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Pseudo-Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their work to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. The term Corpus Aristotelicum covers both the authentic and spurious works of Aristotle. History The first Pseudo-Aristotelian works were produced by the members of the Peripatetic school, which was founded by Aristotle. However, many more works were written much later, during the Middle Ages. Because Aristotle had produced so many works on such a variety of subjects, it was possible for writers in many different contexts—notably medieval Europeans, North Africans and Arabs—to write a work and ascribe it to Aristotle. Attaching his name to such a work guaranteed it a certain amount of respect and acceptance, since Aristotle was regarded as one of the most authoritative ancient writers for the learned men of both Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On The Universe
''On the Universe'' ( el, Περὶ Κόσμου; la, De Mundo) is a theological and scientific treatise included in the Corpus Aristotelicum but usually regarded as spurious. It was likely published between and the . The work discusses cosmological, geological, and meteorological subjects, alongside a consideration of the role an independent god plays in maintaining the universe. Contents According to Johan C. Thom, ''De Mundo'' "attempts to provide an explanation of the role of god in preserving and maintaining the cosmos while at the same time upholding the notion of his transcendence and independence." This view is decidedly non-Aristotlean, given that Aristotle believed in a non-transcendent unmoved mover. While the work is mostly in the Peripatetic style established by Aristotle, elements of Platonic, Stoic, and Neopythagorean philosophy permeates it (which Thom argues is indicative of its post-Aristotlean authorship). Alongside its theological considerations, it also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Theology Of Aristotle
''The Theology of Aristotle'', also called ''Theologia Aristotelis'' ( ar, أثولوجيا أرسطو, Athulujiya Aristu) is a paraphrase in Arabic of parts of Plotinus' '' Six Enneads'' along with Porphyry's commentary. It was traditionally attributed to Aristotle, but as this attribution is certainly untrue it is conventional to describe the author as "Pseudo-Aristotle". It had a significant effect on early Islamic philosophy, due to Islamic interest in Aristotle. Al-Kindi (Alkindus) and Avicenna, for example, were influenced by Plotinus' works as mediated through the Theology and similar works. The translator attempted to integrate Aristotle's ideas with those of Plotinus — while trying to make Plotinus compatible with Christianity and Islam, thus yielding a unique synthesis. Overview ''The Theology of Aristotle'', with ''The Letter on Divine Science'' and ''The Sayings of the Greek Sage,'' a collection of fragments, together form the ''Plotiniana Arabica''. They seem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physiognomonics
''Physiognomonics'' ( el, Φυσιογνωμονικά; la, Physiognomonica) is an Ancient Greek pseudo-Aristotelian treatise on physiognomy attributed to Aristotle (and part of the Corpus Aristotelicum). Ancient physiognomy before the ''Physiognomonics'' Although ''Physiognomonics'' is the earliest work surviving in Greek devoted to the subject, texts preserved on clay tablets provide evidence of physiognomy manuals from the First Babylonian dynasty, containing divinatory case studies of the ominous significance of various bodily dispositions. At this point physiognomy is "a specific, already theorized, branch of knowledge" and the heir of a long-developed technical tradition.Raina, Introduction. While loosely physiognomic ways of thinking are present in Greek literature as early as Homer, physiognomy proper is not known before the classical period. The term ''physiognomonia'' first appears in the fifth-century BC Hippocratic treatise ''Epidemics'' (II.5.1). Physiognomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetoric To Alexander
The ''Rhetoric to Alexander'' (also widely known by its title in la, Rhetorica ad Alexandrum; grc, Τέχνη ῥητορική) is a treatise traditionally attributed to Aristotle. It was written by a Pseudo-Aristotle instead and is now generally believed to be the work of Anaximenes of Lampsacus. Authorship Quintilian seems to refer to this work under Anaximenes' name in '' Institutio Oratoria'', as the Italian Renaissance philologist Piero Vettori first recognized. This attribution has been disputed by some scholars however. Content As a complete Greek manual on rhetoric Rhetoric () is the art of persuasion, which along with grammar and logic (or dialectic), is one of the three ancient arts of discourse. Rhetoric aims to study the techniques writers or speakers utilize to inform, persuade, or motivate par ... still extant from the fourth century BCE, ''Rhetoric to Alexander'' gives us an invaluable look into the rhetorical theory of the time. Aristotle did in fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, geology, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. Arist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On Marvellous Things Heard
