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Sakuji-bugyō
were officials of the Tokugawa shogunate having responsibility for architecture and construction matters. Appointments to this prominent office were usually ''fudai daimyōs''.Beasley, William. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', pp. 18–19. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer". The office was created on the 3rd day of the 10th month of the ninth year of ''Kan'ei'' (1632). Three ''sakuji-bugyō'' were appointed at the same time in an effort to tighten administrative controls over what had previously been an ''ad hoc'' army of builders in a diverse array of trades, and in a sense, the appointments could be seen as a response to a number of things which had not gone well in other, earlier construction projects.Coaldrake, William H. (1996 ''Architecture and Authority in Japan'', p. 178./ref> The three loyal Tokugawa retainers were to become responsible for a number of shogunate building ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bugyō
was a title assigned to ''samurai'' officials in feudal Japan. ''Bugyō'' is often translated as commissioner, magistrate, or governor, and other terms would be added to the title to describe more specifically a given official's tasks or jurisdiction. Pre-Edo period In the Heian period (794–1185), the post or title of ''bugyō'' would be applied only to an official with a set task; once that task was complete, the officer would cease to be called ''bugyō''. However, in the Kamakura period (1185–1333) and later, continuing through the end of the Edo period (1603–1868), posts and titles came to be created on a more permanent and regular basis.Kinihara, Misako''The Establishment of the Tosen-bugyō in the Reign of Ashikaga Yoshinori'' (唐船奉行の成立 : 足利義教による飯尾貞連の登用) Tokyo Woman's Christian University. ''Essays and S.tudies''. Abstract. Over time, there came to be 36 ''bugyō'' in the bureaucracy of the Kamakura shogunate. In 1434, Ash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. The Tokugawa shogunate was established by Tokugawa Ieyasu after victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, ending the civil wars of the Sengoku period following the collapse of the Ashikaga shogunate. Ieyasu became the ''shōgun,'' and the Tokugawa clan governed Japan from Edo Castle in the eastern city of Edo (Tokyo), Edo (Tokyo) along with the ''daimyō'' lords of the ''samurai'' class. The Tokugawa shogunate organized Japanese society under the strict Edo society, Tokugawa class system and banned most foreigners under the isolationist policies of ''Sakoku'' to promote political stability. The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each ''daimyō'' administering a ''Han system, han'' (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as provinces of Japan, imperial provinces. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Japan experienced rapid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fudai Daimyō
was a class of ''daimyō'' (大名) in the Tokugawa Shogunate (徳川幕府) of Japan who were hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa before the Battle of Sekigahara. ''Fudai daimyō'' and their descendants filled the ranks of the Tokugawa administration in opposition to the '' tozama daimyō'' and held most of the power in Japan during the Edo period. Origins ''Fudai daimyōs'' originated from the families and clans who had served the prominent Tokugawa clan before its rise to national primacy during the Azuchi–Momoyama period in the late Sengoku period, including the Honda, Sakai, Sakakibara, Ii, Itakura, and Mizuno clans. A number of other clans which were not retainers of the Tokugawa before the Azuchi–Momoyama period also came to be counted as ''fudai'', such as the Ogasawara and the Doi. Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, Sakai Tadatsugu, and Ii Naomasa — Tokugawa Ieyasu's " Four Great Generals" — were all pre-Edo period ''fudai'' who went on to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kan'ei
was a after '' Genna'' and before ''Shōhō.'' This period spanned the years from February 1624 through December 1644. The reigning emperors and single empress were , and .Titsingh, Isaac. (1834) ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', p. 411./ref> Change of era * 1624 : The era name was changed to mark the start of a new cycle of the Chinese zodiac. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Genna'' 9, on the 30th day of the 2nd month. This era name is derived from 寛広、永長 (meaning "Broad Leniency, Eternal Leader"). Events * 1624 (''Kan'ei 1''): Construction of the Hōei-zan temple began. * November 4, 1626 (''Kan'ei 3, 16th day of the 9th month''): Emperor Go-Mizunoo and the empress visited Nijō Castle; they were accompanied by Princes of the Blood, palace ladies and ''kuge''. Among the precedents for this was the Tenshō era visit of Emperor Go-Yōzei to Toyotomi Hideyoshi's extravagant Heian-kyō mansion, Juraku-dai (which Hideyoshi himself would te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machi-bugyō
