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Sorghum (genus)
''Sorghum'' () or broomcorn is a genus of about 25 species of flowering plants in the grass family (Poaceae). ''Sorghum bicolor'' is grown as a cereal for human consumption and as animal fodder. Evolution Phylogeny The ''Sorghum'' genus is closely related to maize within the PACMAD clade of grasses, and more distantly to the cereals of the BOP clade such as wheat and barley. Taxonomy The ''Sorghum'' genus is in the grass family, Poaceae, in the subfamily Panicoideae, in the tribe Andropogoneae – the same as maize (''Zea mays''), big bluestem (''Andropogon gerardi''), and sugarcane (''Saccharum'' spp.). Accepted species recorded include: Seventeen of the 25 species are native to Australia, with the range of some extending to Africa, Asia, Mesoamerica, and certain islands in the Indian Ocean , Indian and Pacific Islands , Pacific Oceans. References External links * "Sorghum and millets in human nutrition" FAO Report (1995) {{Authority control Sorg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorghum Bicolor
''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus ''Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain is used as food by humans, while the plant is used for animal feed and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over high. The grain is small, in diameter. Sweet sorghums are cultivars grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol. They are taller than those grown for grain. Description Sorghum is a large stout grass that grows up to tall. It has large bushy flowerheads or panicles that provide an edible starchy grain with up to 3,000 seeds in each flowerhead. It grows in warm climates worldwid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fescue
''Festuca'' (fescue) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the grass family Poaceae (subfamily Pooideae). They are evergreen or herbaceous perennial tufted grasses with a height range of and a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. The genus is closely related to ryegrass (''Lolium''), and recent evidence from phylogenetic studies using DNA sequencing of plant mitochondrial DNA shows that the genus lacks monophyly. As a result, plant taxonomists have moved several species, including the forage grasses tall fescue and meadow fescue, from the genus ''Festuca'' into the genus ''Lolium'', or alternatively into the segregate genus ''Schedonorus''. Because the taxonomy is complex, scientists have not determined how many true species belong to the genus, but estimates range from more than 400 to over 640. Fescue pollen is a significant contributor to hay fever. Taxonomy The genus ''Festuca'' represents a major evolutionary line of the tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andropogon Gerardi
''Andropogon gerardi'', commonly known as big bluestem, is a species of tall grass native to much of the Great Plains and grassland regions of central and eastern North America. It is also known as tall bluestem, bluejoint, and turkeyfoot. Taxonomy ''Andropogon gerardi'' was formally named in 1792 by Fulgenzio Vitman. It was named for French botanist Louis Gérard, who had first described the plant from specimens that had been cultivated in Provence, France. Kew's International Plant Names Index and USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network reject the spelling ''gerardii'' and provide reasoning for ''gerardi'' as being the correct spelling for the specific epithet of this taxon. ''Andropogon gerardii'' still makes appearances in various literature, including other USDA publications. Description Big bluestem is a perennial warm-season bunchgrass. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions. The main roots are deep, and the plants send out strong, tough rhizomes, so i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andropogoneae
The Andropogoneae, sometimes called the sorghum tribe, are a large tribe of grasses (family Poaceae) with roughly 1,200 species in 90 genera, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. They include such important crops as maize (corn), sugarcane, and sorghum. All species in this tribe use C4 carbon fixation, which makes them competitive under warm, high-light conditions. Andropogoneae is classified in supertribe Andropogonodae, together with its sister group Arundinelleae. Subdivisions include 12 subtribes, but the position of several genera within them is still unresolved (''incertae sedis''). Hybridisation was probably important in the evolution of the Andropogoneae, and the tribe's systematics are still not completely resolved. From the morphological point of view, the merging of the former subtribe 'Dimeriinae' (having solitary spikelets borne in 'robust' raceme rachis ) into the subtribe Ischaeminae (having paired spikelets borne in 'fragile' raceme rachis) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panicoideae
Panicoideae is the second-largest subfamily of the grasses with over 3,500 species, mainly distributed in warm temperate and tropical regions. It comprises some important agricultural crops, including sugarcane, maize (or corn), sorghum, and switchgrass. C4 photosynthesis evolved independently a number of times in the subfamily, which presumably had a C3 ancestor. Description The ligule has a fringe of hairs. The inflorescence is branched around a common axis. The spikelets are all alike with two bisexual florets that are joined below the glumes (the outer floral envelopes). The lower glume is shorter than the spikelet. Systematics and taxonomy Within the PACMAD clade of grasses, the Panicoideae are sister to a clade made of the four subfamilies Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Danthonioideae, and Micrairoideae. A modern phylogenetic classification divides the Panicoideae in twelve tribes corresponding to monophyletic clades; two genera, '' Chandrasekharania'' and '' Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zea (plant)
