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1708 In Science
{{Science year nav, 1708 The year 1708 in science and technology involved some significant events. Physiology and medicine * Herman Boerhaave publishes ''Institutiones medicae'', one of the earliest textbooks on physiology. Technology * Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced at Dresden in Saxony by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger. Births * January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, German artist, botanist and entomologist (died 1770 in science, 1770) * October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss physician and scientist, founder of neurology (died 1777 in science, 1777) * October 22 – Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (died 1742 in science, 1742) * October 27 – Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French bridge engineer (died 1794 in science, 1794) Deaths * August 1 – Edward Tyson, English comparative anatomist (born 1651 in science, 1651) * October 10 – David Gregory (mathematician), David Gregory, Scott ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1777 In Science
The year 1777 in science and technology involved some significant events. Exploration * March – Third voyage of James Cook: English explorer James Cook, Captain Cook discovers Mangaia and Atiu in the Cook Islands. Mathematics * Leonhard Euler introduces the symbol ''i'' to represent the square root of −1. Technology * ''probable date'' – Thomas Arnold of London produces the first watch ("Arnold 36") to be called a ''chronometer watch, chronometer''. Awards * Copley Medal: John Mudge Births * February 12 – Bernard Courtois, French people, French chemist (died 1838 in science, 1838) * April 30 – Carl Friedrich Gauss, Germans, German mathematician (died 1855 in science, 1855) * May 4 – Louis Jacques Thénard, French chemist (died 1857 in science, 1857) * May 18 – John George Children, English people, English chemist, mineralogist and entomologist (died 1852 in science, 1852) * August 14 – Hans Christian Ørsted, Danes, Danish physicist (died 1851 in science, 185 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematical model, models, and mathematics#Calculus and analysis, change. History One of the earliest known mathematicians was Thales of Miletus (); he has been hailed as the first true mathematician and the first known individual to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed. He is credited with the first use of deductive reasoning applied to geometry, by deriving four corollaries to Thales's theorem. The number of known mathematicians grew when Pythagoras of Samos () established the Pythagorean school, whose doctrine it was that mathematics ruled the universe and whose motto was "All is number". It was the Pythagoreans who coined the term "mathematics", and with whom the study of mathematics for its own sake begins. The first woman math ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ehrenfried Walter Von Tschirnhaus
Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus or Tschirnhauß (; 10 April 1651 – 11 October 1708) was a German mathematician, physicist, physician, and philosopher. He introduced the Tschirnhaus transformation and is considered by some to have been the inventor of European porcelain, an invention long accredited to Johann Friedrich Böttger but others claim porcelain had been made by English manufacturers at an even earlier date. Biography Von Tschirnhaus was born in Kieslingswalde (now Sławnikowice in western Poland) and died in Dresden, Saxony. Education Von Tschirnhaus attended the Gymnasium at Görlitz. Thereafter he studied mathematics, philosophy, and medicine at the University of Leiden. He travelled considerably in France, Italy, and Switzerland, and served in the army of Holland (1672–1673). During his travels he met Baruch de Spinoza and Christiaan Huygens in the Netherlands, Isaac Newton in England, and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (with whom he maintained a lifelong c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1659 In Science
The year 1659 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy * Christiaan Huygens publishes ''Systema Saturnium'', including the first illustration of the Orion Nebula. Mathematics * First known use of the term ''Abscissa'', by Stefano degli Angeli.According to Moritz Cantor. * Swiss mathematician Johann Rahn publishes ''Teutsche Algebra,'' containing the first printed use of the 'division sign' (÷, a repurposed obelus variant) as a mathematical symbol for division and of the 'therefore sign' (∴). Medicine * Thomas Willis publishes ''De Febribus''. Physics * Christiaan Huygens derives the formula for centripedal force. Births * February 27 – William Sherard, English botanist (died 1728) * June 3 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (died 1708) Deaths * October 10 – Abel Tasman, Dutch explorer (born 1603 Events January–March * January 24 – Anglo-Spanish War: English Admiral Christopher Newport leads an unsuccessful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galaxies – in either observational astronomy, observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers study include planetary science, Sun, solar astronomy, the Star formation, origin or stellar evolution, evolution of stars, or the galaxy formation and evolution, formation of galaxies. A related but distinct subject is physical cosmology, which studies the Universe as a whole. Types Astronomers typically fall under either of two main types: observational astronomy, observational and theoretical astronomy, theoretical. Observational astronomers make direct observations of Astronomical object, celestial objects and analyze the data. In contrast, theoretical astronomers create and investigate Con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish People