''On Marvellous Things Heard'' ( grc-gre, Περὶ θαυμασίων ἀκουσμάτων; Latin: ''De mirabilibus auscultationibus'') is a collection of thematically arranged anecdotes traditionally attributed to Aristotle but written by a Pseudo-Aristotle. The material included in the collection mainly deals with the natural worldThomas (2002:138). (e.g., plants, animals, minerals, weather, geography). The work is an example of the paradoxography literary genre. According to the revised Oxford translation of ''The Complete Works of Aristotle'' this treatise's "spuriousness has never been seriously contested".Barnes (1995:VII). See also *Corpus Aristotelicum *Antigonus of Carystus Notes References * Thomas, Rosalind (2002). ''Herodotus in context: ethnography, science and the art of persuasion''. Cambridge University Press, * Jonathan Barnes (ed.) (61995)''The Complete Works of Aristotle'', Volume 2, Princeton University Press Princeton University Press is an indepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liber De Causis
The ("Book of Causes") is a philosophical work composed in the 9th century that was once attributed to Aristotle and that became popular in the Middle Ages, first in Arabic and Islamic countries and later in the Latin West. The real authorship remains a mystery, but most of the content is taken from a work by the Neoplatonic philosopher Proclus called ''Elements of Theology''. This was first noticed by Thomas Aquinas, following William of Moerbeke's translation of Proclus' work into Latin. As such it is now attributed to a pseudo-Aristotle. Title The original title in Arabic was , "The book of Aristotle's explanation of the pure good". The title came into use following the translation into Latin by Gerard of Cremona. The work was also translated into Armenian and Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Proprietatibus Elementorum
''De Proprietatibus Elementorum'' (English: On the Properties of the Elements) is a Medieval Arabic treatise on geology. It is also known as ''De Causis Proprietatum Elementorum'', ''De Proprietatibus Elementorum et Planetarum'' or simply ''De Elementis''. It was probably written in the ninth or tenth century. The author of the work claimed to be Aristotle, but eventually it was determined that it was an original work by an Arab author. Consequently, the work is now attributed to a Pseudo-Aristotle. History The work did not have a lasting impact on science in the medieval Islamic world, but it became important in Europe after it was translated to Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the twelfth century. By the thirteenth century, it had become one of the three main sources for medieval knowledge on geology, together with Aristotle's ''Meteorology'' and Avicenna's ''De Mineralibus''. These three treatises were an important influence on the study of geology by Albertus Magnus. When schola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle's Masterpiece
''Aristotle's Masterpiece'', also known as ''The Works of Aristotle, the Famous Philosopher'', is a sex manual and a midwifery book that was popular in England from the early modern period through to the nineteenth century. It was first published in 1684 and written by an unknown author who falsely claimed to be Aristotle. As a consequence the author is now described as a Pseudo-Aristotle, the collective name for unidentified authors who masqueraded as Aristotle. Some claim that the book was banned in Britain until the 1960s, although there was no provision in the UK for "banning" books as such. However, reputable publishers and booksellers might have been cautious about selling ''Aristotle's Masterpiece'', at least in the wake of the 1857 Obscene Publications Act. Content Although many people in the twenty-first century might think of early modern readers as prudish, ''Aristotle’s Masterpiece'' was not only a book on midwifery but also a sex manual. It therefore gave frank e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretum Secretorum
The or (from Latin: "The Secret of Secrets"), also known as the ( ar, كتاب سر الأسرار, lit=The Secret Book of Secrets), is a pseudo-Aristotelian treatise which purports to be a letter from Aristotle to his student Alexander the Great on an encyclopedic range of topics, including statecraft, ethics, physiognomy, astrology, alchemy, magic, and medicine. The earliest extant editions claim to be based on a 9th-century Arabic translation of a Syriac translation of the lost Greek original. Modern scholarship finds it likely to have been a 10th-century work composed in Arabic. Translated into Latin in the mid-12th century, it was influential among European intellectuals during the High Middle Ages. Origin The origin of the treatise remains uncertain. The Arabic edition claims to be a translation from Greek by 9th-century scholar Abu Yahya ibn al-Batriq (died 806 CE), and one of the main translators of Greek-language philosophical works for Al-Ma'mun, working f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrology
Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the Hindus, Chinese, and the Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, from where it spread to Ancient Greece, Rome, the Islamic world, and eventually Central and Western Europe. Contemporary Western a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The English language, the Anglican Church, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
