A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups, according to Richard Wettstein's ''Handbuch der Systematischen Botanik'' (1901–1924).
3rd edition (1924)
Outline
Synopsis
*
Flagellatae
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their ...
Flagellatae
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella. The word ''flagellate'' also describes a particular construction (or level of organization) characteristic of many prokaryotes and eukaryotes and their ...
p. 65
* I. phylum ''Schizophyta''
*::: 1. classis ''Schizophyceae''
*::: 2. classis '' Schizomycetes''
* II. phylum ''Monadophyta''
* III. phylum '' Myxophyta'' p. 69
* IV. phylum ''Conjugatophyta''
* V. phylum ''Bacillariophyta''
* VI. phylum ''Conjugatae''
* VII. phylum ''Rhodophyta''
*::: 1. classis ''Bang, 1924, loc=[]ieae''
*::: 2. classis ''Florideae''
* VIII. phylum ''Euthallophyta''
*::: 1. classis ''Chlorophyceae''
*::: 2. classis ''Fungi''
*:::A. ''Eumycetes''
*:::: 1. subclassis ''Phycomycetes''
*:::: 2. subclassis ''Ascomycetes''
*:::: 3. subclassis ''Basidiomycetes''
*:::B. ''Lichenes''
*:::: 1. subclassis ''Ascolichenes''
*:::: 2. subclassis ''Basidiolichenes''
* IX. phylum ''Cormophyta''
*: I. divisio ''Archegoniatae''
Bryophyta
*:: 1. subdivisio ''Bryophyta''
*::: 1. classis ''Musci''
*::: 2. classis ''Hepaticae''
Pteridophyta
*:: 2. subdivisio ''Pteridophyta''
*::: 1. classis ''Psilophytinae''
*::: 2. classis ''Lycopodiinae''
*::: 3. classis ''Psilotinae''
*::: 4. classis ''Articulatae''
*::: 5. classis ''Filicinae''
*: II. divisio ''Anthophyta''
*:: 1. subdivisio ''Gymnospermae''
*::: 1. classis ''Pteridospermae''
*::: 2. classis ''Cycadinae''
*::: 3. classis ''Benettitinae''
*::: 4. classis ''Cordaïtinae''
*::: 5. classis ''Ginkgoinae''
*::: 6. classis ''Coniferae''
*::: 7. classis ''Gnetinae''
*:: 2. subdivisio ''Angiospermae''
*::: 1. classis ''Dicotyledones''
*:::: 1. subclassis ''Choripetalae''
*::::: A. ''Monochlamideae''
*::::: B. ''Dialypetalae''
*:::: 2. subclassis ''Sympetalae''
*::: 2. classis ''Monocotyledones''
Gymnospermae
*::1. subdivisio ''Gymnospermae''
*::: 1. classis ''Pteridospermae'' (fossil only)
*::: 2. classis ''Cycadinae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Cycadaceae
''Cycas'' is a genus of plants belonging to a very ancient lineage, the Cycadophyta, which are not closely related to palms, ferns, trees or any other modern group of plants. They are evergreen perennials which achieved their maximum diversity i ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Zamiaceae
The Zamiaceae are a family of cycads that are superficially palm or fern-like. They are divided into two subfamilies with eight genera and about 150 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Australia and North and South Americ ...
''
*::: 3. classis ''Benettitinae'' (fossil only)
*::: 4. classis ''Cordaïtinae'' (fossil only)
*::: 5. classis ''Ginkgoinae''
*:::::: 1. familia '' Ginkgoaceae''
*::: 6. classis '' Coniferae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Taxaceae
Taxaceae (), commonly called the yew family, is a coniferous family which includes six extant and two extinct genera, and about 30 species of plants, or in older interpretations three genera and 7 to 12 species.
Description
They are many-bran ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioeci ...
''
*:::::: 3. familia '' Abietaceae''
*::: 7. classis ''Gnetinae''
*:::::: 1. familia '' Ephedraceae''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Gnetaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Welwitschiaceae
Welwitschiaceae is a family of plants of the order Gnetales with one living species, ''Welwitschia mirabilis'', found in southwestern Africa. Three fossil genera have been recovered from the Crato Formation – late Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) str ...
''
Angiospermae
*::2. subdivisio ''
Angiospermae
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...