Scottish people or Scots (; ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Scotland. Historically, they emerged in the Scotland in the Early Middle Ages, early Middle Ages from an amalgamation of two Celtic peoples, the Picts and Gaels, who founded the Kingdom of Scotland (or ''Kingdom of Alba, Alba'') in the 9th century. In the following two centuries, Celtic-speaking Hen Ogledd, Cumbrians of Kingdom of Strathclyde, Strathclyde and Germanic-speaking Anglo-Saxons, Angles of Northumbria became part of Scotland. In the Scotland in the High Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, during the 12th-century Davidian Revolution, small numbers of Normans, Norman nobles migrated to the Lowlands. In the 13th century, the Norse-Gaels of the Kingdom of the Isles, Western Isles became part of Scotland, followed by the Norsemen, Norse of the Northern Isles in the 15th century. In modern usage, "Scottish people" or "Scots" refers to anyone whose linguistic, cultural, family ancestral or genetic origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gregory (mathematician)
David Gregory (originally spelt Gregorie) FRS (3 June 1659 – 10 October 1708) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. He was professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, and later Savilian Professor of Astronomy at the University of Oxford, and a proponent of Isaac Newton's '' Principia''. Biography The fourth of the fifteen children of David Gregorie, a doctor from Kinnairdy, Banffshire, and Jean Walker of Orchiston, David was born in Upper Kirkgate, Aberdeen. The nephew of astronomer and mathematician James Gregory, David, like his influential uncle before him, studied at Aberdeen Grammar School and Marischal College (University of Aberdeen), from 1671 to 1675. The Gregorys were Jacobites and left Scotland to escape religious discrimination. Young David visited several countries on the continent, including the Netherlands (where he began studying medicine at Leiden University) and France, and did not return to Scotland until 1683. On 28 November 1683 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1651 In Science
The year 1651 in science and technology involved some significant events. Anatomy * Jean Pecquet publishes ''Experimenta nova anatomica'' which includes his findings on the lymphatic system. * William Harvey describes organ formation in the developing embryo in ''De Generatione''. Astronomy * William Gilbert's ''De Mundo Nostro Sublunari Philosophia Nova'' ("A New Philosophy of Our Sublunar World") is published posthumously. It theorises that the fixed stars are not all the same distance from Earth, and that the force of magnetism holds the planets in orbit around the Sun. * Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli's ''Almagestum Novum'' includes a map of the Moon giving definitive names to many features. Botany * Begonias become known in Europe (although discovered by Father Francisco Hernández in Mexico before 1577). Chemistry * German scientist Johann Glauber publishes ''Opera omnia chymica (Complete Works of Chemistry)'', a description of different techniques in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparative Anatomist
Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in the early modern period with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans. Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals. History The first specifically anatomical investigation separate from a surgical or medical procedure is associated by Alcmaeon of Croton. Leonardo da Vinci made notes for a planned anatomical treatise in which he intended to compare the hands of various animals including bears. Pierre Belon, a French naturalist born in 1517, conducted research and held discussions on dolphin embryos as well as the comparisons between the skeletons of birds to the skeletons of humans. His research led to modern comparative an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Tyson
Edward Tyson (20 January 1651 – 1 August 1708) was an English scientist and physician. He is commonly regarded as the founder of modern comparative anatomy, which compares the anatomy between species. Biography Tyson was born the son of Edward Tyson at Clevedon, in Somerset. He became a BA from Oxford on 8 February 1670, an MA from Oxford on 4 November 1673, and an MD from Cambridge in 1678. He was admitted to the College of Physicians on 30 September 1680 and as a Fellow in April 1683. In 1684 he was appointed physician and governor to the Bethlem Hospital in London (the first mental hospital in Britain and the second in Europe). He is credited with changing the hospital from a zoo of sorts to a place intended to assist its inmates. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in November 1679. He is buried at St Dionis Backchurch. Anatomical research In 1680, Tyson studied a porpoise and established that it is a mammal. He noted that the convoluted structures of the brains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1794 In Science
The year 1794 in science and technology involved some significant events. Anatomy * Antonio Scarpa publishes ', the first work to give an accurate depiction of cardiac innervation, and to include the discovery that the inner ear is filled with fluid. Astronomy * Ernst Chladni publishes ''Über den Ursprung der von Pallas gefundenen und anderer ihr ähnlicher Eisenmassen und über einige damit in Verbindung stehende Naturerscheinungen'' ("On the Origin of the Pallas Iron and Others Similar to it, and on Some Associated Natural Phenomena") in which he proposes that meteorites have their origins in outer space. * Completion of the Radcliffe Observatory for the University of Oxford, Thomas Hornsby being the first observer. Biology * Erasmus Darwin publishes the first edition of ''Zoonomia'', a medical work in two volumes that touches upon proto-evolutionary concepts, notably arguing that all extant organisms are descended from one common ancestor. The work will later influence h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