''Zea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the Poaceae, grass family. The best-known species is ''Z. mays'' (variously called maize, corn, or Indian corn), one of the most important crops for human societies throughout much of the world. The four wild species are commonly known as teosintes and are native to Mesoamerica. Etymology ''Zea'' is derived from the Greek language, Greek name () for another cereal grain (possibly spelt).Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press (CUP). (hardback), (paperback). pp 411 Recognized species The five accepted species names in the genus are: Maize (''Zea mays'') is further divided into four subspecies: ''Zea mays subsp. huehuetenangensis, Z. m. huehuetenangensis'', ''Zea mays subsp. mexicana, Z. m. mexicana'', ''Zea mays subsp. parviglumis, Z. m. parviglumis'' (Balsas teosinte, the ancestor of maize), and ''Zea mays subsp. mays, Z. m. mays''. The first three subspecies are teosintes; the last is maize, or co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sorghum
''Sorghum bicolor'', commonly called sorghum () and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the Poaceae, grass genus ''Sorghum (genus), Sorghum'' cultivated for its grain. The grain is used as food by humans, while the plant is used for animal feed and ethanol production. Sorghum originated in Africa, and is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. Sorghum is the world's fifth-most important cereal crop after rice, wheat, maize, and barley. Sorghum is typically an annual, but some cultivars are perennial. It grows in clumps that may reach over high. The grain is small, in diameter. Sweet sorghums are cultivars grown for forage, syrup production, and ethanol. They are taller than those grown for grain. Description Sorghum is a large stout grass that grows up to tall. It has large bushy flowerheads or panicles that provide an edible starchy grain with up to 3,000 seeds in each flowerhead. It grows ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearl Millet
Pearl millet (''Cenchrus americanus'', commonly known as the synonym ''Pennisetum glaucum'') is the most widely grown type of millet. It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the Sahel zone of West Africa. Recent archaeobotanical research has confirmed the presence of domesticated pearl millet on the Sahel zone of northern Mali between 2500 and 2000 BC. 2023 was the , declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2021. Description Pearl millet has ovoid grains of length, the largest kernels of all varieties of millet (not including sorghum). These can be nearly white, pale yellow, brown, grey, slate blue or purple. The 1000-seed weight can be anything from 2.5 to 14 g with a mean of 8 g. The height of the plant ranges from . Cultivation Pearl millet is well adapted to growing areas characterized by drought, low soil fertility, low moisture, and high t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennisetum
''Cenchrus'' is a widespread genus of plants in the grass family, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Its species are native to many countries in Asia, Africa, Australia, the Americas, and various oceanic islands. Common names include buffelgrasses, sandburs, and sand spur. Such names allude to the sharp, spine-covered burrs characterizing the inflorescences of the members of the genus. Those previously classified as ''Pennisetum'' are known commonly as fountaingrasses (fountain grasses).''Pennisetum''. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).''Pennisetum''. The Jepson eFlora 2013. Taxonomy ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryza
''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species '' Oryza sativa'' and '' Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species. ''Oryza'' is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In ''Oryza'', two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae, a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.Heywood, V.H. Flowering Plants of the World 1993 Oxford University Press One species, Asian rice ( ''O. sativa''), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus. Species I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secale
''Secale'' is a genus of the grass Poaceae ( ), also called Gramineae ( ), is a large and nearly ubiquitous family (biology), family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, the grasses of natural grassland and spe ... tribe Triticeae, which is related to barley (''Hordeum'') and wheat (''Triticum''). The genus includes cultivated species such as rye (''Secale cereale'') as well as weedy and wild rye species. The best-known species of the genus is the cultivated rye, ''S. cereale'', which is grown as a grain and forage crop. Wild and weedy rye species help provide a huge gene pool that can be used for improvement of the cultivated rye.Chikmawati, T., Miftahudin, & Gustafson, J. P. (2013). Rye (''Secale cereale'' L.) and wheat (''Triticum aestivum'' L.) simple sequence repeat variation within ''Secale'' spp. (''Poaceae''). ''HAYATI Journal of Biosciences'', ''20''(4), 163–170. doi:10.4308/hjb.20.4.163 The ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triticum
Wheat is a group of wild and domesticated grasses of the genus ''Triticum'' (). They are cultivated for their cereal grains, which are staple foods around the world. Well-known wheat species and hybrids include the most widely grown common wheat (''T. aestivum''), spelt, durum, emmer, einkorn, and Khorasan or Kamut. The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BC. Wheat is grown on a larger area of land than any other food crop ( in 2021). World trade in wheat is greater than that of all other crops combined. In 2021, world wheat production was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize (known as corn in North America and Australia; wheat is often called corn in countries including Britain). Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing because of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
