language, identified with the country of France. The French people, especially the native speakers of langues d'oïl from northern and central France, are primarily descended from Roman people, Romans (or Gallo-Romans, western European Celts, Celtic and Italic peoples), Gauls (including the Belgae), as well as Germanic peoples such as the Franks, the Visigoths, the Suebi and the Burgundians who settled in Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire, as well as various later waves of lower-level irregular migration that have continued to the present day. The Norsemen also settled in Normandy in the 10th century and contributed significantly to the ancestry of the Normans. Furthermore, regional ethnic minorities also exist within France that have distinct lineages, languages and cultures such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Bartram
John Bartram (June 3, 1699 – September 22, 1777) was an American botanist, horticulturist, and explorer, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for most of his career. Swedish botanist and taxonomist Carl Linnaeus said he was the "greatest natural botanist in the world." Bartram corresponded with and shared North American plants and seeds with a variety of scientists in England and Europe. He started what is known as Bartram's Garden in 1728 at his farm in Kingsessing (now part of Philadelphia). It was considered the first botanic garden in the United States. His sons and descendants operated it until 1850. Still operating in a partnership between the city of Philadelphia and a non-profit foundation, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960. Early life Bartram was born into a prominent Quaker political and farming family in Marple Township, Pennsylvania, Marple near Darby, Pennsylvania, on June 3, 1699. His parents were William Bartram (Pennsylvania politician), W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1851 In Science
The year 1851 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy * February – First public exhibition of a Foucault pendulum, at the Meridian of the Paris Observatory, demonstrating the Earth's rotation. A few weeks later Léon Foucault, Foucault installs one at the Panthéon, Paris, Panthéon. * July 28 – Solar eclipse of July 28, 1851: Total solar eclipse. The first correctly exposed photograph, a daguerrotype, of the solar corona is made during the total phase of the eclipse by Berkowski at Koenigsberg Observatory in Prussia. Astronomers Robert Grant (astronomer), Robert Grant and William Swan (astonomer), William Swan (of the United Kingdom) and Karl Ludwig von Littrow (of Austria) observe this eclipse and determine that solar prominences are part of the Sun because the Moon is seen to cover and uncover them as it moves in front. * October 24 – Ariel (moon), Ariel and Umbriel, natural satellite, moons of Uranus, were discovered by Will ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danes
Danes (, ), or Danish people, are an ethnic group and nationality native to Denmark and a modern nation identified with the country of Denmark. This connection may be ancestral, legal, historical, or cultural. History Early history Denmark has been inhabited by various Germanic peoples since ancient times, including the Angles, Cimbri, Jutes, Herules, Teutones and others. A 2025 study in ''Nature'' found genetic evidence of an influx of central European population after about 500 ce into the region later ruled by the Danes. Viking Age The first mention of Danes within Denmark is on the Jelling Rune Stone, which mentions the conversion of the Danes to Christianity by Harald Bluetooth in the 10th century. Between and the early 980s, Bluetooth established a kingdom in the lands of the Danes, stretching from Jutland to Scania. Around the same time, he received a visit from a German missionary who, by surviving an ordeal by fire according to legend, convinced Harold t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Christian Ørsted
Hans Christian Ørsted (; 14 August 1777 – 9 March 1851), sometimes Transliteration, transliterated as Oersted ( ), was a Danish chemist and physicist who discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields. This phenomenon is known as Oersted's law. He also discovered aluminium, a chemical element. A leader of the Danish Golden Age, Ørsted was a close friend of Hans Christian Andersen and the brother of politician and jurist Anders Sandøe Ørsted, who served as Prime Minister of Denmark from 1853 to 1854. Early life and studies Ørsted was born in Rudkøbing in 1777. As a young boy he developed an interest in science while working for his father, who was a pharmacist in the Rudkøbing Pharmacy, town's pharmacy. He and his brother Anders Sandøe Ørsted, Anders received most of their early education through self-study at home, going to Copenhagen in 1793 to take entrance exams for the University of Copenhagen, where both brothers excelled academically. By 1796, Ørst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1852 In Science
The year 1852 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Aeronautics * September 24 – French engineer Henri Giffard makes the first airship trip, from Paris to Trappes. Astronomy * September 19 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers the asteroid 20 Massalia from the north dome of the Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte in Naples. Biology * October 5 – American apiarist L. L. Langstroth patents the Langstroth hive for the cultivation of honey bees. * Last recognised sighting of a great auk, on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Chemistry * August Beer proposes Beer's law, which explains the relationship between the composition of a mixture and the amount of light it will absorb. Based partly on earlier work by Pierre Bouguer and Johann Heinrich Lambert, it establishes the analytical technique known as spectrophotometry. Mathematics * October 23 – Francis Guthrie poses the four colour problem to Augustus De Morgan. Medicine * January 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English People
