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Compositae
The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae were first described in the year 1740. The number of species in Asteraceae is rivaled only by the Orchidaceae, and which is the larger family is unclear as the quantity of extant species in each family is unknown. Most species of Asteraceae are annual, biennial, or perennial herbaceous plants, but there are also shrubs, vines, and trees. The family has a widespread distribution, from subpolar to tropical regions in a wide variety of habitats. Most occur in hot desert and cold or hot semi-desert climates, and they are found on every continent but Antarctica. The primary common characteristic is the existence of sometimes hundreds of tiny individual florets which are held together by protective involucres in flower heads, or more technically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicki Ann Funk
Vicki Ann Funk (November 26, 1947 – October 22, 2019) was an American botanist and curator at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, known for her work on members of the composite family (Asteraceae) including collecting plants in many parts of the world, as well as her synthetic work on phylogenetics and biogeography. Biography Funk was born on November 26, 1947, in Owensboro, Kentucky, to Edwin Joseph and Betty Ann (''née'' Massenburg) Funk. She had two brothers, Edwin Jr. and Jared Kirk. She grew up in Owensboro and at a few United States Air Force bases before she was in elementary school. Funk studied biology and history at Murray State University in Kentucky and received a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree in 1969. She had wanted to attend medical school, but decided against it after volunteering at a hospital one summer. After graduating, she lived and worked part-time in Germany for two years, then returned to the United States to teach high school for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cichorioideae
The Cichorioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae of flowering plants. Familiar members of Cichorioideae include lettuce, dandelions, chicory and '' Gazania'' species. The subfamily comprises about 240 genera and about 2900 species. It is heterogeneous and hard to characterize except with molecular characters. Taxonomy The subfamily as understood in 1998 turned out to be paraphyletic, based on studies of DNA sequences, so a number of tribes were moved to new subfamilies. Names for the new subfamilies were published in 2002. In 2004, 2007, and 2008, molecular phylogenetic studies further clarified relationships within Cichorioideae.Sterling C. Keeley, Zac H. Forsman, and Raymund Chan. 2007. "A phylogeny of the "evil tribe" (Vernonieae: Compositae) reveals Old/New World long distance dispersal: Support from separate and combined congruent datasets (''trn''L-F, ''ndh''F, ITS)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 44(1):89-103.Jose L. Panero and Vicki A. Funk. 2008. " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corymbioideae
''Corymbium'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Asteraceae, daisy family comprising nine species. It is the only genus in the subfamily Corymbioideae and the tribe Corymbieae. The species have leaves with parallel veins, strongly reminiscent of monocots, in a rosette and compounded inflorescences may be compact or loosely composed racemes, panicles or corymbs. Remarkable for species in the daisy family, each flower head contains just one, bisexual, mauve, pink or white disc floret within a sheath consisting of just two large involucral bracts. The species are all endemism, endemic to the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, where they are known as plampers. Description The species of ''Corymbium'' are monoecious, Glossary of botanical terms#acaulescent, stemless, Perennial plant, perennial, herbaceous plants of high, that grow in tufts and look like a monocotyledon as long as they are not flowering. The plants have a fibrous rhizome that is covered the persisting bases o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gochnatioideae
The Gochnatioideae are a subfamily of the aster family, Asteraceae. It contains the single tribe GochnatieaePanero, J. L. and V. A. Funk. (2008)The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: major clades of the Asteraceae revealed.''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 47(2), 757-82. of six genera,Tellería, M. C., et al. (2013)Pollen morphology and its taxonomic significance in the tribe Gochnatieae (Compositae, Gochnatioideae).''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' 299(5), 935-48.Moreira-Muñoz, A. and M. Muñoz-Schick. (2007)Classification, diversity, and distribution of Chilean Asteraceae: implications for biogeography and conservation. ''Diversity and Distributions'' 13(6), 818-28. with a total of about 80 to 90 species. They are native to the Americas from the southern United States to Argentina, including the Caribbean, and Cuba in particular.Funk, V. A., et alClassification of Compositae. In: Funk, V. A., et al (eds.) ''Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hecastocleidoideae
''Hecastocleis'' is a genus of low thorny shrubs with stiff branches, assigned to the daisy family. At the tip of each of the branches, inflorescences are subtended by oval, thorny, whitish to greenish bracts that enclose several flower heads which each contain only one pinkish bud, opening into a white corolla. It contains but one species, ''Hecastocleis shockleyi'', the only representative of the tribe Hecastocleideae, and of the subfamily Hecastocleidoideae. Its vernacular name is prickleleaf. It is confined to the southwestern United States. and Description ''Hecastocleis shockleyi'' is a xerophytic thorny shrub of , occasionally 1½ m (4 ft 11 in) high. It has sixteen chromosomes (2n=16). Leaves The leaves are alternately set along the branches. The leaf blades are hairless or with a few soft hairs, slightly olive green, stiff and leathery, with three main veins, linear to narrowly ovate in shape, long, their base approximately clasping the branch, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutisioideae
The Mutisioideae are a subfamily in the plant family Asteraceae that includes about 630 species assigned to 44 different genera. This subfamily is mainly native in South America, except for '' Adenocaulon'', '' Chaptalia'', '' Gerbera'', ''Trichocline'', which have species in all continents other than Europe and Antarctica. Common characters are the deeply incised corollas of the disc florets, with five lobes, sometimes merged in two lips, flower heads with overlapping involucral bracts, anthers with tails and pointy tips, the styles usually stick far out of the florets and are essentially hairless. Most species are herbs, but some are vines, shrubs, or small trees. Taxonomy The subfamily Mutisioideae consists of three tribes: - The Tree of Life Web Project ;Tribe |
Stifftioideae
The Stifftioideae are a subfamily of the family Asteraceae family of flowering plants. It comprises a single tribe, Stifftieae, of ten genera. These plants are vines, shrubs or small trees with thin to leathery, hairless of felty haired leaves with leaf stalks and entire margins, set alternately or rarely oppositely along the branches. The flower heads are at the tip of the branches or rarely in the axils of the leaves, on their own or in open to tightly packed cymes. The involucre may be narrowly cylindrical to half globular, and consists of at least three whorls of overlapping and gradually changing bracts. The common base of the florets (or receptacle) does not carry a bract (or palea) subtending each floret. The florets are all bisexual and may have either a ligulate corolla, a disk corolla, or a bilabiate corolla (three lobes merged to a strap with teeth at the tip and two lobes free much further down), and the lobes may be strongly coiled. The corolla can be yellow, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Dietrich Giseke
Paul Dietrich Giseke (8 December 1741 Hamburg, Germany – 26 April 1796), was a German botanist, physician, teacher and librarian. Giseke was the son of a Hamburg merchant. He started his studies at the Academic Gymnasium in Hamburg. He joined the University of Göttingen in 1764 and graduated in medicine in 1767. He then went on an extended trip through France and Sweden and met Linnaeus, becoming his student and a lifelong friend - Linnaeus named the genus ''Gisekia'', now in family Gisekiaceae, after him. Giseke made notes of Linnaeus' lectures and published them in 1792 as ''Praelectiones in Ordines Naturales Plantarum''. The book included an illustration "Tabula genealogico-geographica affinitatum plantarum secundum ordines naturales Linnaei" which showed the affinities of the families in a form similar to a geographical map. It included circles for families with the size indicating the number of genera contained. Back from his travels, he settled in Hamburg and started practi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barnadesioideae
Barnadesioideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. It comprises a single tribe, the Barnadesieae. The subfamily is endemic to South America. Molecular evidence suggests it is a basal clade within the family,Timme, R. E., et al. (2007)A comparative analysis of the ''Lactuca'' and ''Helianthus'' (Asteraceae) plastid genomes: identification of divergent regions and categorization of shared repeats.''American Journal of Botany'' 94(3) 302–12. and it is monophyletic. The subfamily includes species of annual and perennial herbs, shrubs, and trees up to 30 meters tall. Most are likely pollinated by hummingbird Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the Family (biology), biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genus, genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are ...s. Phylogeny Genetic analysis has included increasing numbers of taxa and involved a growing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carduoideae
Carduoideae is the thistle subfamily of the Asteraceae, or sunflower family, of flowering plants. It comprises a number of tribes in various circumscriptions of the family, in addition to the Cynareae. Takhtajan, according to Reveal, includes 10 tribes in addition to the Cynareae: the Arctotideae, the Barnadesieae, the Carlineae, the Cichorieae, the Echinopseae, the Eremothamneae, the Gundelieae, the Liabeae, the Mutisieae, and the Vernonieae. Of these 11, Thorne agrees with seven in his eight-tribe taxonomy of the Carduoideae, placing the tribes Cardueae (Cynareae), plus Arctotideae, Cichorieae, Eremothamneae, Liabeae, Mutisieae, and Vernonieaes in the subfamily, plus the Tarchonantheae. The Panero and Funk classification of 2002 (a molecular phylogenetic classification based upon chloroplast genes) places just three tribes in the subfamily: the Cynareae, plus the Dicomeae (created by Panero and Funk's paper, consisting of ''Dicoma'', '' Erythrocephalum'', ''Gladiop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnarrhenoideae
Gymnarrhenoideae is a subfamily with in the family Asteraceae, with only one tribe, the Gymnarrheneae. Two very different species have been assigned to it, ''Gymnarrhena micrantha'', a winter annual from the deserts of North-Africa and the Middle-East, and ''Cavea tanguensis ''Cavea'' is a low perennial herbaceous plant that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. ''Cavea tanguensis'' is currently the only species assigned to this genus. It has a basal rosette of entire, slightly leathery leaves, and stems of 5–25& ...'', a perennial herb that grows on scree near streams and glaciers in the Eastern Himalayas. These species have very little in common, other than having two types of flower heads and sharing a tendency towards dioecism. Both also have basal leaf rosettes, stretched leaves, with few spaced teeth on the margin, and both lack spines and latex. Taxonomy The subfamily Gymnarrhenoideae and tribe Gymnarrheneae were erected in 2009 by Jose Panero and Vicki Funk to ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (; October 22, 1783September 18, 1840) was a French 19th-century polymath born near Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and self-educated in France. He traveled as a young man in the United States, ultimately settling in Ohio in 1815, where he made notable contributions to botany, zoology, and the study of prehistoric earthworks in North America. He also contributed to the study of ancient Mesoamerican linguistics, in addition to work he had already completed in Europe. Rafinesque was an eccentric and erratic genius. He was an autodidact, who excelled in various fields of knowledge, as a zoologist, botanist, writer and polyglot. He wrote prolifically on such diverse topics as anthropology, biology, geology, and linguistics, but was honored in none of these fields during his lifetime. Indeed, he was an outcast in the American scientific community whose submissions were rejected automatically by leading journals. Among his theories were th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