'' p. 467
= Dicotyledones
=
*::: 1. classis '' Dicotyledones'' p. 539
*:::: 1. subclassis ''
Choripetalae
Choripetalae Eichler (1876), is a descriptive botanical name used in the Eichler and Wettstein systems for a group of flowering plants. It was one of two groups within the Dicotyledones, the other being the Sympetalae. The latter have fused pet ...
''
*::::: A. ''
Monochlamydeae
Monochlamydae is an artificial taxonomic group used in the identification of plants. It was largely abandoned by taxonomists in the 19th century, but has been often used since. Bentham and Hooker's classification, published in 1880, used this gr ...
'' p. 540
*::::: 1. ordo ''
Verticillatae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pa ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Casuarinaceae
The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the ...
''
*::::: 2. ordo ''
Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia '' Betulaceae''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Fagaceae
The Fagaceae are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. Fagaceae in temperate regions are mostly deciduous, whereas in the tropics, many species occur as ever ...
''
*::::: 3. ordo ''
Myricales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best-known trees. The order name is derived from genus ''Fagus'', beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families and genera currently included are as ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Myricaceae
The Myricaceae are a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from ''Myrica'' into a fourth genus ''Morella''. About 55 speci ...
''
*::::: 4. ordo ''
Leitneriales
''Leitneria floridana'' (corkwood), the sole species in the genus ''Leitneria'', is a deciduous dioecious shrub or small tree, found only in the southern United States states of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Missouri and Texas.
It grows at damp h ...
''
*:::::: familia '' Leitneriaceae''
*::::: 5. ordo ''
Juglandales
Juglandales is an order of flowering plants. This order was recognised in several systems (e.g. Engler system and Wettstein system). The Cronquist system placed the order in the subclass Hamamelidae, as comprising the families Juglandaceae and ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Julianiaceae
Anacardioideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Anacardiaceae
The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of t ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Juglandaceae
The Juglandaceae are a plant family known as the walnut family. They are trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia.
The nine or ten genera in the family have ...
''
*::::: 6. ordo '' Salicales''
*:::::: familia '' Salicaceae''
*::::: 7. ordo ''
Batidales
The Brassicales (or Cruciales) are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate (mustard oil) compo ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Batidaceae
''Batis'' (turtleweed, saltwort, beachwort, or pickleweed) is a genus of two species of flowering plants, the only genus in the family Bataceae. They are halophytic (salt tolerant) plants, native to the coastal salt marshes of warm temperate an ...
'' ic,_now_''Bataceae''.html" ;"title="Bataceae.html" ;"title="ic, now ''Bataceae">ic, now ''Bataceae''">Bataceae.html" ;"title="ic, now ''Bataceae">ic, now ''Bataceae''*::::: 8. ordo ''Balanopsidales''
*:::::: familia ''Balanopsidaceae'' [sic, now ''Balanopaceae'']
*::::: 9. ordo ''Urticales''
*:::::: 1. familia ''Moraceae''
*:::::: 2. familia ''Cannabaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia '' Ulmaceae''
*:::::: 4. familia '' Eucommiaceae''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Rhoipteleaceae
''Rhoiptelea'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae. It contains a single species, ''Rhoiptelea chiliantha'', commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleac ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia ''
Urticaceae
The Urticaceae are a family, the nettle family, of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus ''Urtica''. The Urticaceae include a number of well-known and useful plants, including nettles in the genus ''Urtica'', ramie (''Boehmeri ...
''
*:::::10. ordo '' Piperales''
*:::::: familia ''
Piperaceae
The Piperaceae (), also known as the pepper family, are a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,600 currently accepted species in 5 genera. The vast majority of species can be found within the two main genera: '' Piper' ...
''
*::::: ''
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
Proteales
Proteales is an order of flowering plants consisting of three (or four) families. The Proteales have been recognized by almost all taxonomists.
The representatives of the Proteales are very different from each other. The order contains plants ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Proteaceae
The Proteaceae form a family of flowering plants predominantly distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises 83 genera with about 1,660 known species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae, they make up the order ...
Octoknemaceae
Octoknemaceae is a monotypic family of flowering plants endemic to continental Africa. The APG III system of 2009 and the APG II system of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), do not recognize this family.Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2 ...
