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12 Cm K.A.
The 12 cm K.A. was a Dutch fortress, siege and naval rifled bronze breechloading gun. In the Dutch army it was called . In the Dutch navy: . It was produced in substantial numbers in the Netherlands. There were also steel and steel bronze versions. Context The name 12 cm K.A. The army most often designated this gun as: 'Kanon van 12 cm K.A.'. It was a short bronze breechloading gun meant for indirect fire. K.A. stood for (short) and (breechloader). That the gun was made of bronze, was not mentioned, because all army short 12 cm breechloaders were made of bronze. The label 'short' stood for the relatively short barrel, but also that the gun was meant for indirect fire. In the army, there were also Long 12 cm guns, designated L. or . These also carried a label 'bronze' or 'steel'. The navy also had a steel version of the 12 cm K.A., but kept them apart by using numbers. Procurement In early 1870 the Dutch field artillery was very backward. In M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gun-howitzer
Gun-howitzer (also referred to as gun howitzer) is a type of artillery weapon that is intended to fulfill both the role of ordinary cannon or field gun, and that of a howitzer. It is thus able to convey both direct fire, direct and indirect fire. Modern gun-howitzers are usually identified just as howitzers. To be able to serve as a howitzer, gun-howitzers are typically built to achieve at least 60° to 70° of Elevation (ballistics), elevation. For effective direct fire, the gun-howitzers typically employ a fairly long gun barrel, usually not shorter than 30 calibres. Its ammunition also has a high muzzle velocity and usually of large calibre ( calibre and greater). History Historically the first gun-howitzer was the French ''canon obusier'' of the mid-19th century. The smooth-bore Canon obusier de 12 was a versatile weapon that quickly replaced both ordinary cannons and howitzers in French service, and became one of the basic types of artillery used by both sides of the America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieter Oosterhuis, Afb 010003025150
Pieter is a male given name, the Dutch form of Peter. The name has been one of the most common names in the Netherlands for centuries, but since the mid-twentieth century its popularity has dropped steadily, from almost 3000 per year in 1947 to about 100 a year in 2016. at the Corpus of First Names in The Netherlands Some of the better known people with this name are below. See for a longer list. * Pieter de Coninck (?-1332), Flemish revolutionary * Pieter van der Moere (c. 1480–1572), Flemish Franciscan missionary in Mexico known as "Pedro de Gante" * |
Naval Guns Of The Netherlands
A navy, naval force, or maritime force is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval warfare, naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral zone, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface Naval ship, ships, amphibious warfare, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne naval aviation, aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields. The strategic offensive role of a navy is Power projection, projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect Sea lane, sea-lanes, deter or confront piracy, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atjeh-class Cruiser
The ''Atjeh'' class was a class of unprotected cruisers of the Royal Netherlands Navy. The class comprised ''Atjeh'', ''Tromp'', ''Koningin Emma der Nederlanden'', ''De Ruyter'', ''Van Speyk'' and ''Johan Willem Friso''. Context Replacing steam corvettes with unprotected cruisers In the 1860s the Netherlands had given priority to building an armored fleet for coastal defense in Europe. Meanwhile, the Dutch East Indies were primarily defended by the steam corvettes called screw steamships first class (s, ). In late 1870 the minister for the navy ordered the first ship meant to replace these, the ironclad . Somewhat later the government decided to replace part of the screw steamships first class with unprotected cruisers (), even though these would also be called screw steamships first class. Later, the armored part would be supplemented by the ironclad , which would be sent to the Indies in 1876. A third armored ship was planned, but postponed 'in order to first gain more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banda Aceh
Banda Aceh ( Acehnese: ''Banda Acèh'', Jawoë: كوتا بند اچيه) is the capital and largest city in the province of Aceh, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra and has an elevation of . The city covers an area of and had a population of 223,446 people at the 2010 Census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. rising to 252,899 at the 2020 Census. The official estimate as at mid 2021 was 255,029.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022. Banda Aceh is located on the northwestern tip of Indonesia at the mouth of the Aceh River. Banda Aceh itself is a semi-enclave within Aceh Besar Regency, as Banda Aceh is surrounded by Aceh Besar to the south, east, and west, while it borders with the Strait of Malacca to the north. The city was originally established as Bandar Aceh Darussalam Kandang and served as a capital and hub for the Sultanate of Aceh upon its foundation in the late 15th century. Later its name was changed to ''Bandar Aceh Darussalam'', and then it bec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Aceh Expedition
