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Amaranthaceae
Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making it the most species-rich lineage within its parent order, Caryophyllales. Description Vegetative characters Most species in the Amaranthaceae are annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; others are shrubs; very few species are vines or trees. Some species are succulent. Many species have stems with thickened nodes. The wood of the perennial stem has a typical "anomalous" secondary growth; only in subfamily Polycnemoideae is secondary growth normal. The leaves are simple and mostly alternate, sometimes opposite. They never possess stipules. They are flat or terete, and their shape is extremely variable, with entire or toothed margins. In some species, the leaves are reduced to minute scales. In most cases, neither basal nor terminal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polycnemoideae
The Polycnemoideae are a small subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae, representing a basal evolutionary lineage. The few relictual species are distributed in Eurasia and North Africa, North America, and Australia. Description The subfamily Polycnemoideae comprises small herbs; some species are weakly lignified and grow shrublike. The subfamily is distinguishable from all other members of Amaranthaceae by normal secondary growth. The alternate or opposite leaves are often linear or subulate. The stomata of the leaves are arranged in parallel to the midveins. The bisexual flowers are sitting solitary in the axil of a bract and two bracteoles. The inconspicuous perianth is formed of chartaceous, scarious, white or pinkish tepals. One to five stamens are present with their filaments united in a short but distinct filament tube (like in subfamily Amaranthoideae). Anthers are with only one lobe and two pollen sacs (bilocular, like in subfamily Gomphrenoideae). In fruit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranthus
''Amaranthus'' is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants collectively known as amaranths. Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, pseudocereals, and ornamental plants. Catkin-like cymes of densely packed flowers grow in summer or autumn. Amaranth varies in flower, leaf, and stem color with a range of striking pigments from the spectrum of maroon to crimson and can grow longitudinally from tall with a cylindrical, succulent, fibrous stem that is hollow with grooves and bracteoles when mature. There are approximately 75 species in the genus, 10 of which are dioecious and native to North America with the remaining 65 monoecious species endemic to every continent (except Antarctica) from tropical lowlands to the Himalayas. Members of this genus share many characteristics and uses with members of the closely related genus '' Celosia''. Amaranth grain is collected from the genus. The leaves of some species are also eaten. Description A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betoideae
The Betoideae are a small subfamily of the flowering plant amaranth family, Amaranthaceae ''sensu lato'' (or in Chenopodiaceae ''sensu stricto''). Commonly known members include beet, sugar beet, chard, and mangelwurzel, which all are cultivars of ''Beta vulgaris''. Description The species of Betoideae are annuals, biennial or perennial herbs, vines ''(Hablitzia)'' or subshrubs. The flowers have 5 tepals ('' Aphanisma'' only 3) and 5 stamens ''( Aphanisma'' only one). The fruits of Betoideae are capsules that open with a circumscissile lid. In tribe Beteae, the perianth is basally indurated in fruit, and the stamens a basally inserted to a thickened bulge surrounding the visible part of the ovary. In tribe Hablitzieae, the tepals are not modified in fruit and membranous, and the stamens are basally united in a membranous ring. Distribution and habitat Most genera are distributed in Western and Southern Europe, in the Mediterranean and Southwest Asia, but one disjunct genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales ( ) is a diverse and heterogeneous order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, beets, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves. The betalain pigments are unique in plants of this order and occur in all its families with the exception of Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae. Description The members of Caryophyllales include about 6% of eudicot species. This order is part of the core eudicots. Currently, the Caryophyllales contains 37 families, 749 genera, and 11,620 species The monophyly of the Caryophyllales has been supported by DNA sequences, cytochrome c sequence data and heritable characters such as anther wall development and vessel-elements with simple perforations. Circumscription As with all taxa, the circumscription of Caryophyllales has changed within various classification systems. All systems recognize a core of families with centrospermous ovules and seeds. Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salicornioideae
The Salicornioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae (''sensu lato'', including the Chenopodiaceae). Important characters are succulent, often articulated stems, strongly reduced leaves, and flowers aggregated in thick, dense spike-shaped thyrses. These halophytic plants are distributed worldwide. Many are edible (see Samphire) Description The Salicornioideae are annual or perennial herbs, subshrubs, or low shrubs. Their stems are glabrous and often apparently jointed. The alternate or opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, often basally connate and stem-clasping (thus forming the joints), with missing or short free leaf blades. The spike-shaped inflorescences consist of alternate or opposite bracts, these are often connate and stem-clasping, sometimes free. In the axil of each bract, there are one to five (rarely to twelve) flowers, free or sometimes fused to each other, to the bract, and to the inflorescence axis. The flowers are usually bisexu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphrenoideae
The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with only one lobe (locule) and two pollen sacs. Many species show C4-photosynthesis pathway. The center of diversity lies in Central America, Mexico and the dry forests and thorn bush savannas of South America. Systematics The subfamily Gomphrenoideae was first published in 1893 by Hans Schinz (in: Engler und Prantl (Eds.): ''Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'' vol. 3, 1a, p. 97). According to phylogenetic research by Sanchez Del-Pino (2009), the subfamily Gomphrenoideae Schinz is regarded as a monophyletic taxon with 19 genera and about 300-400 species. The traditional classification with two tribes (Gomphreneae and Pseudoplantageae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship in this group. Three clades can be recognized.: Iresinoids * '' Irenella'' Suess., with only one species: ** ''Irenella chrysotricha'' Suess., in rain forests of Ecuador. Phylogenetically, it falls within ''Ire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrophila Occidentalis 7