''
*:::::: 5. familia '' Olacaceae''
*:::::: 6. familia '' Myzodendraceae''
*:::::: 7. familia ''
Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae, commonly known as the showy mistletoes, is a family of flowering plants. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemiparasites. The three terrestrial species are ''Nuytsia floribunda'' (the W ...
Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in ...
''
*:::::14. ordo '' Centrospermae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Chenopodiaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus '' Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...
''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolaccaceae is a family of flowering plants. Though almost universally recognized by taxonomists, its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), ...
Aizoaceae
The Aizoaceae, or fig-marigold family, is a large family of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1800 species. They are commonly known as ice plants or carpet weeds. They are often called vygies in South Africa and N ...
''
*:::::: 7. familia ''
Cactaceae
A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Gre ...
''
*:::::: ic*:::::: 9. familia '' Portulacaceae''
*::::::10. familia '' Basellaceae''
*::::::11. familia ''
Caryophyllaceae
Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactacea ...
''
*:::::15. ordo '' Tricoccae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, is a large family of flowering plants. In English, they are also commonly called euphorbias, which is also the name of a genus in the family. Most spurges, such as '' Euphorbia paralias'', are herbs, but some, ...
Hamamelidaceae
Hamamelidaceae, commonly referred to as the witch-hazel family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. The clade consists of shrubs and small trees positioned within the woody clade of the core Saxifragales. An earlier sy ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Cercidiphyllaceae
''Cercidiphyllum'' is a genus containing two species of plants, both commonly called katsura. They are the sole members of the monotypic family Cercidiphyllaceae. The genus is native to Japan and China and unrelated to ''Cercis'' (redbuds).
D ...
Magnoliaceae
The Magnoliaceae () are a flowering plant family, the magnolia family, in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two genera: ''Magnolia'' and '' Liriodendron'' (tulip trees).
Unlike most angiosperms, whose flower parts are in whorls (rings), t ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Trochodendraceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Lactoridaceae
''Lactoris fernandeziana'' is a flowering shrub endemic to the cloud forest of ''Masatierra'' — Robinson Crusoe Island, of the Juan Fernández Islands archipelago of Chile. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Lactoris''.
Taxonomy
Th ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia '' Himantandraceae''
*:::::: 5. familia '' Eupomatiaceae''
*:::::: 6. familia ''Anonaceae'' ic,_now:_''Annonaceae''.html" ;"title="Annonaceae.html" ;"title="ic, now: ''Annonaceae">ic, now: ''Annonaceae''">Annonaceae.html" ;"title="ic, now: ''Annonaceae">ic, now: ''Annonaceae''*:::::: 7. familia ''Myristicaceae''
*:::::: 8. familia ''Canellaceae''
*:::::: 9. familia ''Aristolochiaceae''
*::::::10. familia ''Rafflesiaceae''
*::::::11. familia ''Hydnoraceae''
*::::::12. familia ''Calycanthaceae''
*::::::13. familia '' Gomortegaceae''
*::::::14. familia '' Monimiaceae''
*::::::15. familia ''
Lauraceae
Lauraceae, or the laurels, is a plant family that includes the true laurel and its closest relatives. This family comprises about 2850 known species in about 45 genera worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ). They are dicotyledons, and occur m ...
Lardizabalaceae
Lardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system (2003; unchanged from the APG system of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudic ...
''
*::::::19. familia ''
Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae (buttercup or crowfoot family; Latin "little frog", from "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide.
The largest genera are ''Ranunculus'' (600 species), ''Delphinium' ...
''
*::::::20. familia ''
Berberidaceae
The Berberidaceae are a family of 18 genera of flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 700 known species, of which the majority are in ''Berberis''. The species ...
''
*::::::21. familia ''
Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae () is a family of flowering plants, commonly called water lilies. They live as rhizomatous aquatic herbs in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains nine genera with about 70 known species. Water ...
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
Capparidaceae
The Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the caper family, are a family of plants in the order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, the family contains 33 genera and about 700 species. The largest genera are ''Capparis'' (about 1 ...
