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Gugyeol
Gugyeol, or kwukyel, is a system for rendering texts written in Classical Chinese into understandable Korean. It was used chiefly during the Joseon dynasty, when readings of the Chinese classics were of paramount social importance. Thus, in ''gugyeol'', the original text in Classical Chinese was not modified, and the additional markers were simply inserted between phrases. The parts of the Chinese sentence would then be read in Korean out of sequence to approximate Korean ( SOV) rather than Chinese ( SVO) word order. A similar system for reading Classical Chinese is still used in Japan and is known as '' kanbun kundoku''. Gugyeol is derived from the cursive and simplified style of Chinese characters. Etymology The term ''gugyeol'' ( Hanja: 口訣) can be rendered as "phrase parting" and may refer to the separation of one Chinese phrase from another. This name is itself believed to originate from the use of hanja characters to represent the Middle Korean phrase ''ipgyeot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
口訣
Gugyeol, or kwukyel, is a system for rendering texts written in Classical Chinese into understandable Korean language, Korean. It was used chiefly during the Joseon dynasty, when readings of the Chinese classics were of paramount social importance. Thus, in ''gugyeol'', the original text in Classical Chinese was not modified, and the additional markers were simply inserted between phrases. The parts of the Chinese sentence would then be read in Korean out of sequence to approximate Korean (Subject–object–verb word order, SOV) rather than Chinese (Subject–verb–object word order, SVO) word order. A similar system for reading Classical Chinese is still used in Japan and is known as ''kanbun kundoku''. Gugyeol is derived from the cursive script (East Asia), cursive and Yakja, simplified style of Chinese characters. Etymology The term ''gugyeol'' (Hanja: 口訣) can be rendered as "phrase parting" and may refer to the separation of one Chinese phrase from another. This nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanja
Hanja (; ), alternatively spelled Hancha, are Chinese characters used to write the Korean language. After characters were introduced to Korea to write Literary Chinese, they were adapted to write Korean as early as the Gojoseon period. () refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, which can be written with Hanja, and () refers to Classical Chinese writing, although ''Hanja'' is also sometimes used to encompass both concepts. Because Hanja characters have never undergone any major reforms, they more closely resemble traditional Chinese and kyūjitai, traditional Japanese characters, although the stroke orders for certain characters are slightly different. Such examples are the characters and , as well as and . Only a small number of Hanja characters were modified or are unique to Korean, with the rest being identical to the traditional Chinese characters. By contrast, many of the Chinese characters currently in use in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore have been simplified Chin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Korean
Middle Korean is the period in the history of the Korean language succeeding Old Korean and yielding in 1600 to the Modern period. The boundary between the Old and Middle periods is traditionally identified with the establishment of Goryeo in 918, but some scholars have argued for the time of the Mongol invasions of Korea (mid-13th century). Middle Korean is often divided into Early and Late periods corresponding to Goryeo (until 1392) and Joseon respectively. It is difficult to extract linguistic information from texts of the Early period, which are written with Chinese characters (called Hanja in Korean). The situation was transformed in 1446 by the introduction of the Hangul alphabet, so that Late Middle Korean provides the pivotal data for the history of Korean. Sources Until the late 19th century, most formal writing in Korea, including government documents, scholarship and much literature, was written in Classical Chinese. Before the 15th century, the little writing in Ko ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Language
Korean is the first language, native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Koreans, Korean descent. It is the national language of both South Korea and North Korea. In the south, the language is known as () and in the north, it is known as (). Since the turn of the 21st century, aspects of Korean Wave, Korean popular culture have spread around the world through globalization and Korean Wave, cultural exports. Beyond Korea, the language is recognized as a minority language in parts of China, namely Jilin, and specifically Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Yanbian Prefecture, and Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Changbai County. It is also spoken by Sakhalin Koreans in parts of Sakhalin, the Russian island just north of Japan, and by the in parts of Central Asia. The language has a few Extinct language, extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family. Even so, Jejuan and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idu Script
