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Calymene
''Calymene'' Brongniart, 1822, is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops. ''Calymene'' is closely related to ''Flexicalymene'', and both genera are frequently found enrolled. Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments. The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822). A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816) (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433. Etymology ''Calymene'' - meaning ''beautiful crescent'' as a reference to the glabella. Known species and locations *†'' Calymene blumenbachii'', Dudley, England - Type *†''Calymene brevicapitata'', N. and S. Wales *†''Calymene breviceps'', Indiana and Illinois *†'' Calymene celebra'', Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. *†''Calymen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymene Blumenbachii
''Calymene blumenbachii'' Brongniart ''in'' Desmarest (1817),Desmarest, A. G. 1817. Calymène. in: ''Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition'', Tome 8, pp. 517 - 518. sometimes erroneously spelled ''blumenbachi'', is a species of trilobite discovered in the limestone quarries of the Wren's Nest in Dudley, England. Nicknamed the ''Dudley Bug'' or ''Dudley Locust'' by 18th-century quarrymen it became a symbol of the town and featured on the Dudley County Borough Council coat-of-arms. ''Calymene blumenbachii'' is commonly found in Silurian rocks (422.5–427.5 million years ago) and is thought to have lived in the shallow waters of the Silurian, in low-energy reefs. This particular species of ''Calymene'' (a fairly common genus in the Ordovician-Silurian) is unique to the Wenlock series in England, and comes from the Wenlock Limestone Formation in Much Wenlock and the Wren's Nest in Dudley. These sites seem to yield trilobites more readily than any other ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymene Niagarensis
''Calymene niagarensis'' is a species of trilobite belonging to the genus ''Calymene ''Calymene'' Brongniart, 1822, is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops. ''Calymene'' is closely related to ''Flexicaly ...''. These nektobenthic carnivores lived in the Middle Silurian, from 436.0 to 426.2 Ma. Description ''Calymene niagarensis'' is a small species, reaching a length of about and a width of about . It has around 20 body segments and small, round eyes. Distribution Fossils of this species have been found in the Silurian sediments of United States. Most specimens have been found in New York and Oklahoma. References The Fossil Forum Calymenidae Paleontology in New York (state) Paleontology in Oklahoma {{Phacopida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymene Tristani
''Calymene tristani'' is a trilobite belonging to the order Phacopida family ''Calymene''. These trilobites lived in the Ordovician The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. T ... and Silurian periods. ReferencesPaleobiology Database*Sepkoski, JacSepkoski's Online Genus Database Calymenidae [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymene Celebra
''Calymene celebra'' is a Silurian species of trilobites of the order Phacopida and also the state fossil of Wisconsin. It is found in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M .... References Calymenidae Paleontology in Illinois Paleontology in Wisconsin Paleontology in Indiana {{Phacopida-stub Fossil taxa described in 1916 Symbols of Wisconsin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trilobite
Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the Atdabanian stage of the Early Cambrian period () and they flourished throughout the lower Paleozoic before slipping into a long decline, when, during the Devonian, all trilobite orders except the Proetida died out. The last extant trilobites finally disappeared in the mass extinction at the end of the Permian about 252 million years ago. Trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, existing in oceans for almost 270 million years, with over 22,000 species having been described. By the time trilobites first appeared in the fossil record, they were already highly diversified and geographically dispersed. Because trilobites had wide diversity and an easily fossilized exoskeleton, they left an extensive fossil record. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flexicalymene
''Flexicalymene'' Shirley, 1936. is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and Family Calymenidae. ''Flexicalymene'' specimens can be mistaken for '' Calymene'', ''Gravicalymene'', '' Diacalymene'' and a few other Calymenina genera. They are used as an index fossil in the Ordovician. Ohio and North America are particularly known for being rich with ''Flexicalymene'' fossils. Diagnosis "Glabella parabolic to bell-shaped in outline, with three or four lateral lobes and furrows. Lacks buttress(es) from fixed cheek to lateral glabellar lobe(s). Does not have preglabellar field. No distinct crescentic area outside lateral lobe l p. Facial sutures gonatoparian (exceptionally, can be proparian in Flexicalymene). Genal spines absent. Hypostome without discrete protuberance on anterior lobe of median body." (Siveter, 1976, p.353) Type species * ''Flexicalymene caractaci'' ( Salter, 1865). By original designation and by monotypy, ''Calymene blumenb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods ( myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calymenina
Calymenina is a suborder of the trilobite order Phacopida Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders. Characteristics Phacopida had 8 to 19 thoraci .... References Phacopida Prehistoric animal suborders Arthropod suborders Devonian trilobites Trilobites of Australia {{Phacopida-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phacopida
Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders. Characteristics Phacopida had 8 to 19 thoracic segments and are distinguishable by the expanded glabella, short or absent preglabellar area, and schizochroal (Phacopina) or holochroal (Cheirurina and Calymenina) eyes. Schizochroal eyes are compound eyes with up to around 700 separate lenses. Each lens has an individual cornea which extended into a rather large sclera. The development of schizochroal eyes in phacopid trilobites is an example of post-displacement paedomorphosis. The eyes of immature holochroal Cambrian trilobites were basically miniature schizochroal eyes. In Phacopida, these were retained, via delayed growth of these immature structures (post-displacement), into the adult form. '' Eldredgeops rana'' (Phacopidae) and '' Dalmanites limulurus'' ( Dalmanitidae) are tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. The bulk of Wisconsin's population live in areas situated along the shores of Lake Michigan. The largest city, Milwaukee, anchors its largest metropolitan area, followed by Green Bay and Kenosha, the third- and fourth-most-populated Wisconsin cities respectively. The state capital, Madison, is currently the second-most-populated and fastest-growing city in the state. Wisconsin is divided into 72 counties and as of the 2020 census had a population of nearly 5.9 million. Wisconsin's geography is diverse, having been greatly impacted by glaciers during the Ice Age with the exception of the Driftless Area. The Northern Highland and Western Upland along wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glabella (trilobite Anatomy)
The cephalon is the head section of an arthropod. It is a tagma, i.e., a specialized grouping of arthropod segments. The word cephalon derives from the Greek κεφαλή (kephalē), meaning "head". Insects In insects, ''head'' is a preferred term. The insect head consists of five segments, including three (the labial, maxillary and mandibular) necessary for food uptake, which are altogether known as the gnathocephalon and house the suboesophageal ganglion of the brain, as well as the antennal segment, and an ocular segment, as well as a non segmented fused section of the head where the archicerebrum is housed known as the acron. See also arthropod head problem. Chelicerates and crustaceans In chelicerates and crustaceans, the cephalothorax is derived from the fusion of the cephalon and the thorax, and is usually covered by a single unsegmented carapace. In relation with the arthropod head problem, phylogeny studies show that members of the Malacostraca class of crusta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dudley
Dudley is a large market town and administrative centre in the county of West Midlands, England, southeast of Wolverhampton and northwest of Birmingham. Historically an exclave of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley; in 2011 it had a population of 79,379. The Metropolitan Borough, which includes the towns of Stourbridge and Halesowen, had a population of 312,900. In 2014 the borough council named Dudley as the capital of the Black Country. Originally a market town, Dudley was one of the birthplaces of the Industrial Revolution and grew into an industrial centre in the 19th century with its iron, coal, and limestone industries before their decline and the relocation of its commercial centre to the nearby Merry Hill Shopping Centre in the 1980s. Tourist attractions include Dudley Zoo and Castle, the 12th century priory ruins, and the Black Country Living Museum. History Early history Dudley has a history dating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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