'' ic,_now_''Capparaceae''.html" ;"title="Capparaceae.html" ;"title="ic, now ''Capparaceae">ic, now ''Capparaceae''">Capparaceae.html" ;"title="ic, now ''Capparaceae">ic, now ''Capparaceae''*:::::: 4. familia ''Cruciferae''
*:::::: 5. familia ''Resedaceae''
*:::::: 6. familia ''Moringaceae''
*:::::20. ordo ''Parietales''
*:::::: 1. familia ''Cistaceae''
*:::::: 2. familia ''Bixaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Cochlospermaceae
The Cochlospermaceae were a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs, first described by Jules Émile Planchon in 1847. They have been included in the Bixaceae from the APG III system onwards. The older APG II system treated th ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia ''
Tamaricaceae
The Tamaricaceae, the tamarisk family, are a family of plants native to drier areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa. It contains four genera: '' Tamarix'' (with 73 species), ''Reaumuria'' (25 species), ''Myricaria'' (13 species), and '' Myrtama'' (a ...
''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Fouquieriaceae
''Fouquieria'' is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo ('' F. splendens'') and the Boojum tree or cirio ('' F. columnaris''). They have semisucculent stems with thin ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia '' Frankeniaceae''
*:::::: 7. familia ''
Elatinaceae
Elatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with ca 35 (to perhaps 50) species in two genera: ''Elatine'' and ''Bergia''. The ''Elatine'' are mostly aquatic herbs, and the ''Bergia'' are subshrubs to shrubs. ''Elatine'' species are widely distri ...
''
*:::::: 8. familia ''
Droseraceae
Droseraceae is a family of carnivorous flowering plants, also known as the sundew family. It consists of approximately 180 species in three extant genera. Representatives of the Droseraceae are found on all continents except Antarctica.
Desc ...
''
*:::::: 9. familia ''
Violaceae
Violaceae is a family of flowering plants established in 1802, consisting of about 1000 species in about 25 genera. It takes its name from the genus ''Viola'', the violets and pansies.
Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed ...
''
*::::::10. familia ''
Flacourtiaceae
The Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various families, mostly to the Achariaceae and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it beca ...
''
*::::::11. familia ''
Stachyuraceae
''Stachyurus'' is the only genus in the flowering plant family Stachyuraceae, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia. They are deciduous shrubs or small trees with pendent racemes of 4-petalled flowers which appear on the bare branches before t ...
''
*::::::12. familia ''
Turneraceae
Turneraceae Kunth ex DC. () is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera. The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales, but it is not currently recognized as a family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny ...
''
*::::::13. familia '' Malesherbiaceae''
*::::::14. familia ''
Passifloraceae
The Passifloraceae are a family of flowering plants, containing about 750 species classified in around 27 genera.
They include trees, shrubs, lianas, and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions. The family takes its name fr ...
''
*::::::15. familia '' Achariaceae''
*::::::16. familia ''
Caricaceae
The Caricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found primarily in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are usually short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small to medium-sized trees growing ...
''
*::::::17. familia '' Loasaceae''
*::::::18. familia ''
Begoniaceae
Begoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with two genera and about 2040 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus ''Begonia''. There have been many recent d ...
Ochnaceae
Ochnaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. (2007). . In the APG III syst ...
Eucryphiaceae
Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere.
The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia ''
Caryocaraceae
Caryocaraceae (syn. Rhizobolaceae DC.) is a small family of flowering plants consisting of two genera with 26 species. The family is native to tropical regions of Central and South America, as well as the West Indies
The West Indies i ...
''
*:::::: 7. familia '' Marcgraviaceae''
*:::::: 8. familia ''
Quiinaceae
Quiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera ('' Froesia'', '' Lacunaria'', '' Quiina'', '' Touroulia''). The APG III system of flowering plant classification does no ...
''
*:::::: 9. familia '' Theaceae''
*::::::10. familia '' Guttiferae''
*::::::11. familia ''
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...
''
*:::::22. ordo '' Rosales''
*:::::: 1. familia '' Crassulaceae''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Saxifragaceae
Saxifragaceae is a family of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, within the core eudicot order Saxifragales. The taxonomy of the family has been greatly revised and the scope much reduced in the era of molecular phylogenetic analysis. The fa ...
Byblidaceae
''Byblis'' ( ) is a small genus of carnivorous plants, sometimes termed the rainbow plants for the attractive appearance of their mucilage-covered leaves in bright sunshine. Native to Australia and New Guinea, it is the only genus in the fam ...
''
*:::::: 8. familia ''
Roridulaceae
''Roridula'' (; from Latin ''roridus'' "dewy") is a genus of evergreen, insect-trapping shrubs, with two species, of about 1⅓–2 m (4–6⅔ ft). It is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. It has thin, woody, shyly branching, upright, in ...