Idu () was a writing system developed during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea (57 BC-668 AD) to write the Korean language using Chinese characters ("hanja"). It used Hanja to represent both native Korean words and grammatical morphemes as well as Chinese loanwords. The script, which was developed by Buddhist monks, made it possible to record Korean words through their equivalent meaning or sound in Chinese. It was used primarily to write official documents and the imperial examinations from 958 AD-1894 AD. The term ''idu'' may refer to various systems of representing Korean phonology through hanja, which were used from the early Three Kingdoms to Joseon periods. In this sense, it includes '' hyangchal'', the local writing system used to write vernacular poetry and ''gugyeol'' writing. Its narrow sense only refers to ''idu'' proper or the system developed in the Goryeo (918–1392), and first referred to by name in the '' Jewang ungi''. History The Idu script developed du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwŏn Kŭn
Kwŏn Kŭn (1352 – 14 February 1409) was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar at the dawn of the Joseon period, and a student of Yi Saek. He was one of the first Neo-Confucian scholars of the Joseon dynasty, and had a lasting influence on the rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea. Background Kwŏn Kŭn was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar at the time of the change from the Goryeo dynasty (during which Buddhism was a prominent philosophy) to Joseon. He was a member of the Andong Kwon clan that was very influential in the Goryeo court. He was a student of Yi Saek, and passed the first level of civil service examinations at the age of fourteen. He later went to Yuan China, and during his six years stay there he passed the second and the third level examinations. After his return to Korea, he became associated with the loyalist faction, and was exiled in 1389 for his defense of the Goryeo loyalist minister Yi Sung-in (1349–1392). While in exile he got involved in the faction's attempt to p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idu Script
Idu () was a writing system developed during the Three Kingdoms period of Korea (57 BC-668 AD) to write the Korean language using Chinese characters ("hanja"). It used Hanja to represent both native Korean words and grammatical morphemes as well as Chinese loanwords. The script, which was developed by Buddhist monks, made it possible to record Korean words through their equivalent meaning or sound in Chinese. It was used primarily to write official documents and the imperial examinations from 958 AD-1894 AD. The term ''idu'' may refer to various systems of representing Korean phonology through hanja, which were used from the early Three Kingdoms to Joseon periods. In this sense, it includes '' hyangchal'', the local writing system used to write vernacular poetry and ''gugyeol'' writing. Its narrow sense only refers to ''idu'' proper or the system developed in the Goryeo (918–1392), and first referred to by name in the '' Jewang ungi''. History The Idu script developed du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunminjeongeum
() is a 15th-century manuscript that introduced the Korean script Hangul. The name of the manuscript was also the original name of the script. King Sejong the Great commissioned the royal research institute Hall of Worthies to write the ''Hunminjeongeum'' to describe the writing system he had invented in 1443. The manuscript was then published in 1446. ''Hunminjeongeum'' was intended to be a simpler alternative to the incumbent Chinese-based Hanja, in order to promote literacy among the general populace. It originally included 28 letters, but over time, four of those (ㆆ, ㆁ, ㅿ, ·) were abandoned, leading to the current 24 letters of Hangul. Sejong the Great also commissioned the creation of a companion explanatory manuscript entitled '' Hunminjeongeum Haerye''. In 1940, a copy of the ''Hunminjeongeum Haerye'' was discovered in Andong, Gyeongsang Province. An early copy of the document is in the Gansong Art Museum in Seoul, South Korea. In 1962, ''Hunminjeongeum Haer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyangchal
''Hyangchal'' () is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in Chinese characters. Using the ''hyangchal'' system, Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character. The ''hyangchal'' writing system is often classified as a subgroup of the Idu script. The first mention of ''hyangchal'' is the monk Kyun Ye's biography during the Goryeo period. ''Hyangchal'' is best known as the method Koreans used to write ''hyangga'' poetry. Twenty-five such poems still exist and show that vernacular poetry used native Korean words and Korean word order, and each syllable was "transcribed with a single graph". The writing system covered nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, particles, suffixes, and auxiliary verbs. The practice of ''hyangchal'' continued during the Goryeo era, where it was used to record native Korean poetry as well. Example of Hyangchal text The following example is the first verse of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese is the language in which the classics of Chinese literature were written, from . For millennia thereafter, the written Chinese used in these works was imitated and iterated upon by scholars in a form now called Literary Chinese, which was used for almost all formal writing in China until the early 20th century. Each written character corresponds to a single spoken syllable, and almost always to a single independent word. As a result, the characteristic style of the language is comparatively terse. Starting in the 2nd century CE, use of Literary Chinese spread to the countries surrounding China, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands, where it represented the only known form of writing. Literary Chinese was adopted as the language of civil administration in these countries, creating what is known as the Sinosphere. Each additionally developed systems of readings and annotations that enabled non-Chinese speakers to interpret Literary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