were samurai officials of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo period Japan. The office was amongst the senior administrative posts open to those who were not ''daimyō''.Beasley, William G. (1955). ''Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868'', p. 325. Conventional interpretations have construed these Japanese titles as "commissioner" or "overseer" or "governor". This ''bakufu'' title identifies a magistrate or municipal administrator with responsibility for governing and maintaining order in what were perceived to be important cities. The ''machi-bugyō'' were the central public authority in the Japanese urban centers of this period. These ''bakufu''-appointed officers served in a unique role, which was an amalgam of chief of police, judge, and mayor. The ''machi-bugyō'' were expected to manage a full range of administrative and judicial responsibilities.Cunningham, Don. (2004) ''Taiho-Jutsu: Law and Order in the Age of the Samurai'', p. 42./ref> The ''machi-bugyō'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakuma Sanekatsu
Sakuma (written: 佐久間) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include: *, Japanese video game designer *, Japanese-American retired ice hockey player *, Japanese idol, tarento, actor, member of boy band Snow Man *, Japanese photographer *, Japanese weightlifter *, Japanese voice actress *, prominent Oda retainer, cousin of Nobumori Sakuma *, Japanese samurai who served Oda Nobunaga *, retainer of the Oda clan, cousin of Morimasa Sakuma *, Japanese actress, voice actress, singer, narrator *, Japanese professional footballer * Roy Sakuma (born 1948), Hawaiian ukulele teacher and founder of the Ukulele Festival *, Imperial Japanese Army general *, Japanese former football player and manager *, Japanese politician and scholar of the Edo period *, Japanese former professional drifting driver *, Imperial Japanese Navy career naval officer *, Japanese actress *, Japanese actress and model Fictional characters *Ryuichi Sakuma, a character in the anime and manga series ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kano Motokatsu
Kano may refer to: Places *Kano State, a state in Northern Nigeria *Kano (city), a city in Nigeria, and the capital of Kano State **Kingdom of Kano, a Hausa kingdom between the 10th and 14th centuries **Sultanate of Kano, a Hausa kingdom between the 14th and 19th centuries **Kano Emirate, a 19th-century Islamic state People Given name * , Japanese entertainer Mononym *Kano (British musician) (born 1985), British rapper * Kano (comics) (born 1973), Spanish comic book artist *Kano (Japanese musician), Japanese musician and virtual YouTuber Surname *, Japanese founder of Judo *Aminu Kano (1920–1983), Nigerian politician * David Kano (actor) (born 1987), American actor, writer and producer *, Japanese comedian and singer *Kano sisters, and , Japanese celebrities *, Japanese politician *, Japanese volleyball player *, Japanese developer of the Kano model *, Japanese footballer * Thea Kano (born 1965), American conductor *, Japanese politician Fictional characters * Kano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakai Tadatomo
is a city located in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. It has been one of the largest and most important seaports of Japan since the medieval era. Sakai is known for its ''kofun'', keyhole-shaped burial mounds dating from the fifth century. The ''kofun'' in Sakai include the largest grave in the world by area, Daisen Kofun. Once known for swords, Sakai is now famous for the quality of its cutlery. , the city had an estimated population of 819,965, making it the fourteenth most populous city in Japan (excluding Tokyo). Geography Sakai is located in southern Osaka Prefecture, on the edge of Osaka Bay and directly south of the city of Osaka. Neighboring municipalities Osaka Prefecture *Habikino * Izumi *Kawachinagano *Matsubara *Osaka *Ōsakasayama * Takaishi Climate Sakai has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Sakai is . The average annual rainfall is with June as the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurihara Murikazu
Kurihara City Hall is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 66,565, and a population density of 83 persons per km2 in 24,994 households. The total area of the city is . Parts of the city are within the borders of the Kurikoma Quasi-National Park. Geography Kurihara covers a part of the northwestern corner of Miyagi Prefecture. It is mostly rice farmland, and small mountain ridges, the largest of which cluster around Mount Kurikoma, the tallest mountain in Kurihara, which is located at the furthest northwestern point of Miyagi Prefecture. In summer, the lotus on Lake Izunuma bloom. In fall, Mount Kurikoma is covered in fall colors and in winter migrating swans and geese come in flocks to spend the season on Kurihara's lakes. Neighboring municipalities Akita Prefecture * Higashinaruse * Yuzawa Iwate Prefecture * Ichinoseki Miyagi Prefecture * Ōsaki * Tome Climate The climate of Kurihara is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William G
William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is sometimes abbreviated "Wm." Shortened familiar versions in English include Will or Wil, Wills, Willy, Willie, Bill, Billie, and Billy. A common Irish form is Liam. Scottish diminutives include Wull, Willie or Wullie (as in Oor Wullie). Female forms include Willa, Willemina, Wilma and Wilhelmina. Etymology William is related to the German given name ''Wilhelm''. Both ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic ''*Wiljahelmaz'', with a direct cognate also in the Old Norse name ''Vilhjalmr'' and a West Germanic borrowing into Medieval Latin ''Willelmus''. The Proto-Germanic name is a compound of *''wiljô'' "will, wish, desire" and *''helmaz'' "helm, helmet".Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