''Nitrophila'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the amaranth family sometimes known by the common name niterworts. The genus name is Greek for "soda-loving", as the plant grows in alkaline or salty soils, such as those rich in borax. These are rhizomatous perennials with fleshy foliage that helps them conserve water in environments high in mineral salts. The compact, papery flowers grow in the axils of the plant where the leaves join the branches. The fruit is a utricle which contains shiny black seeds. ''Nitrophila'' species are found in temperate regions of the Americas. Selected species: *''Nitrophila mohavensis'' - Amargosa niterwort *''Nitrophila occidentalis ''Nitrophila occidentalis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae known by the common name boraxweed and sometimes western niterwort. It is native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where it can be found in ha ...'' - boraxweed External links Jepson Manual Treatment [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halothamnus Pollen 1
''Halothamnus'' is a genus in the subfamily Salsoloideae of the family Amaranthaceae (s.l., now including Chenopodiaceae). The scientific name means saltbush, from the Greek ἅλς (''hals'') "salt" and θαμνος (''thamnos'') "bush". This refers either to salty habitats or to the accumulation of salt in the plants. The genus is distributed from Southwest and Central Asia to the Arabian peninsula and East Africa. Description Most species of ''Halothamnus'' are small shrubs or sub-shrubs, two species are annuals. The alternate leaves are sitting without basal narrowing at the branches. They are simple, entire, half-terete or flat and slightly fleshy (succulent). The bisexual inconspicuous flowers are sitting solitary in the axil of a green bract and two green bracteoles. The five free tepals are green with membranous margins above a transverse line and colourless below. Five stamens arise from a cup-like structure (hypogynous disc) at the base of the flower. One ovary is fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaranthoideae
The Amaranthoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with two lobes (locules) and four pollen sacs. The main distribution of the subfamily is in tropical Americas, America, in Tropical Africa, tropical and Southern Africa, and in Australia. The genera ''Amaranthus'' (the amaranths) and ''Celosia'' (the cockscombs) contain many ornamental species, as well as species whose seeds are used as pseudocereals and leaves as leaf vegetables. Systematics The subfamily Amaranthoideae comprises about 57 genera with about 330 species. Phylogenetical research revealed that the subfamily is polyphyletic and its traditional classification (tribe Amarantheae Rchb. with two subtribes Amaranthinae und Aervinae) does not reflect the phylogenetic relationship. Therefore, a new taxonomical grouping is required. Müller & Borsch (2005) recognized several clades: *basal group: ** ''Bosea (plant), Bosea'' L., on Macaronesian Islands, and in Cyprus and western Himalay ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corispermoideae
The Corispermoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae. Description The species of the subfamily Corispermoideae are all annual plants. Leaves are mostly alternate, sessile or petiole-like attenuate, laminate, scleromorphic. Typical are branched (dendritic) trichomes (except in ''Anthochlamys'') on young plant parts. The flowers are arranged in simple, compact (sometimes globular) partial inflorescences, or in spikes. Bracteoles are missing. The perianth consists of 1-5 white, membranaceous tepals (missing in some ''Corispermum'' species) without vascular bundles, not persistent. The pollen grains of ''Agriophyllum'' and ''Corispermum'' are of the "Chenopodium type", of ''Anthochlamys'' of the "Anthochlamys type". The fruits possess supporting tissue consisting of macrosclereids. The seeds have a vertical embryo and copious perisperm.Alexander P. Sukhorukov: ''Fruit anatomy and its taxonomic significance in Corispermum (Corispermoideae, Che ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suaedoideae
The Suaedoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae (now including the former family Chenopodiaceae). Description The Suaedoideae have well-developed leaves. Except for genus ''Bienertia'', the leaves show a central and many lateral vascular bundles. The leaves are neither decurrent nor amplexicaul. The inflorescences are axillary cymes. The flowers are sitting free in the axils of bracts, with lateral bracteoles. The perianth consists of 5 tepals, which are more or less fused basally. 5 stamens are present. The seed encloses a spiral embryo, mostly without any perisperm. Distribution The Suaedoideae have a nearly worldwide distribution. They are important members of the vegetation of shores and salty inland habitats. They are especially common in dry (arid) regions. Photosynthesis pathway Among the species of Suaedoideae, there are nearly equal numbers of C3-plants and C4-plants. During the evolution of the subfamily, the C4-photosynthesis pathway see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camphorosmoideae
Camphorosmeae is a species-rich tribe of the Amaranthaceae, formerly Chenopodiaceae, with 20 genera and about 179 species. It is classified as a single tribe of subfamily Camphorosmoideae. Description The Camphorosmeae are mostly dwarf shrubs or annuals (rarely perennial herbs) with spreading or ascending branches. The plants are more or less densely covered with appressed or spreading hairs. The alternate leaves are often succulent, only a few annual species have thin and flat leaves. The inconspicuous flowers sit solitary or in axillary clusters of 2–3 (5) in the axil of a subtending bract. They differ from the related subfamily Salsoloideae by the absence of bracteoles. The flowers are mostly bisexual. The perianth consists of (3–) 5 membranous or scarious tepals, which are often fused for about 1/5 to 4/5 of their length. 4–5 stamens are basally fused in a hypogynous disc. They have mostly exserted anthers without appendages. The pollen grains differ from Salsoloide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
