''Calymene'' Brongniart, 1822, is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

trilobite Trilobites (; meaning "three lobes") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Trilobites form one of the earliest-known groups of arthropods. The first appearance of trilobites in the fossil record defines the base of the ...

s in the order

Phacopida Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders. Characteristics Phacopida had 8 to 19 thoraci ...

, suborder

Calymenina Calymenina is a suborder of the trilobite order Phacopida Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three relate ...

, that are found throughout

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and th ...

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

, and

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

in primarily

Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleoz ...

outcrops. ''Calymene'' is closely related to ''

Flexicalymene ''Flexicalymene'' Shirley, 1936. is a genus of trilobites belonging to the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina and Family Calymenidae. ''Flexicalymene'' specimens can be mistaken for '' Calymene'', '' Gravicalymene'', '' Diacalymene'' and a ...

'', and both genera are frequently found enrolled. Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments. The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822). A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816) (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.

Etymology

''Calymene'' - meaning ''beautiful crescent'' as a reference to the

glabella The glabella, in humans, is the area of skin between the eyebrows and above the nose. The term also refers to the underlying bone that is slightly depressed, and joins the two brow ridges. It is a cephalometric landmark that is just superior t ...

Known species and locations

*†'' Calymene blumenbachii'',

Dudley Dudley is a large market town and administrative centre in the county of West Midlands, England, southeast of Wolverhampton and northwest of Birmingham. Historically an exclave of Worcestershire, the town is the administrative centre of the ...

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe ...

- Type *†''Calymene brevicapitata'', N. and S.

Wales Wales ( cy, Cymru ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in ...

*†''Calymene breviceps'',

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th ...

and

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rock ...

*†'' Calymene celebra'',

, and

Wisconsin Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...

. *†''Calymene clavicula'',

Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a state in the South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the north, Missouri on the northeast, Arkansas on the east, New ...

*†''Calymene daviesii'',

Radnorshire , HQ = Presteigne , Government = Radnorshire County Council (1889–1974) Radnorshire District Council (1974–1996) , Origin = , Status = historic county, administrative county , Start ...

*†''Calymene duplicata'', Wales and

Ireland Ireland ( ; ga, Éire ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe, north-western Europe. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel (Grea ...

*†''Calymene hopkinsoni'', Wales *†'' Calymene niagarensis'', New York *†''Calymene parvifrons'', Wales *†''Calymene senaria'', N. Wales and Ireland *†'' Calymene tristani'',

Cornwall Cornwall (; kw, Kernow ) is a historic county and ceremonial county in South West England. It is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, and is the homeland of the Cornish people. Cornwall is bordered to the north and west by the Atlantic ...

, England *†''Calymene tuberculata'', Gotland, Sweden *†''Calymene vogdesi'',

Ohio Ohio () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. Of the fifty U.S. states, it is the 34th-largest by area, and with a population of nearly 11.8 million, is the seventh-most populous and tenth-most densely populated. The sta ...

*†''Calymene'' sp. in the

–

Ordovician The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. T ...

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria t ...

Reassigned species

Since the genus ''Calymene'' was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera: * ''C. aculeata'' = '' Parasolenopleura aculeata'' * ''C. aequalis'' = '' Archegonus aequalis'' * ''C. anchiops'' = '' Anchiopella anchiops'' * ''C. arachnoides'' = '' Asteropyge arachnoides'' * ''C. arago'' = '' Colpocoryphe arago'' * ''C. articulata'' = '' Crotalocephalus articulatus'' * ''C. baylei'' = '' Metacalymene baylei'' * ''C. bellatula'' = '' Cybele bellatula'' * ''C. bufo rana'' = '' Phacops rana'' * ''C. calicephala'' = '' Orimops calicephala'' * ''C. canaliculata'' = '' Solenopleura canaliculata'' * ''C. cambrensis'' = '' Flexicalymene cambrensis'' * ''C. caractaci'' = '' Flexicalymene caractaci'' * ''C. clavifrons'' = '' Cyrtometopus clavifrons'' * ''C. concinna'' = '' Proetus concinnus'' * ''C. diademata'' = '' Diacalymene diademata'' * ''C. downingiae'' = '' Acaste downingiae'' * ''C. frontiloba'' = '' Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. granulata'' = '' Phacops granulatus'' * ''C. holometopa'' = '' Solenopleura holometopa'' * ''C. marginata'' = '' Perliproetus marginata'' * ''C. odini'' = '' Chasmops odini'' * ''C. ornata'' = '' Ceraurinella ornata'' * ''C. papillata'' = '' Papillicalymene papillata'' * ''C. platycephala'' = '' Platycoryphe platycephala'' * ''C. polytoma'' = '' Pliomera fischeri'' * ''C. sclerops'' = '' Pterygometopus sclerops'' * ''C. sinensis'' = '' Blackwelderia sinensis'' * ''C. speciosa'' = '' Parapilekia speciosa'' * ''C. stenometopa'' = '' Acrocephalites stenometopus'' * ''C. stokesii'' = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain * ''C. tingi'' = '' Calymenesun tingi'' * ''C. tournemini'' = '' Placoparia tournemini'' * ''C. tristani'' = '' Synhomalonotus tristani'' * ''C. unicornis'' = '' Reedocalymene unicornis'' * ''C. variolaris'' = '' Balizoma variolaris'' * ''C. verrucosa'' = '' Atractopyge verrucosa'' * ''C. volborthi'' = '' Ptychometopus volborthi''

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2581412 Calymenidae Extinct animals of Europe Extinct animals of North America Early Ordovician first appearances Early Devonian genus extinctions Phacopida genera Tremadocian Floian Dapingian Darriwilian Sandbian Katian Hirnantian Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian Pridoli life Lochkovian life Pragian life Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state) Paleozoic life of Ontario Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia Paleozoic life of Nunavut Paleozoic life of Quebec