The English people are an ethnic group and nation native to England, who speak the English language in England, English language, a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language, and share a common ancestry, history, and culture. The English identity began with the History of Anglo-Saxon England, Anglo-Saxons, when they were known as the , meaning "Angle kin" or "English people". Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who invaded Great Britain, Britain around the 5th century AD. The English largely descend from two main historical population groups: the West Germanic tribes, including the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes who settled in England and Wales, Southern Britain following the withdrawal of the Ancient Rome, Romans, and the Romano-British culture, partially Romanised Celtic Britons who already lived there.Martiniano, R., Caffell, A., Holst, M. et al. "Genomic signals of migration and continuity in Britain before the Anglo-Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John George Children
John George Children Royal Society, FRS FRSE Fellow of the Linnean Society, FLS Royal Entomological Society, PRES (18 May 1777 – 1 January 1852 in Halstead, Kent) was a British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist. He was a friend of Sir Humphry Davy, who helped him secure a controversial appointment to a post in the British Museum. Along with Davy he built a large galvanic cell, assisted him in experiments and invented a method to extract silver from ore without the need for mercury (element), mercury. Children was also the founding president of the Royal Entomological Society. His daughter Anna Atkins became a pioneer of botanical photography. Personal life John George was born on 18 May 1777 at Ferox Hall, Tonbridge, Kent. His father, George Children FRS (1742–1818), a banker, belonged to a family that lived at the home, near Nether Street in Hildenborough; his mother, Susanna, who was the daughter of Rev. Thomas Marshall Jordan of West Farleigh, died six days after he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1857 In Science
The year 1857 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy * Peter Andreas Hansen's ''Tables of the Moon'' are published in London. Biology * Rev. M. J. Berkeley publishes ''Introduction to Cryptogamic Botany''. Chemistry * Robert Bunsen invents apparatus for measuring effusion. * August Kekulé proposes that carbon is tetravalent, or forms exactly four chemical bonds. * Carl Wilhelm Siemens patents the Siemens cycle. Earth sciences * January 9 – The 7.9 Fort Tejon earthquake shakes Central and Southern California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (''Violent''). The event, which involves slip on the southern segment of the San Andreas Fault, leaves two people dead. * Friedrich Albert Fallou publishes ''Anfangsgründe der Bodenkunde'' irst Principles of Soil Science laying the foundations for the modern study of soil science. Exploration * May 16 – The British North American Exploring Expedition, led by Irish geographer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Jacques Thénard
Louis Jacques Thénard (4 May 177721 June 1857) was a French chemist. Life He was born in a farm cottage near Nogent-sur-Seine in the Champagne district the son of a farm worker. In the post-Revolution French educational system, most boys received scholarships for education up to age 14, and this allowed him to be educated at the academy at Sens. He then went at the age of sixteen to study pharmacy in Paris. There he attended the lectures of Antoine François Fourcroy and Louis Nicolas Vauquelin. He was allowed into Vauquelin's laboratory even though he was unable to pay the monthly fee of 20 francs, due to the requests of Vauquelin's sisters. But his progress was so rapid that in two or three years he was able to take his master's place at the lecture-table, and Fourcroy and Vauquelin were so satisfied with his performance that they procured for him a school appointment in 1797 as a teacher of chemistry, and in 1798 one as at the École Polytechnique. Career In 1804 Vauquel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1855 In Science
The year 1855 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology * September – Alfred Russel Wallace publishes "On the Law which has Regulated the Introduction of New Species", which he has written while working in Sarawak on the island of Borneo in February; in December, Edward Blyth brings it to the attention of Charles Darwin. * Robert Remak publishes ''Untersuchungen über die Entwickelung der Wirbelthiere'' in Berlin, providing evidence for cell division, which is supported (but not acknowledged) by Rudolf Virchow. Cartography * September – Rev. James Patterson presents the Gall orthographic projection for celestial and terrestrial equal-area cartography. Chemistry * May 10 – The Bunsen burner is invented by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen. * Friedrich Gaedcke first isolates the cocaine alkaloid, which he names "erythroxyline". * William Odling proposes a methane type ( tetravalent) for carbon. * Charles-Adolphe Wurtz publishes the Wurtz re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