''
*:::::: 9. familia '' Bruniaceae''
*::::::10. familia ''
Podostemonaceae
Podostemaceae (riverweed family), a family in the order Malpighiales, comprise about 50 genera and species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs.
Distribution and habitat
They are found mostly in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. ...
''
*::::::11. familia '' Hydrostachyaceae''
*::::::12. familia ''
Rosaceae
Rosaceae (), the rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants that includes 4,828 known species in 91 genera.
The name is derived from the type genus ''Rosa''. Among the most species-rich genera are '' Alchemilla'' (270), ''Sorb ...
Myrtales
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a sister to the eurosids II clade as of the publishing of the ''Eucalyptus grandis'' genome in June 2014.
The APG III system of classification for angiosperms still places it within the e ...
Thymelaeaceae
The Thymelaeaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera (listed below) and 898 species.Zachary S. Rogers (2009 onwards)A World Checklist of Thymelaeaceae (version 1) Missouri Botanical Garden Website, St. Louis. It ...
''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Elaeagnaceae
The Elaeagnaceae are a plant family, the oleaster family, of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has about 60 species ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia ''
Lythraceae
Lythraceae is a family of flowering plants, including 32 genera, with about 620 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees. The larger genera include ''Cuphea'' (275 spp.), ''Lagerstroemia'' (56), ''Nesaea'' (50), ''Rotala'' (45), and ''Lythrum'' (35). ...
Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae, the myrtle family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All sp ...
Oenotheraceae
The Onagraceae are a family of flowering plants known as the willowherb family or evening primrose family. They include about 650 species of herbs, shrubs, and treesHalorrhagidaceae'' ic:_now_''Haloragaceae''.html" ;"title="Haloragaceae.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Haloragaceae">ic: now ''Haloragaceae''">Haloragaceae.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Haloragaceae">ic: now ''Haloragaceae''*::::::19. familia ''Gunneraceae''
*::::: ''
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''
*:::::: familia '' Hippuridaceae''
*:::::24. ordo ''
Columniferae
''Columniferae'' is a descriptive botanical name. The Wettstein system used this name for an order of flowering plants, with the following circumscription:
* order ''Columniferae''
*: familia ''Malvaceae''
*: familia ''Bombacaceae''
*: familia ' ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familia ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Bombacaceae
Bombacaceae were long recognised as a family of flowering plants or Angiospermae. The family name was based on the type genus ''Bombax''. As is true for many botanical names, circumscription and status of the taxon has varied with taxonomic point ...
''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Tiliaceae
Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical reco ...
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
Linaceae
Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes about 250 species in 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: the Linoideae and Hugonioideae (often recognized as a distinct family, the Hugoniaceae). Leaves ...
Tropaeolaceae
''Tropaeolum'' , commonly known as nasturtium (; literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of annual and perennial herbaceous flowering plants. It was named by Carl Linnaeus in his book ''Species Plantarum' ...
''
*:::::: 7. familia '' Erythroxylaceae''
*:::::: 8. familia ''
Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New Wor ...
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
Rutaceae
The Rutaceae is a family, commonly known as the rueRUTACEAE in BoDD – Botanical Der ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Simarubaceae'' ic:_now_''Simaroubaceae''.html" ;"title="Simaroubaceae.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Simaroubaceae">ic: now ''Simaroubaceae''">Simaroubaceae.html" ;"title="ic: now ''Simaroubaceae">ic: now ''Simaroubaceae''*:::::: 3. familia ''Burseraceae''
*:::::: 4. familia ''Meliaceae''
*:::::: 5. familia ''Tremandraceae''
*:::::: 6. familia ''Polygalaceae''
*:::::: 7. familia ''Xanthophyllaceae''
*:::::: 8. familia ''Trigoniaceae''
*:::::: 9. familia ''
Vochysiaceae
Vochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales.
Description
Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1-(3)-5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules.
Biogeography ...
''
*::::::10. familia ''
Anacardiaceae
The Anacardiaceae, commonly known as the cashew family or sumac family, are a family of flowering plants, including about 83 genera with about 860 known species. Members of the Anacardiaceae bear fruits that are drupes and in some cases produce ...
''
*::::::11. familia ''
Sapindaceae
The Sapindaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales known as the soapberry family. It contains 138 genera and 1858 accepted species. Examples include horse chestnut, maples, ackee and lychee.
