July 12

Events

Pre-1600

* 70 – The armies of Titus attack the walls of Jerusalem after a six-month siege. Three days later they breach the walls, which enables the army to destroy the Second Temple.
* 927 – King Constantine II of Scotland, King Hywel Dda of Deheubarth, Ealdred of Bamburgh and King Owain of the Cumbrians accepted the overlordship of King Æthelstan of England, leading to seven years of peace in the north.
*1191 – Third Crusade: Saladin's garrison surrenders to Philip Augustus, ending the two-year siege of Acre.
*1470 – The Ottomans capture Euboea.
*1488 – Joseon Dynasty official Choe Bu returned to Korea after months of shipwrecked travel in China.
*1493 – Hartmann Schedel's '' Nuremberg Chronicle'', one of the best-documented early printed books, is published.
*1527 – Lê Cung Hoàng ceded the throne to Mạc Đăng Dung, ending the Lê dynasty and starting the Mạc dynasty.
*1543 – King Henry VIII of England marries his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr, at Hampton Court Palace.
*1562 – Fray Diego de Landa, acting Bishop of Yucatán, burns the sacred idols and books of the Maya.
*1576 – Mughal Empire annexes Bengal after defeating the Bengal Sultanate at the Battle of Rajmahal.
* 1580 – The Ostrog Bible, one of the early printed Bibles in a Slavic language, is published.

1601–1900

* 1691 – Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar): The decisive victory of William III of England's forces in Ireland.
*1776 – Captain James Cook begins his third voyage.
*1789 – In response to the dismissal of the French finance minister Jacques Necker, the radical journalist Camille Desmoulins gives a speech which results in the storming of the Bastille two days later.
* 1790 – The Civil Constitution of the Clergy is passed in France by the National Constituent Assembly.
*1799 – Ranjit Singh conquers Lahore and becomes Maharaja of the Punjab (Sikh Empire).
*1801 – British ships inflict heavy damage on Spanish and French ships in the Second Battle of Algeciras.
* 1806 – At the insistence of Napoleon, Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg and thirteen minor principalities leave the Holy Roman Empire and form the Confederation of the Rhine.
* 1812 – The American Army of the Northwest briefly occupies the Upper Canadian settlement at what is now at Windsor, Ontario.
* 1862 – The Medal of Honor is authorized by the United States Congress.

1901–present

*1913 – Serbian forces begin their siege of the Bulgarian city of Vidin; the siege is later called off when the war ends.
* 1913 – The Second Revolution breaks out against the Beiyang government, as Li Liejun proclaims Jiangxi independent from the Republic of China.
*1917 – The Bisbee Deportation occurs as vigilantes kidnap and deport nearly 1,300 striking miners and others from Bisbee, Arizona.
* 1918 – The Imperial Japanese Navy battleship '' Kawachi'' blows up at Shunan, western Honshu, Japan, killing at least 621.
* 1920 – The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty is signed, by which Soviet Russia recognizes the independence of Lithuania.
*1943 – German and Soviet forces engage in the Battle of Prokhorovka, one of the largest armored engagements of all time.
* 1948 – Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion orders the expulsion of Palestinians from the towns of Lod and Ramla.
* 1960 – Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
*1961 – Indian city Pune floods due to failure of the Khadakwasla and Panshet dams, killing at least two thousand people.
* 1961 – ČSA Flight 511 crashes at Casablanca–Anfa Airport in Morocco, killing 72.
*1962 – The Rolling Stones perform for the first time at London's Marquee Club.
*1963 – Pauline Reade, 16, disappears in Gorton, England, the first victim in the Moors murders.
*1967 – Riots begin in Newark, New Jersey