Reformist Area (''Area Riformista'', AR) was a

social-democratic Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote s ...

and

democratic-socialist Democratic socialism is a left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self-management within a ...

association, which used to be a faction within the

Democratic Party Democratic Party most often refers to: *Democratic Party (United States) Democratic Party and similar terms may also refer to: Active parties Africa *Botswana Democratic Party *Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea *Gabonese Democratic Party *Demo ...

(PD), a

political party in Italy This article contains a list of political parties in Italy since Italian unification in 1861. Throughout history, numerous political parties have been operating in Italy, and since World War II no party has ever gained enough support to govern ...

, before joining Article One. It was founded in April 2014 by a substantial number of supporters of

Gianni Cuperlo Giovanni "Gianni" Cuperlo () is an Italian politician, a member of the Italian Chamber of Deputies and former President of the Democratic Party. Biography Early years Gianni Cuperlo was born 3 September 1961 in Trieste.Marco Valeri"Gianni C ...

in the 2013 leadership election, in which Cuperlo was defeated by

Matteo Renzi Matteo Renzi (; born 11 January 1975) is an Italian politician who served as prime minister of Italy from 2014 to 2016. He has been a senator for Florence since 2018. Renzi has served as the leader of Italia Viva (IV) since 2019, having b ...

. AR, which was mostly composed of '' Bersaniani'', '' Dalemiani'' and ''

Lettiani Lettiani referred to the followers of Enrico Letta, former Prime Minister of Italy and a leading member of the Democratic Party, a political party in Italy. The followers of Letta are generally centrists proposing an alliance with the Union of ...

'', found its leader in

Roberto Speranza Roberto Speranza (born 4 January 1979) is an Italian politician of the Chamber of Deputies who served as national secretary of Article One. From 5 September 2019 until 22 October 2022, he has been serving as Minister of Health in the government ...

, the party's floor leader in the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon ...

. In April 2015 Speranza, who dissented from Renzi on electoral reform, resigned from his post. This move weakened his leadership over the so-called "dialoguing left" (with Renzi) and ultimately broke the faction's unity and ranks. 70 MPs of AF, including

Cesare Damiano Cesare Damiano (born 15 June 1948 in Cuneo) is an Italian politician, member of the Democratic Party. A former leading member of the CGIL trade union, Damiano has been a part of the Democrats of the Left national secretaryship since 2001. He is ...

, Matteo Mauri,

Enzo Amendola Vincenzo "Enzo" Amendola (born 22 December 1973) is an Italian politician of the Democratic Party (PD). On 5 September 2019, Amendola was appointed Minister of European Affairs in the Conte II Cabinet. Early life and career Amendola was born ...

Paola De Micheli Paola De Micheli (born 1 September 1973) is an Italian manager and politician of the Democratic Party (Italy), Democratic Party (PD), who served as Italian Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, Minister of Infrastructure and Transport in the ...

and Luciano Pizzetti, joined forces with Maurizio Martina, minister of Agricolture and leading member of the Remake Italy faction, and formed Left is Change, while what remained of AF, under the leadership of Speanza and

Pier Luigi Bersani Pier Luigi Bersani (; born 29 September 1951) is an Italian politician and was Secretary of the Democratic Party (PD), Italy's leading centre-left party, from 2009 to 2013. Bersani was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Craftmanship from 1996 t ...

, started a rapprochement with Cuperlo's LeftDem. In February 2017, after months of bickering with Renzi, AR left the PD and launched the DP, along with Enrico Rossi's Democratic Socialists and Arturo Scotto's splinters from the

Italian Left Italian Left ( it, Sinistra Italiana, SI) is a left-wing political party in Italy. SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies (full name: Italian Left – Left Ecology Freedom), including Left Ecology F ...

, a left-wing party.

References

External links

Official website
{{Democratic Party factions Democratic Party (Italy) factions