The Sapindaceae occur in temp ...
Hippocrateaceae
Hippocrateaceae Juss. previously consisted of about 150 tropical and subtropical species of shrubs and lianes, and is now included in the family Celastraceae. Formerly it comprised the following genera:
* '' Anthodon''
* ''Apodostigma''
* ''Arnic ...
Rhamnaceae
The Rhamnaceae are a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs, and some vines, commonly called the buckthorn family. Rhamnaceae is included in the order Rosales.
The family contains about 55 genera and 950 species. The Rhamnaceae ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Vitaceae''
*:::::29. ordo '' Umbelliflorae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Cornaceae
The Cornaceae are a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. The family contains approximately 85 species in two genera, '' Alangium'' and ''Cornus''. They are mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen, a ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Araliaceae
The Araliaceae are a family of flowering plants composed of about 43 genera and around 1500 species consisting of primarily woody plants and some herbaceous plants. The morphology of Araliaceae varies widely, but it is predominantly distinguis ...
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''
*::::: ordo '' Garryales''
*:::::: familia '' Garryaceae''
*:::: 2. subclassis '' Sympetalae'' p. 754
*::::: 1. ordo ''
Plumbaginales
Plumbaginales is an order of flowering plants. The order is recognized by several systems, such as the Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, the Engler system, in its update of 1964 and the Cronquist system, 1981. Its circumscription is typical ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family.
Most species in this family are perennial herbaceous plants, but a few grow ...
Myrsinaceae
Myrsinoideae is a subfamily of the family Primulaceae in the order Ericales. It was formerly recognized as the family Myrsinaceae, or the myrsine family, consisting of 35 genera and about 1000 species. It is widespread in temperate to tropical ...
''
*::::: 3. ordo '' Bicornes''
*:::::: 1. familia '' Clethraceae''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Pirolaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Ericaceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia ''
Empetraceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Epacridaceae
The Ericaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the heath or heather family, found most commonly in acidic and infertile growing conditions. The family is large, with c.4250 known species spread across 124 genera, making it th ...
Ebenaceae
The Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. The family includes ebony and persimmon among about 768 species of trees and shrubs. It is distributed across the tropical and warmer temperate regions of the world. I ...
Sapotaceae
240px, '' Madhuca longifolia'' var. ''latifolia'' in Narsapur, Medak district, India
The Sapotaceae are a family (biology), family of flowering plants belonging to the order (biology), order Ericales. The family includes about 800 species of ev ...
''
*::::: 5. ordo ''
Tubiflorae
''Tubiflorae'' is a botanical name, meaning “with tubular flowers”. It was used in the Engler system (and derived systems such as the Wettstein system) for:
* an order in the '' Sympetalae''. This order included such families as ''Convolvul ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae (), commonly called the bindweeds or morning glories, is a family of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species. These species are primarily herbaceous vines, but also include trees, shrubs and herbs. The tubers of several spe ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Cuscutaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Polemoniaceae
The Polemoniaceae (Jacob's-ladder or phlox family) are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 25 genera with 270–400 species of annuals and perennials native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diver ...
Boraginaceae
Boraginaceae, the borage or forget-me-not family, includes about 2,000 species of shrubs, trees and herbs in 146, to 156 genera with a worldwide distribution.
The APG IV system from 2016 classifies the Boraginaceae as single family of the ...
''
*:::::: 7. familia '' Nolanaceae''
*:::::: 8. familia ''
Solanaceae
The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and or ...
''
*:::::: 9. familia ''
Scrophulariaceae
The Scrophulariaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the figwort family. The plants are annual and perennial herbs, as well as shrubs. Flowers have bilateral (zygomorphic) or rarely radial (actinomorphic) symmetry. The Scr ...
Gesneriaceae
Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), ...
''
*::::::13. familia ''
Bignoniaceae
Bignoniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales commonly known as the bignonias or trumpetvines.Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Book ...
''
*::::::14. familia '' Pedaliaceae''
*::::::15. familia ''
Martyniaceae
Martyniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Lamiales order that are restricted to the Americas. The family was included in Pedaliaceae in the Cronquist system (under order Scrophulariales) but is recognized as a separate family by the An ...
''
*::::::16. familia ''
Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae is a family (the acanthus family) of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. Only a few species are distributed in tem ...