The Dutch dispatched a second expedition in Aceh in late 1873 during the Aceh War following the failed First Aceh Expedition of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army to Aceh. At that time this expedition was one of the largest Dutch ever launched in the Indonesian archipelago, the expedition consisted of 8,500 troops, 4,500 servants and coolies, and a reserve of 1,500 troops was later added. Both the Dutch and Acehnese suffered from disease (mostly cholera) during this time. 1,400 colonial soldiers died between November 1873 and April 1874. After the Acehnese abandoned their capital, Banda Aceh, the Dutch moved into the capital in January 1874 thinking the Acehnese had surrendered and they had had won the war. They announced that the Aceh Sultanate was dissolved and that Aceh was annexed. Foreign powers thus refrained from interference, however, Acehnese resistance remained. Sultan Mahmud Syah and his followers withdrew to the hills and jungles territory of Aceh, where Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12 Cm Battery During Second Aceh Expedition AKL082845
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Broadwell Ring
The Broadwell ring is a small obturating ring used in 1860s and 1870s rifled breech loaders in Continental Europe to ensure obturation (usually in sliding wedge breechlocks). American engineer Lewis Wells Broadwell who worked as sales agent for the Gatling Gun Company in Europe replaced a papier-mache obturating cup behind the bagged charge in early bag-loaded RBLs with a metallic gas ring and patented his invention in 1861, later perfecting it in 1864 and 1866; most countries paid royalties to Broadwell for the design, but in Germany the Krupp company stole it and used it without paying. The ring sits in a recess at the rear end of the bore, and abuts against a flat plate. When the gun is fired, the rapidly expanding gases produced by the combustion of gunpowder force the Broadwell Ring against the plate, sealing the end of the bore against escape and directing the full force of the explosion toward propelling the bullet. The Broadwell ring is readily removed and replaced for main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stelling Van Amsterdam
The UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Defence Line of Amsterdam (in Dutch named ''Stelling van Amsterdam'', ) is a ring of fortifications around Amsterdam. It has 42 forts that are from the centre and lowlands, which can easily be flooded in time of war. The flooding was designed to give a depth of about , too little for boats to cross. Any buildings within of the line had to be made of wood so that they could be burnt and the obstruction removed. The Stelling van Amsterdam was constructed between 1880 and 1920. The invention of the aeroplane and tank made the forts obsolete almost as soon as they were finished. Many of the forts now are under the control of both the town councils and the nature department. They may be visited by the public, and admission is free on Monuments Day, the second Saturday in September. Function The Stelling van Amsterdam was primarily a defensive water line (Dutch: ''waterlinie''). In the event of an enemy attack, large tracts of land aroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Gun
Naval artillery is artillery mounted on a warship, originally used only for naval warfare and then subsequently used for naval gunfire support, shore bombardment and anti-aircraft roles. The term generally refers to tube-launched projectile-firing weapons and excludes self-propelled projectiles such as torpedoes, rockets, and missiles and those simply dropped overboard such as depth charges and naval mines. Origins The idea of ship-borne artillery dates back to the classical era. Julius Caesar indicates the use of ship-borne catapults against Britons ashore in his ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''. The dromons of the Byzantine Empire carried catapults and Greek fire, fire-throwers. From the late Middle Ages onwards, warships began to carry cannon, cannons of various calibres. The Mongol invasion of Java introduced cannons to be used in naval warfare (e.g. Cetbang by the Majapahit). The Battle of Arnemuiden, fought between England and France in 1338 at the start of the Hundred Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avant La Lettre
Many words in the English vocabulary are of French origin, most coming from the Anglo-Norman spoken by the upper classes in England for several hundred years after the Norman Conquest, before the language settled into what became Modern English. English words of French origin, such as ''art'', ''competition'', ''force'', ''machine'', and ''table'' are pronounced according to English rules of phonology, rather than French, and are commonly used by English speakers without any consciousness of their French origin. This article, on the other hand, covers French words and phrases that have entered the English lexicon without ever losing their character as Gallicisms: they remain unmistakably "French" to an English speaker. They are most common in written English, where they retain French diacritics and are usually printed in italics. In spoken English, at least some attempt is generally made to pronounce them as they would sound in French; an entirely English pronunciation is r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