''
*::::::17. familia ''
Verbenaceae
The Verbenaceae ( ), the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs, and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.
The ...
''
*::::::18. familia ''
Labiatae
The Lamiaceae ( )
or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, s ...
''
*::::::19. familia ''
Tetrachondraceae
Tetrachondraceae is a plant family in the order Lamiales
The order Lamiales (also known as the mint order) are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 23,810 species, 1,059 genera, and is divided i ...
''
*::::::20. familia ''
Globulariaceae
''Globularia'' is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Plantaginaceae, native to central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwest Africa and southwest Asia. They are dense low evergreen mat-forming perennials o ...
''
*::::::21. familia '' Phrymaceae''
*::::::22. familia ''
Myoporaceae
Myoporaceae was a family of plants, found mostly in Australia, which included the following genera:
* '' Diocirea''
* '' Eremophila'', also known as emu bush
* '' Myoporum'', also known as Boobiala
In the APG II system (continued in the APG III ...
incertae sedis
' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...
''
*:::::: familia ''
Columelliaceae
Columelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America.
In the APG II taxonomy it is placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that the family is sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogen ...
Gentianaceae
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 103 genera and about 1600 species.
Etymology
The family takes its name from the genus ''Gentiana'', named after the Illyrian king Gentius.
Distribution
Distribution is cosmopolitan.
Characteristi ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia '' Menyanthaceae''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae (from '' Apocynum'', Greek for "dog-away") is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly known as the dogbane family, because some taxa were used as dog poison Members ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia ''
Asclepiadaceae
The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family.
They form a group of perennial herbs, twi ...
''
*::::: 7. ordo '' Ligustrales''
*:::::: familia ''
Oleaceae
Oleaceae, also known as the olive family, is a taxonomic family of flowering shrubs, trees, and a few lianas in the order Lamiales, It presently comprises 28 genera, one of which is recently extinct.Peter S. Green. 2004. "Oleaceae". pages 296-306 ...
''
*::::: 8. ordo ''
Rubiales
Rubiales was an order of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. The latest APG system (2009) does not recognize this order and places the families within Gentianales
Gentianales is an ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules a ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade of dicotyledonous flowering plants consisting of about 860 species, in 33, to 42 genera, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution. Centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and ...
''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Adoxaceae
Adoxaceae, commonly known as moschatel family, is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, now consisting of five genera and about 150–200 species. They are characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rare ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia ''
Valerianaceae
The Valerianaceae Batsch, the valerian family, was a family of flowering plants that is now considered part of the Caprifoliaceae. Plants are generally herbaceous, and their foliage often has a strong, disagreeable odor. They are found native in ...
''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Dipsacaceae
The Dipsacaceae have been recognized as a family (the teasel family) of the order Dipsacales containing 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. The species are currently placed in the family Caprifoliaceae. Native ...
Cucurbitaceae
The Cucurbitaceae, also called cucurbits or the gourd family, are a plant family consisting of about 965 species in around 95 genera, of which the most important to humans are:
*''Cucurbita'' – squash, pumpkin, zucchini, some gourds
*'' Lagen ...
Compositae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...
''
= Monocotyledones
=
*::: II. classis ''Monocotyledones'' p. 848
*:::::: 1. familia '' Alismataceae''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Butomaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family including 16 known genera with a total of ca 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016), that including a number of species of aquatic plant, for instance the tape-grasses, the well known Canadian ...
Potamogetonaceae
The Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The roughly 110 known species are divided over six genera. The largest genus in the family by far is ''Potamogeton'', w ...
''
*:::::: 7. familia '' Najadaceae''
*::::2. ordo '' Liliiflorae'' p. 862
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Liliaceae
The lily family, Liliaceae, consists of about 15 genera and 610 species of flowering plants within the order Liliales. They are monocotyledonous, perennial, herbaceous, often bulbous geophytes. Plants in this family have evolved with a fair ...
Stemonaceae
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia ...
'' p. 870
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Cyanastraceae
Tecophilaeaceae is a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots. It consists of nine genera with a total of 27 species.
The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG IV system of 2016 (unc ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia '' Pontederiaceae''
*:::::: 5. familia ''
Haemodoraceae
Haemodoraceae is a family of perennial herbaceous flowering plants with 14 genera and 102 known species. It is sometimes known as the "bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and N ...
''
*:::::: 6. familia '' Philydraceae''
*:::::: 7. familia ''
Amaryllidaceae
The Amaryllidaceae are a family of herbaceous, mainly perennial and bulbous (rarely rhizomatous) flowering plants in the monocot order Asparagales. The family takes its name from the genus '' Amaryllis'' and is commonly known as the amaryllis f ...
'' p. 871
*::::::: subfamilia A. Amaryllidoideae p. 874
*::::::: subfamilia B. Agavoideae
*::::::: subfamilia C. Hypoxidoideae
*:::::: 8. familia '' Velloziaceae''
*:::::: 9. familia ''
Iridaceae
Iridaceae is a family of plants in order Asparagales, taking its name from the irises, meaning rainbow, referring to its many colours. There are 66 accepted genera with a total of c. 2244 species worldwide (Christenhusz & Byng 2016). It inclu ...
''
*::::::10. familia ''
Juncaceae
Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...
''
*::::::11. familia ''
Flagellariaceae
''Flagellaria'' is the sole genus in the flowering plant family Flagellariaceae with only five species.Wepfer, P. H., & Linder, H. P. (2014). The taxonomy of Flagellaria (Flagellariaceae). Australian Systematic Botany, 27(3), 159-179. https://dx. ...
''
*::::::12. familia ''
Rapateaceae
The Rapateaceae are a family of flowering plants. The botanical name has been recognized by most taxonomists.
The APG II system of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots. T ...
''
*::::::13. familia '' Thurniaceae''
*::::::14. familia ''
Bromeliaceae
The Bromeliaceae (the bromeliads) are a family of monocot flowering plants of about 80 genera and 3700 known species, native mainly to the tropical Americas, with several species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, ...
Xyridaceae
The Xyridaceae are a family of flowering plants. This family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the yellow-eyed grass family.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system of 1998), also recognizes this family, ...
Cyperales
The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales.
Descript ...
'' p. 888
*:::::: familia ''
Cyperaceae
The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...
''
*::::5. ordo ''
Glumiflorae
{{Short description, Group of flowering plants
''Glumiflorae'' (gluma = husk + florae = flowers) is a descriptive botanical name. It was used in the Wettstein system for an order of flowering plants. The order consisted of one family only:
* ord ...
'' p. 891
*:::::: familia '' Gramineae''
*::::6. ordo '' Scitamineae'' p. 902
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Musaceae
Musaceae is a family of flowering plants composed of three genera with about 91 known species, placed in the order Zingiberales. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Zingiberaceae
Zingiberaceae () or the ginger family is a family of flowering plants made up of about 50 genera with a total of about 1600 known species of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes distributed throughout tropical Af ...
'' p. 904
*:::::: 3. familia '' Cannaceae''
*:::::: 4. familia ''
Marantaceae
The Marantaceae are a family, the arrowroot family, of flowering plants consisting of 31 genera and around 530 species, defining it as one of the most species-rich families in its order.Kennedy, H. (2000). “Diversification in pollination mech ...
'' p. 906
*::::7 ordo ''
Gynandrae
{{Unreferenced, date=December 2009
''Gynandrae'' is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Wettstein system for the order containing the orchids and is a descriptive name referring to the stamens. The Bentham & H ...
'' p. 907
*:::::: familia ''
Orchidaceae
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowerin ...
''
*::::8. ordo '' Spadiciflorae''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Palmae
The Arecaceae is a family of perennial flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales. Their growth form can be climbers, shrubs, tree-like and stemless plants, all commonly known as palms. Those having a tree-like form are called palm tr ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia '' Cyclanthaceae''
*:::::: 3. familia ''
Araceae
The Araceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe (or leaf-like bract). A ...
''
*:::::: 4. familia ''
Lemnaceae
Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. They float on or just beneath the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of fresh water and wetlands. Also known as bayroot, they arose fr ...
''
*::::9. ordo ''
Pandanales
Pandanales, the pandans or screw-pines, is an order of flowering plants placed in the monocot clade in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group and Angiosperm Phylogeny Web systems. Within the monocots Pandanales are grouped in the lilioid monocots where ...
''
*:::::: 1. familia ''
Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, ''Pandanus'', is the most important ...
''
*:::::: 2. familia ''
Sparganiaceae
Sparganiaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists.
The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the c ...